• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제8권7호
• /
• pp.2365-2382
• /
• 2014

While single-user spatial multiplexing multiple-input multiple-output (SU-MIMO) allows spatially multiplexed data streams to be transmitted to one node at a time, multi-user spatial multiplexing MIMO (MU-MIMO) enables the simultaneous transmission to multiple nodes. However, if the transmission time required to send packets to each node varies considerably, MU-MIMO may fail to utilize the available MIMO capacity to its full potential. The transmission time typically depends upon two factors: the link quality of the selected channel and the data length (packet size). To utilize the cumulative capacity of multiple channels in MIMO applications, the assignment of channels to each node should be controlled according to the measured channel quality or the transmission queue status of the node.A MAC protocol design that can switch between MU-MIMO and multiple SU-MIMO transmissions by considering the channel quality and queue status information prior to the actual data transmission (i.e., by exchanging control packets between transmitter and receiver pairs) could address such issues in a simple but in attractive way. In this study, we propose a new MAC protocol that is capable of performing such switching and thereby improve the system performance of very high throughput WLANs. The detailed performance analysis demonstrates that greater benefits can be obtained using the proposed scheme, as compared to conventional MU-MIMO transmission schemes.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
• /
• 제42권12호
• /
• pp.95-102
• /
• 2005

이 논문은 IEEE802.11a/b/g 무선 랜(Wireless LAN) 억세스 포인트(Access Point)의 성능 향상을 목적으로 한다. 하나의 서버, 멀티 Queue이론, FIFS시스템 모델을 이용하여 우선순위를 적용한 다중 버퍼에 변경된 패킷 구조를 적용하고, MAC에 QoS를 적용한 다중 버퍼를 두고 우선순위가 할당된 데이터에 헤더를 붙여 각각 할당된 다중 버퍼로 전송하여 부하시 생기는 전송지연을 해결하여 전송 효율을 높이고 억세스 포인트의 성능을 향상시키는데 있다. 우리는 여기서 일정 모델의 억세스 포인트와 버퍼 사용에 대한 파라메타를 이용한다. IP 패킷 페이로드의 함수로 패킷의 평균 서비스 타임을 분석하여 파라메타에 적용한다. 버퍼에서 패킷 손실이 생기기 전까지의 수를 계산하여 알고리듬에 구현하고 디자인 한다.

• Carbon letters
• /
• 제28권
• /
• pp.60-65
• /
• 2018

Linear carbon chains (LCCs) encapsulated inside the hollow cores of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been experimentally synthesized and structurally characterized by Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. However, in terms of electronic conductivity, their transportation mechanism has not been investigated theoretically or experimentally. In this study, the density of states and quantum conductance spectra were simulated through density functional theory combined with the non-equilibrium Green function method. The encapsulated LCCs inside (5,5), (6,4), and (9,0) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibited a drastic change from metallic to semiconducting or from semiconducting to metallic due to the strong charge transfer between them. On the other hand, the electronic change in the conductance value of LCCs encapsulated inside the (7,4) SWCNT were in good agreement with the superposition of the individual SWCNTs and the isolated LCCs owing to the weak charge transfer.

• Carbon letters
• /
• 제27권
• /
• pp.35-41
• /
• 2018

Surfactant-wrapped separation methods of metallic and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can result in large changes in intrinsic physical and chemical properties due to electronic interactions between a nanotube and a surfactant. Our approach to synthesize SWCNTs with an electronic feature relied on utilizing carbon nanorings, [n] cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs), which are the fundamental unit of armchair type SWCNTs (a-SWCNTs) that possess a metallic feature without any surfactants. To obtain long tubular structures from [n]CPPs, the host-guest complexes formed with well-aligned [n]CPP hosts and various fullerene guests on a silicon substrate were pyrolyzed under an ethanol gas flow at a high temperature with focused-ultraviolet laser irradiation. The pyrolyzed [n]CPPs were observed to transform from nanorings to tubular structures with 1.5-1.7 nm diameters corresponding to the employed diameter of [n]CPPs. Our approach suggests that [n]CPPs are useful for structure-controlled synthesis of SWCNTs.

• Progress in Superconductivity
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.5-8
• /
• 2003

We studied the effect of spin injection on tunneling conduction properties of intrinsic Josephson junctions formed in $Bi_2$$Sr_2$$CaCu_2$$O_{ 8＋x}$ single crystals. properties of an identical stack (10${\times}$5.0${\times}$0.030 $\mu\textrm{m}^3$) of intrinsic Josephson junctions were compared for the bias current injected through Au and Co electrodes. The suppression of the superconducting gap in the $_2$ double layers and the interlayer Josephson critical current was manifested in the tunneling current-voltage characteristics of the stacks. This effect appears to be caused by the pair breaking associated with spin-polarized carriers injected from the Co electrode into the $Bi_2$$Sr_2$$_2$O$CaCu_{ 8＋x}$ single crystal. This study may provide valuable information on clarifying the mechanism of high- $T_{c}$ superconductivity.y.y.

• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 2022

An estimated investment gap of $176 billion needs to be filled over the next ten years to improve America's inland waterway transportation systems. Many of these infrastructure systems are now beyond their original 50-year design life and are often behind in maintenance due to funding constraints. Therefore, long-term maintenance strategies (i.e., asset management (AM) strategies) are needed to optimize investments across these waterway systems to improve their condition. Two common AM strategies include policy-driven maintenance and performance-driven maintenance. Currently, limited research exists on selecting the optimal AM approach for managing inland waterway transportation assets. Therefore, the goal of this study is to provide a decision model that can be used to select the optimal alternative between the two AM approaches by considering key uncertainties such as asset condition, asset test results, and asset failure. We achieve this goal by addressing the decision problem as a single-criterion problem, which calculates each alternative's expected value and certain equivalence using allocated monetary values to determine the recommended alternative for optimally maintaining navigable waterways. The decision model considers estimated and predicted values based on the current state of the infrastructure. This research concludes that the performance-based approach is the optimal alternative based on the expected value obtained from the analysis. This research sets the stage for further studies on fiscal constraints that will effectively optimize these assets condition.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.1087-1095
• /
• 2014

최근 컴퓨터 기술의 발전으로 웨어러블 컴퓨터 기술이 개발되고 있다. 이는 HCI (human-centric interface)기술과 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅 기술을 기반으로 한다. 웨어러블 컴퓨터 시스템은 WiMedia PHY/MAC 기술과 결합된 USB 기술로 WUSB (wireless universal serial bus) 기술을 사용하여 구성할 수 있다. 본 논문은 U-Health 기능을 지원하는 무선 웨어러블 컴퓨터시스템을 구성하기 위해 WUSB기술과 IEEE 802.15.6 WBAN (wireless body area networks) 기술을 결합한 통신시스템 구조에 초점을 맞추었다. 그리고 IEEE 802.15.6 기반 WUSB 통신 구조에서 서로 다른 전송 우선 순위를 갖는 U-health WBAN 트래픽 및 WUSB트래픽의 QoS를 차등화하기 위한 통신 구조를 제안하였다. 제안내용 및 성능 평가에서는 단일 클래스 및 다중 클래스 환경에서 U-health WBAN 및 WUSB 트래픽의 수율 성능을 분석하여, WUSB over IEEE 802.15.6 통신구조에서 QoS 차등화 효율성을 평가하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지C
• /
• 제36C권2호
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 1999

디지털 신호처리용 응용 프로그램의 복잡도가 증가햐면서, 효율적인 컴파일러를 지원하는 DSP 프로세서 구조의 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 많은 범용 레지스터와 직교적(orthogonal)인 명령어 집합을 가지는 RISC프로세서 구조에 메모리 오퍼랜드, 전용 어드레스 계산 유닛, 단일 사이클 MAC 명령어, zero-overhead 하드웨어 루프 등 DSP 프로세서의 구조적 특징을 가하여 효율적인 컴파일러를 가지는 고성능의 RISC 기반 DSP를 구현할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이 네 가지 DSP 아키텍쳐 구성 요소를 지원하는 코드변환기를 개발하고, 이를 이용하여 각각의 DSP 아키텍쳐 구성 요소들을 보완하였을 때 성능에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 평가하였다. 성능 평가 실험에는 C 언어로 작성된 7개의 DSP 벤치마크 프로그램과 QCELP 음성 부호화기를 이용하였으며, 평가 결과를 RISC 프로세서뿐만 아니라 Texas Instruments 사의 TMS320C3x, TMS320C54x, TMS320C5x DSP 프로세서와 비교하였다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제16권10호
• /
• pp.121-129
• /
• 2011

무선 센서 네트워크에서 compromised node는 데이터 병합과정에서 허위 데이터를 삽입할 수 있다. 데이터 병합의 보안성을 위한 기존 접근 방법들은 높은 연산 부하를 요구한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 허위 데이터 삽입 공격 발생 지점을 식별하는데 소요되는 통신 부하를 최소화하는 모니터링 기반 시큐어 데이터 병합 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안된 프로토콜은 허위 데이터 삽입이 탐지되면 모니터링을 수행하고 있던 노드들의 MAC(Message Authentication Code)을 하나의 메시지로 요약하고 이를 BS(Base Station)로 전송하는 방법을 사용하며, BS는 이를 통해 공격 노드를 식별한다. 실험 결과는 제안된 프로토콜이 MAC들의 짧은 연결과 보통 연결을 사용하는 경우, 기존 연구에 비해 각각 45% 및 36% 적은 에너지를 사용하는 것으로 나타났다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제11권11호
• /
• pp.5338-5359
• /
• 2017

In-band full-duplex (IBFD) wireless communication supports symmetric dual transmission between two nodes and asymmetric dual transmission among three nodes, which allows improved throughput for distributed IBFD wireless networks. However, inter-node interference (INI) can affect desired packet reception in the downlink of three-node topology. The current Half-duplex (HD) medium access control (MAC) mechanism RTS/CTS is unable to establish an asymmetric dual link and consequently to suppress INI. In this paper, we propose a medium access control mechanism for use in distributed IBFD wireless networks, FD-DMAC (Full-Duplex Distributed MAC). In this approach, communication nodes only require single channel access to establish symmetric or asymmetric dual link, and we fully consider the two transmission modes of asymmetric dual link. Through FD-DMAC medium access, the neighbors of communication nodes can clearly know network transmission status, which will provide other opportunities of asymmetric IBFD dual communication and solve hidden node problem. Additionally, we leverage FD-DMAC to transmit received power information. This approach can assist communication nodes to adjust transmit powers and suppress INI. Finally, we give a theoretical analysis of network performance using a discrete-time Markov model. The numerical results show that FD-DMAC achieves a significant improvement over RTS/CTS in terms of throughput and delay.