• Title/Summary/Keyword: Single MAC

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Virtual Topology Control System for Evaluating Semi-infrastructured Wireless Community Networks (준-인프라 기반 무선 커뮤니티 네트워크 시험을 위한 가상 토폴로지 제어 시스템)

  • Kang, Nam-Hi;Kim, Young-Han
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.275-281
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    • 2012
  • Community network is a communication environment where heterogeneous devices can access and communicate with each other at any time and at any space to share information. To do so, mobile devices are required to be self-configured even in absence of communication infrastructures. Semi-infrastructured wireless ad-hoc network is a promising solution to meet with such a requirement. This paper proposes the VTC(virtual topology coordinator) system as an evaluation tool for examining network protocols that are intended to be deployed in the semi-infrastructured ad-hoc networks. VTC emulates multi-hops wireless network topology virtually using a mechanism of selective receiving MAC frame in a small area, where only a single hop communication is available. VTC system cannot consider all properties introduced in real wireless network, but do more wireless properties than verification through simulation.

MAC Aware Multi-Channel Routing Protocol for Multi-Interface Ad-Hoc Wireless Networks (다중-인터페이스 애드-혹 무선 네트워크를 위한 MAC 인식 다중-채널 라우팅 프로토콜)

  • Lim, Hunju;Joung, Sookyoung;Lee, Sungwha;Park, Inkap
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.13 no.5
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    • pp.249-258
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    • 2013
  • In multi-hop ad hoc networks, multi-interface multi-channel architecture is being noticing as methodology to improve the effective bandwidth and end-to-end throughput, But since existing routing metrics designed for networks based on single-interface exactly can not reflects the nature of networks based on multi-interface multi-channel, we are not expected the effect of throughput improvement. there had been proposal of MCR that discover high throughput by using metrics such as channel diversity and interface switching cost. however, MCR have an problem that is degraded it's performance in congested networks, because it not reflects the impact of traffic load. in this paper, we propose MAMCR metric, which select high throughput paths under congested conditions by combination MCR with channel access time metric, and conform it's the effect of performance improvement by ns-2 simulation.

Evaluation of Neutralizing Capacities of Antacid Products (제산제의 중화 능력의 평가 연구)

  • 박경호;차수만;최진석;김낙두
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.139-148
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    • 1983
  • The neutralizing capacities of the antacids, which are frequently used in Korean market, were evaluated in vitro by the methods of Resset and Rice, Fordtran and Collyns, and modified Beekman, respectively. The antacids used in the study are two kinds, the one is preparations from Seoul National University Hospital and the other is products from pharmaceutical companies, and their components are aluminum phosphate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, basic aluminum sucrose sulfate and $2MgO{\times}Al_{2}O_{3}{\times}SiO_{3}$, etc. The hospital preparations, DMC and MAC powders, showed most powerful and sustained neutralizing capacities, i.e. they maintained the pH range from 5 to 8 for 60min, Whereas pharmaceutical products, aluminum hydroxide gel containing magnesium hydroxide and magnesium aluminum hydroxide gel exhibited a moderate capacities, i.e pH ranged from 3 to 6, and aluminum phosphate, $2MgO{\times}Al_{2}O_{3}{\times}SiO_{2}$ and basic aluminum sucrose sulfate displayed a weak activity, pH ranged from 2 to 3. When the therapeutic doses of aluminum hydroxide gel containing magnesium hydroxide and magnesium aluminum hydroxide gel were divided into 2 doses and each dose was used at the interval of 30min., the divided doses kept more prolonged higher pH than the single therapeutic dose. Milliequivalents of neutralizing capacities of each antacid were measured by the method of Fordtran and Collyns. The milliequivalents per 1ml of aluminum hydroxide gel, aluminum hydroxide gel containing magnesium hydroxide, magnesium aluminum hydroxide gel and aluminum phosphate were 2.87, 2.86, 2.57, and 0.67, respectively. The milliequivalents per 100mg of preparations, i.e. MAC powder, dried aluminum hydroxidgel, DMC powder, 2MgO, $Al_{2}O_{3}$. $SiO_{2}$, magnesium aluminum hydroxide and basic aluminum sucrose sulfate were 1.91, 1.68 1.63, 1.45, 1.44, and 0.44, respectively.

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Implementation of Uncompressed Video Transmission System for Wireless Video Mirroring Service in Portable Multimedia Devices (휴대용 멀티미디어 기기에서의 무선 영상 미러링 서비스를 위한 비압축 영상 전송 시스템의 구현)

  • Lee, Sangjae;Jeon, Youngae;Choi, Sangsung;Cho, Kyoung-Rok
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.38A no.4
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    • pp.381-391
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    • 2013
  • Wireless transmission of uncompressed video guarantees higher quality with lower latency than compressed video transmission. Although current wireless technologies cannot fully cover required data rates of about a few Gb/s for full high definition resolution, some wireless technologies such as ultra-wideband (UWB) provide 1 Gb/s data rate which is adequate for uncompressed video transmission in portable devices. In this paper, we propose an uncompressed video transmission system for wireless mirroring services in portable devices. We firstly simulated the performance of uncompressed video transmission using single or multiple 1 Gb/s UWB technology. Then we implemented hardware-based uncompressed video processing block and Gb/s wireless MAC accelerator. Finally, we show the implementation result and the demonstration of uncompressed HD video transmission using multiple 1 Gb/s UWB PHYs.

A Systematic Analysis on Default Risk Based on Delinquency Probability

  • Kim, Gyoung Sun;Shin, Seung Woo
    • Korea Real Estate Review
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.21-35
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    • 2018
  • The recent performance of residential mortgages demonstrated how default risk operated separately from prepayment risk. In this study, we investigated the determinants of the borrowers' decisions pertaining to early termination through default from the mortgage performance data released by Freddie Mac, involving securitized mortgage loans from January 2011 to September 2013. We estimated a Cox-type, proportional hazard model with a single risk on fundamental factors associated with default options for individual mortgages. We proposed a mortgage default model that included two specifications of delinquency: one using a delinquency binary variable, while the other using a delinquency probability. We also compared the results obtained from two specifications with respect to goodness-of-fit proposed in the spirit of Vuong (1989) in both overlapping and nested models' cases. We found that a model with our proposed delinquency probability variable showed a statistically significant advantage compared to a benchmark model with delinquency dummy variables. We performed a default prediction power test based on the method proposed in Shumway (2001), and found a much stronger performance from the proposed model.

The efficient implementation of the multi-channel active noise controller using a low-cost microcontroller unit (저가 microcontoller unit을 이용한 효율적인 다채널 능동 소음 제어기 구현)

  • Chung, Ik Joo
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.9-22
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    • 2019
  • In this paper, we propose a method that can be applied to the efficient implementation of multi-channel active noise controller. Since the normalized MFxLMS (Modified Filtered-x Least Mean Square) algorithm for the multi-channel active noise control requires a large amount of computation, the difficulty has lied in implementing the algorithm using a low-cost MCU (Microcontoller Unit). We implement the multi-channel active noise controller efficiently by optimizing the software based on the features of the MCU. By maximizing the usage of single-cycle MAC (Multiply- Accumulate) operations and minimizing move operations of the delay memory, we can achieve more than 3 times the performance in the aspect of computational optimization, and by parellel processing using the auxillary processor included in the MCU, we can also obtain more than 4 times the performance. In addition, the usage of additional parts can be minimized by maximizing the usage of the peripherals embedded in the MCU.

Performance Analysis of Antenna Polarization Diversity on LTE 2×2 MIMO in Indoor Environment (실내 환경에서 LTE 2×2 MIMO 기술의 안테나 편파 다이버서티 성능 분석)

  • Nguyen, Duc T.;Devi, Ningombam Devarani;Shin, Seokjoo
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Next Generation Computing
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.7-21
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    • 2017
  • Multiple antenna techniques employed in fourth generation mobile communication systems are affected on their performance mostly by transmission environments and antenna configurations. The performance of the indoor LTE(Long-term Evolution) MIMO(multiple input multiple output) has been rigorously evaluated with considering various diversity transmission schemes and propagation conditions in the paper. Specifically, MAC TP(medium access control throughput) and LTE system parameters related to the MIMO technique are analyzed for several indoor propagation conditions. The performance comparison between multiple antenna diversity mode and single antenna mode has been derived as well. The results performed in the paper give the guideline on antenna configurations of polarization diversity in LTE 2×2 MIMO for various indoor channel environments, and possibly are exploited by network operators and antenna manufacturers.

VLSI Design of Demodulating Fingers with Lowe Hardware Complexity for MC-CDMA Mobile System (MC-CDMA 이동국의 하드웨어 복잡도를 줄이기 위한 다중경로 복조기의 설계)

  • 황상윤;이성주김재석
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 1998.10a
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    • pp.1113-1116
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    • 1998
  • This paper presents an efficient hardware architecture of demodulating fingers to demodulate the multi-path propagating signals in MC-CDMA Mobile System. We design a new architecture of demodulating fingers which share the single arithmetic unit to reduce the hardware complexity. This arithmetic unit performs MAC(Multiplication and Accumulation) operations of all demodulating fingers. The proposed architecture is suitable for Is-95 based CDMA PCS system. Three demodulating fingers for MC-CDMA which demodulate 7 channels contain about 42K logic gates. Our proposed system is shown to be very useful for Multi-Code CDMA system in which several channels are demodulated simultaneously.

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An Improved PayWord Protocol Supporting Multiple Payment with Single Hash Chain (단일 해쉬 체인으로 다중 지불을 지원하는 개선된 PayWord 프로토콜)

  • Park, Ae-Young;Lim, Hyeong-Seok
    • Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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    • 2001.10b
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    • pp.899-902
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    • 2001
  • 공개키 연산을 이용하는 고액 지불 시스템(Macro Payment System)은 높은 수수료로 인해 경제성이 맞지 않아 소액 지불(Micro Payment)에는 적합하지 않다. 해쉬 연산을 이용한 PayWord 프로토콜은 저렴한 메커니즘 비용과 신속한 트랜잭션 처리, 거래과정에서 브로커의 오프라인 참여로 소액 대금 결재에 적합하다. 그러나 특정 상점에만 사용 가능한 화폐가치를 포함하여, 사용자가 거래하는 상점이 많아지면 관리 저장해야 하는 해쉬 체인의 수가 늘어나는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 전자화폐에 해당하는 해쉬 체인을 하나만 생성하여 여러 상점들에 안전한 지불을 수행하는 개선된 소액 지불 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 지불과정에 MAC(Message Authentication Code)을 이용한 해쉬 간을 추가하여, 상점들의 공모 및 악의적인 수정을 방지한다. 따라서 사용자는 하나의 해쉬 체인만을 생성함으로써 기존의 PayWord보다 계산부담이 줄고, 여러 상점들과의 일시적인 거래관계에서도 효율적인 지불을 수행한다.

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Design of a RISC Processor with an Efficient Processing Unit for Multimedia Data (효율적인 멀티미디어데이터 처리를 위한 RISC Processor의 설계)

  • 조태헌;남기훈;김명환;이광엽
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 2003.07b
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    • pp.867-870
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    • 2003
  • 본 논문은 멀티미디어 데이터 처리를 위한 효율적인 RISC 프로세서 유닛의 설계를 목표로 Vector 프로세서의 SIMD(Single Instruction Multiple Data) 개념을 바탕으로 고정된 연산기 데이터 비트 수에 비해 상대적으로 작은 비트수의 데이터 연산의 부분 병렬화를 통하여 멀티미디어 데이터 연산의 기본이 되는 곱셈누적(MAC : Multiply and Accumulate) 연산의 성능을 향상 시킨다. 또한 기존의 MMX나 VIS 등과 같은 범용 프로세서들의 부분 병렬화를 위해 전 처리 과정의 필요충분조건인 데이터의 연속성을 위해 서로 다른 길이의 데이터 흑은 비트 수가 작은 멀티미디어의 데이터를 하나의 데이터로 재처리 하는 재정렬 혹은 Packing/Unpacking 과정이 성능 전체적인 성능 저하에 작용하게 되므로 본 논문에서는 기존의 프로세서의 연산기 구조를 재이용하여 병렬 곱셈을 위한 연산기 구조를 구현하고 이를 위한 데이터 정렬 연산 구조를 제안한다.

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