• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.937-953
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• 2015

This paper investigates the load model for single footfall trace of human walking. A large amount of single person walking load tests were conducted using the three-dimensional gait analysis system. Based on the experimental data, Fourier series functions were adopted to model single footfall trace in three directions, i.e. along walking direction, direction perpendicular to the walking path and vertical direction. Function parameters such as trace duration time, number of Fourier series orders, dynamic load factors (DLFs) and phase angles were determined from the experimental records. Stochastic models were then suggested by treating walking rates, duration time and DLFs as independent random variables, whose probability density functions were obtained from experimental data. Simulation procedures using the stochastic models are presented with examples. The simulated single footfall traces are similar to the experimental records.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.179-196
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• 2013

An experimentally measured single footfall trace (SFT) from a walking subject needs to be extended into a continuous force curve, which can then be used as load for floor vibration serviceability assessment, or on which further analysis like discrete Fourier transform can be conducted. This paper investigates the accuracy, applicability and parametrical sensitivity of four extension methods, Methods I to IV, which extends the SFT into a continuous time history by the walking step rate, stride time, double support proportion and the double support time, respectively. Performance of the four methods was assessed by comparing their results with the experimentally obtained reference footfall traces in the time and frequency domain, and by comparing the vibrational response of a concrete slab subjected to the extended traces to that of reference traces. The effect of the extension parameter on each method was also explored through parametrical analysis. This study finds that, in general, Method I and II perform better than Method III and IV, and all of the four methods are sensitive to their extension parameter. When reliable information of walking rate or gait period is available in the test, Methods I or II is a better choice. Otherwise, Method III, with the suggested extension parameter of double support time proportion, is recommended.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.335-344
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• 2016

부채널 분석 중 전력 분석 공격은 가장 실용적이며 강력한 기법으로 알려져 있다. 전력 분석 공격 중 단일 파형공격은 단 하나의 파형을 이용하여 공개키 암호 시스템의 비밀정보를 복원하는 강력한 분석기법으로 최근에 활발히 연구되고 있다. 가장 최근에 Sim 등은 이러한 공격에 높은 안전성을 갖는 새로운 지수승 알고리즘을 소개하였다. 본 논문에서 Sim 등이 제안한 단일 파형 공격에 높은 공격 복잡도를 갖는 알고리즘의 취약점을 분석한다. 메시지 블라인딩과 지수 분할 기법에 윈도우 기법을 적용해 높은 공격 복잡도를 갖는 알고리즘을 제안하였지만 사전 연산과정에서 발생하는 정보를 이용하여 비밀정보를 복원할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 취약점을 보완하여 단일파형 공격에 높은 공격 복잡도를 갖는 지수승 알고리즘을 새롭게 제안하였다. 설계된 알고리즘은 사전 연산 과정에서 실제지수 연산에 사용되는 값들의 재사용을 최소화 하여 충돌 공격에 대해 높은 안전성를 보장한다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.1089-1098
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• 2018

양자 컴퓨터의 개발이 가시화됨에 따라 RSA, Elliptic Curve Cryptosytem과 같은 암호 시스템을 대체할 수 있는 포스트 양자 암호에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 하지만 이러한 포스트 양자 암호조차도 실 환경에서 구동될 때 발생할 수 있는 부채널 분석에 대한 취약점을 반드시 고려해야만 한다. 본 논문에서는 NIST 포스트 양자 암호 표준 공모에 제출된 NTRU 구현 소스인 NTRUEncrypt에 대한 새로운 부채널 분석 기법을 제안한다. 기존에 제안되었던 부채널 분석 방법은 많은 수의 파형을 이용하였지만 제안하는 분석 기술은 단일 파형을 이용한 분석 방법으로 공개키 암호 시스템에 실질적으로 적용이 가능하다. 또한 본 논문에서는 제안하는 분석 기술에 안전성을 제공할 수 있는 새로운 대응 기술을 제안한다. 이 대응 기법은 과거 NTRU 부채널 분석 기법에도 안전할 뿐만 아니라 기존의 NIST에 제출된 코드보다 더 효율적 구현이 가능한 알고리즘을 제안한다.

• 경영과학
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2005

The bootstrap is a method of computational inference that simulates the creation of new data by resampling from a single data set. We propose a new job for the bootstrap: generating inputs from one historical trace using Threshold Bootstrap. In this regard, the most important quality of bootstrap samples is that they be functionally indistinguishable from independent samples of the same stochastic process. We describe a quantitative measure of difference between two time series, and demonstrate the sensitivity of this measure for discriminating between two data generating processes. Utilizing this distance measure for the task of generating inputs, we show a way of tuning the bootstrap using a single observed trace. This application of the threshold bootstrap will be a powerful tool for Monte Carlo simulation. Monte Carlo simulation analysis relies on built-in input generators. These generators make unrealistic assumptions about independence and marginal distributions. The alternative source of inputs, historical trace data, though realistic by definition, provides only a single input stream for simulation. One benefit of our method would be expanding the number of inputs achieving reality by driving system models with actual historical input series. Another benefit might be the automatic generation of lifelike scenarios for the field of finance.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.1079-1087
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• 2018

타원 곡선 암호 시스템의 주요 연산이 스칼라 곱셈 알고리즘은 부채널 분석에 취약함이 보고되어 왔다. 특히 알고리즘이 수행되는 동안 소비되는 전력 패턴 및 방출되는 전자파 패턴을 활용하는 부채널 분석에 취약하다. 이에 다양한 대응 기법이 연구되어 왔으나 데이터 종속 분기 유형, 중간 값에 따른 통계 특성 또는 데이터 간의 상호 관계 기반 공격에 대한 대응 기법 등 주 연산에 대한 대응 기법만 연구되어 왔을 뿐 비밀 키 비트 확인 단계에 대한 대응 기법은 연구되지 않았다. 이에 본 논문에서는 하드웨어로 구현된 이진 스칼라 곱셈 알고리즘에 대한 단일 파형 비밀 키 비트 종속 공격을 수행하여 전력 및 전자 파형을 이용하여 100% 성공률로 비밀 스칼라 비트를 찾을 수 있음을 보인다. 실험은 차분 전력 분석 대응 기법이 적용된 $Montgomery-L{\acute{o}}pez-Dahab$ ladder 스칼라 곱셈 알고리즘[13]을 대상으로 한다. 정교한 사전 전처리가 필요하지 않고 단일 파형만으로도 공격이 가능한 강력한 공격으로 기존 대응 기법을 무력화 시킬 수 있다. 따라서 이에 대한 대응 기법을 제시하고 이를 적용해야 함을 시사한다.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 2004년도 동계 국제 심포지움
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• pp.65-69
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• 2004

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.1532-1536
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• 2020

For ensuring nuclear safeguards, we report the analytical signal-detection performance of thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) with continuous heating for the measurement of isotopic ratios in samples containing ultra-trace amounts of uranium. As methods for detecting uranium signals, peak-jumping mode using a single detector and static mode using multiple detectors were examined with U100 (10% ²³⁵U-enriched) uranium standard samples in the femtogram-to-picogram range. Uranium isotope ratios, n(²³⁵U)/n(²³⁸U), were measured down to levels of 1 fg and 3 fg in static and peak-jumping modes, respectively, while n(²³⁴U)/n(²³⁸U) and n(²³⁶U)/n(²³⁸U) values were measured down to levels of 100 fg in both modes. In addition, the dependency of the ²³⁸U signal intensity on sample quantity exhibited similar tendencies in both modes. The precisions of the isotope ratios obtained in the static mode over all sample ranges used in this study were overall slightly higher than those obtained in peak-jumping mode. These results indicate that isotope ratio measurements by TIMS with continuous heating are almost independent of the detection method, i.e., peak-jumping mode or static mode, which is characteristic of isotope-ratio measurements using the TIMS method with continuous heating. TIMS with continuous heating is advantageous as it exhibits the properties of multiple detectors within a single detector, and is expected to be used in various fields in addition to ensuring nuclear safeguards.

• 분석과학
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.520-528
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• 2005

Two biological Certified Reference Materials (CRMs), KRISS 108-04-001 (oyster tissue) and 108-05-001 (water dropwort stem), were prepared by Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS)during FY '01. The certified values of these materials had been determined by Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry (IDMS) for six elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn). Additional analytical works are now progressing to certify the concentrations of a number of the environmental and nutrimental elements in these CRMs. The certified values in a CRM are usually determined by using a single primary method with confirmation by other method(s) or using two independent critically-evaluated methods. Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) plays an important role in the determination of certified values as it can eliminate the possibility of common error sources resulting from sample dissolution. In this study INAA procedure was used in determination of 23 elements in these two biological CRMs to acquire the concentration information and the results were compared with KRISS certified values.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.306-310
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• 2016

To produce 4N grade high-purity silica powder from natural ore, the mineralogical characteristics of natural silica ore were investigated and their effects on the purification process were revealed. The Chinese silica mineral ore used was composed of iron and aluminum as main impurities and calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and titanium as trace impurities; these trace impurities generally exist as either single oxides or complex oxides. It was confirmed that liberation and acidic washing of the impurities were highly dependent on the particle size of the ground silica ore and on its mineralogical characteristics such as the distribution and phases of existing impurities. It is suggested that appropriate size reduction of silica ore should be realized for optimized purification according to the origin of the natural silica ore. A single step purification process, the mechano-chemical washing (MCW) process, was proposed and verified in comparison with the conventional multi step washing process.