• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2010

클라우드 컴퓨팅 서비스 환경에서 인증 및 접근 제어와 같은 여러 보안 이슈가 발생하고 있다. 특히, 클라우드 컴퓨팅 환경에서 다양한 자원에 접속을 할 경우, 통합적으로 관리 및 제어가 가능한 인증 및 접근제어 모델이 필요하다. 이를 해결하기 위해서, 본 논문에서는 클라우드 컴퓨팅 환경에서 상황인식 기술과 통합인증 기술, 접근제어 기술, OSGi 서비스 플랫폼 기술을 접목하여, 상황인식 기반의 통합 인증(SSO) 및 접근제어 시스템을 제안한다. 또한 제안 시스템을 설계 및 구현함으로써, 클라우드 컴퓨팅 환경에서 상황에 따른 다양한 Multi Fact기반의 통합인증을 통하여 유연하고, 편리한 보안 시스템을 검증하였다. 이를 통하여 클라우드 컴퓨팅 환경에서 사용자 상황에 따라, 유연하고, 안전한 무중단 보안 서비스를 제공할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.1501-1509
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• 2011

재 인터넷의 서비스 제공자 중심적(service provider-centric)이고 고립형(isolated)의 선원 관리 1.0 모델(identity management 1.0 model)은 사용자 편의성 부족, 고비용 구조, 프라이버시 보호 어려움, 그리고 신뢰 인프라 부재 등의 여러 가지 문제를 안고 있다. 이러한 문제를 개선하기 위해 Passport/Live ID, Liberty Alliance/SAML(Security Assertion Markup Language), CardSpace, OpenID 등 SSO(Single Sign On) 서비스에 기초한 다양한 선원 관리 2.0 모델들이 개발되어 왔으나 실제 인터넷 환경에서 아직까지 신원 관리 1.0 모델을 대체할 수 있을 정도로 광범위하게 수용되지 못하고 있다. 본 논문은 현재 개발되고 있는 대표적인 신원관리 2.0 모델들을 비교분석하고, 분석 결과를 바탕으로 미래 인터넷을 위한 신원 관리 3.0 모델의 개발 방향을 제시하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.729-738
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• 2019

Objective: To assess the effects of iterative model reconstruction (IMR) on image quality for demonstrating non-calcific high-risk plaque characteristics of coronary arteries. Materials and Methods: This study included 66 patients (53 men and 13 women; aged 39-76 years; mean age, 55 ± 13 years) having single-vessel disease with predominantly non-calcified plaques evaluated using prospective electrocardiogram-gated 256-slice CT angiography. Paired image sets were created using two types of reconstruction: hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR) and IMR. Plaque characteristics were compared using the two algorithms. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the images and the CNR between the plaque and adjacent adipose tissue were also compared between the two reformatted methods. Results: Seventy-seven predominantly non-calcified plaques were detected. Forty plaques showed napkin-ring sign with the IMR reformatted method, while nineteen plaques demonstrated napkin-ring sign with HIR. There was no statistically significant difference in the presentation of positive remodeling, low attenuation plaque, and spotty calcification between the HIR and IMR reconstructed methods (all p > 0.5); however, there was a statistically significant difference in the ability to discern the napkin-ring sign between the two algorithms (χ² = 12.12, p < 0.001). The image noise of IMR was lower than that of HIR (10 ± 2 HU versus 12 ± 2 HU; p < 0.01), and the SNR and CNR of the images and the CNR between plaques and surrounding adipose tissues on IMR were better than those on HIR (p < 0.01). Conclusion: IMR can significantly improve image quality compared with HIR for the demonstration of coronary artery and atherosclerotic plaques using a 256-slice CT.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of Gunghatang tablet in healthy male volunteers. Methods Single center pharmacokinetics study was carried out in healthy male volunteers. Through the laboratory test, vital sign and adverse event data, safety evaluation was conducted. Total 15 of 16 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled and three subjects were allocated to waiting group. 12 subjects were allocated by serial number according to registration order. Subjects took the maximum daily dose of the tablet on the second day of hospitalization. For the evaluation of safety, blood samples were collected and vital sign were checked 4 times (screening, before administration, after administration and follow up period) during the trial. All adverse events were recorded and summarized as frequency and percentage. All continuous data were summarized as mean and standard deviation. For comparison of variables between before administration and after administration, data were analyzed by paired T-test or Wilcoxon signed rank test (p<0.05). Results As a result of all data related to vital sign and laboratory test in both group, there were no significant differences associated with the clinical trial drug between pre and post administration. And there was no adverse event associated with the clinical trial drug. Conclusions Gunghatang tablet were found to be safe for healthy male volunteers.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.6017-6037
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• 2017

In a multi-resolution image encoding system, the image is encoded into a single file as a layer of bit streams, and then it is transmitted layer by layer progressively to reduce the transmission time across a low bandwidth connection. This encoding scheme is also suitable for multiple decoders, each with different capabilities ranging from a handheld device to a PC. In our previous work, we proposed an edge adaptive hierarchical interpolation algorithm for multi-resolution image coding system. In this paper, we enhanced its compression efficiency by adding three major components. First, its prediction accuracy is improved using context adaptive error modeling as a feedback. Second, the conditional probability of prediction errors is sharpened by removing the sign redundancy among local prediction errors by applying sign flipping. Third, the conditional probability is sharpened further by reducing the number of distinct error symbols using error remapping function. Experimental results on benchmark data sets reveal that the enhanced algorithm achieves a better compression bit rate than our previous algorithm and other algorithms. It is shown that compression bit rate is much better for images that are rich in directional edges and textures. The enhanced algorithm also shows better rate-distortion performance and visual quality at the intermediate stages of progressive image transmission.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.259-272
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 안전한 OSGi 서비스 플랫폼 환경의 구축에 필요한 새로운 보안 아키텍처를 제시한다. 이 보안 아키텍처에는 1) 사용자 인증 메커니즘, 2) 번들 인증 메커니즘, 3) 키 공유 메커니즘, 4) 권한부여 메커니즘이 포함된다. 사용자 인중 메커니즘에서는 안전하고 편리한 사용자 인증을 위해 SSO (single sign-on) 기능을 제공한다. 번들 인증 메커니즘에서는 효율적인 서비스 번들의 인증을 위해 PKI 기반의 전자서명과 대칭키 기반의 MAC을 함께 이용한다. 서비스 게이트웨이의 부트스트래핑 단계에서 수행되는 키 공유 메커니즘은 인증 메커니즘에서 사용되는 비밀키를 안전하게 공유할 수 있는 방법을 제공한다. 마지막으로 권한부여 메커니즘을 통해 서비스 번들의 제공자와 게이트웨이 오퍼레이터가 분산된 보안 정책을 수립할 수 있는 방안을 제시한다. 본 논문은 기존의 OSGi 스펙에서 추상적으로 명세한 보안 기능을 실제로 OSGi 환경에서 적용할 때 필요한 요구사항을 살펴보고 구체적인 보안 아키텍처의 설계와 구현을 통해 해결 방안을 기술한 점에서 중요한 의미를 갖는다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2004

Client-to-Gateway 형태의 IPSec-VPN 시스템에서 IPSec-VPN 클라이언트에 대한 사용자 접근 제어를 위해서는 통상 ID/Password 검증 방식 또는 IPSec-VPN 클라이언트가 인증되면, 묵시적으로 IPSec-VPN 게이트웨이가 IPSec-VPN 클라이언트에 대한 사용자 접근 제어가 수행된 것으로 간주하는 묵시적 사용자 접근제어 방식이 있다. 그러나 ID/Password 검증방식은 ID/Password 정보의 전송 방법이 용이하지 않고, 묵시적 사용자 접근제어 방식은 보안상 취약점이 있기 때문에 보다 효과적인 사용자 접근제어 방안이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 Client-to-Gateway 형태의 IPSec-VPN 시스템에서의 효과적인 사용자 접근제어 방안으로써, 속성 인증서를 이용한 사용자 접근제어 방안을 제안하고, 사용자 접근제어 엔진을 설계, 구현하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 IPSec-VPN을 위한 사용자 접근제어 방안은 기존의 IPSec-VPN 시스템에 구현이 용이하고, 다른 IPSec-VPN 시스템과의 상호 호환성이 보장되는 장점을 가지고 있다. 또한 본 논문에서 설계, 구현한 사용자 접근제어 엔진은 속성 인증서를 이용한 임의적 접근제어, 역할기반 접근제어 뿐만 아니라, SSO(Single Sign-On) 기능을 제공할 수 있다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2014

Background: Samul-tang (Si-Wu-Tang, SMT) is a traditional herbal formula, which has been widely used to treat various diseases such as menstrual irregularity, bleeding and leucorrhea. Although many studies have investigated the pharmacological properties of SMT, its toxicity information has not yet been fully elucidated. Methods: Five Sprague Dawley (SD) rats of each sex were given a single dose (5000 mg/kg) of SMT by gavage; control rats received the vehicle only. After the single administration, mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes and gross findings were monitored for 15 days in accordance with Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) principles. Results: In a single oral dose toxicity study, there was no adverse effect on mortality, clinical sign, body weight change or gross finding in any treatment group. Conclusions: The results indicate that SMT did not induce toxic effects at a dose level up to 5000 mg/kg in rats and its median lethal dose ($LD_{50}$) was considered to be over 5000 mg/kg/day body weight for both genders.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.296-301
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine to observe single and four weeks repeated toxicity in mice of Bangpung-galgeun-tang (BGT). We investigated to ascertain safety and toxicity of BGT, we divided into single and four weeks repeated administration test. In single test, three groups were administrated different dosages and routes (2 g/kg/i.p., 4 g/kg/i.p. and 15 g/kg/p.o.) of BGT, and in four weeks repeated test, 0.8 g/kg BGT was administrated. Control groups were administrated with only saline according to on Korean Food and Drug Administration, respectively. We observed attentively motality, abnormal clinical sign, body weight change, organ weight, AST and ALT of mice after BGT administration. During toxicity experiment period, there was no difference in body weight change, organ weight, AST and ALT among different dose groups. Death were found 3 mice from day 2 to day 3 in single test i.p. group. (2 g/kg, 4 g/kg). Several individuals of single test i.p. group were observed that decreased locomotor activity, exophthalmos, bloodshot eyes, loss of eyesight and so on in early period after administration. But there was no difference in clinical signs among p.o. group. These results indicate that BGT have inhibition effects on allergy and suggest that no observable effect level of the test orally administration was considered to be more than 2 g/kg in mice under the conditions employed in this study.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.108-113
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• 1987

Al-Cr alloy with composition in the range from 1.5 wt% to 10 wt% Cr were rapidly solidified from the melt by the single roller method. The supersaturated solid solution was obtained up to 6 wt% Cr in Al-Cr alloy for $20{\mu}m$ thickness. Lattice parameter decreased with increasing Cr content at the rate of 0.00456A per wt% Cr up to 6 wt% Cr. Microhardness increased with increasing Cr content at the rate of $10\;Kg/mm^2$ per wt% Cr up to 6 wt% Cr. Microhardness measurements on the Al-6 wt% Cr supersaturated solid solution annealed isothermally showed no sign of age hardening. Decomposition temperature, determined by lattice parameter changes and microhardness changes, was $470^{\circ}C$ for Al-6 wt% Cr supersaturated solid solution. Transmission electron microscopy showed that decomposition within one hour below $400^{\circ}C$ occurred at grain boundaries only, and also the additional decomposition within grains being evident at $450^{\circ}C$ The coarse precipitate structure showed at $500^{\circ}C$ and $550^{\circ}C$, respectively. The coarse precipitate structure is considered $Al_7Cr$.