• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.2 s.161
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• pp.189-196
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to find out the purchasing practices and consumer's needs for pet dog apparel to provide useful information for the manufacture of pet dog's apparel. Data were obtained from 203 consumers who have purchased dog apparel(55 male, 148 female). 57.9% of them were 20-30 years old, 27.9% were living in houses, 54.3% were apartment residents. The kinds of dog included were Shihtzu, Martise, and Yorkshireterrier, and 2/3 of the respondents own a single dog, the remainder have at least two dogs. The most important factor to consider when purchasing dog apparel was size, followed by comfort, design, and materials in that order, Most of the apparel was purchased with convenience as the primary consideration, and the average price was 10-30 thousands won, and the items were purchased at pet beauty shops or specialty shops. For materials, it showed that the majority preferred cotton or a cotton mixture which was woven or woven with knit. The survey revealed that the main purposes for the apparel were, in order, to protect the dog from cold weather and direct sunlight, to be good looks and to memorialize a special day. Consumers put the apparel on their dogs 1-3 times per week, on average, and also when they went out for a walk. They were satisfied with the design, color and quality of the material now on the market, but unsatisfied with size and price. They have a preference for cute, but simple designs and a functional style. The respondents wanted to have material that was mild or neutral, stain-resistant, and something that would repel insects.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.7-12
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• 2015

Currently water supply system with water storage is generally applied except for small building such as single-family houses, and water supply system on replacing water storage installed system by direct connecting system has been increasing because of sanitary and energy-saving aspects. The purpose of this study is to evaluate energy-saving and environmental efficiency of direct connecting booster pump system in comparison with the water storage installed system. The architectural condition of the evaluation subject is ten-story apartment house in which sixty households live. To calculate the power consumption of the pump, the volume of water supply was determined from existing data and other data, such as head, efficiency of the pump, was the value used for general application in design office. The power consumption of the water supply pump for one day was 8.5 kWh for direct connecting booster pump system, and 22.5 kWh for water storage installed system, and the former system showed energy savings of 62% compared to the latter system. Reduced power consumption also leads to reduction of $CO_2$ emission. According to the criteria presented in the Korea Energy Management Corporation, reducing the 2,410 kg $CO_2$ emission is possible per year.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.115-123
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the application tendency about the interior elements of the western classical style which appears in Korean residential space. The examined objects were 324 pictures of 99 residential spaces from the different monthly magazines between Sep.1994 to Sep.1999. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The tendency of application according to the kind of space, it has appeared much in Iivingroom, master bedroom and dining room of apartments and houses. As for the single application in residential space, Rococo and Neo-Classic style was shown most, and the cases applied through the mixture of Renaissance style and Nee-classic style appeared most. 2. The tendency of application arroding to the interior elements of space, the wall of Nee-Classic style and the ceiling of Renaissance style, the window and door of Nee-classic style, and the furniture of Rococo style were being applied much.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1188-1190
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• 2003

Taipei Watershed Management Bureau (WRATB) is a government agency entitled for water resources protection at two major watersheds in order to provide drinking water for about four millions population in Taipei on a sustainable basis. At WRATB, there are two major public sewage treatment facilities which can convert sewage in each watershed into an acceptable state before they were discharged into rivers. More than 82% of household wastewater have been collected and treated by the two public sewage systems. However, households at remote area still need more effective sewage management prescriptions. The objective of this paper is to implement geographic information systems in order to provide more effective approaches that sewage management can be easier and cost effective. ArcIMS was implemented for Internet browsing and map server of those sewage facilities on personal computers, laptop computers. In the open field, ArcPAD was implemented with personal digital assistant (PDA) such that compact flash type's global positioning systems (GPS) and digital camera can be utilized with PDA. All sewage facilities digital files were convert into ArcMap format files. MapObjects and visual BASIC were used to create sewage application modules to meet every single technician personal flavor. ASP.NET was implemented for Internet database manipulations of all sewage databases. Mobile GIS was the key component of GIS applications in the open field for sewage management on a basis of house by house. Houses at remote area, which can not cover by the two public sewage systems, were managed by PDA and laptop computers with GPS and digital camera. Sewage management at Taipei Watershed Management Bureau is easier both in the open field and in the office. Integration of GPS, GIS, and PDA makes sewage management in the open field much easier. ArcIMS, MapObjects, ASP.NET and visual BASIC make sewage management can be done in the office and over Internet.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.105-114
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• 2011

There are various kinds of Large-Scale apartment sites in Seoul. There are more households in apartment sites than single family houses. Nowadays, it is easy to find a lot of apartment sites built in the style of a high rise building. On the matter of space, a building is influenced by the buildings near it. The influence a building has to another is different in both qualitative and quantitative ways. Therefore, in the case of apartment sites, the environmental surroundings of each household is affected by the nearby buildings. For these reasons, the environment is having more and more influence on the price of each household in apartment sites. This paper has defined Sunshine and Sky as the major environmental elements. In order to be analyzed, they have to be measurable. Thus, there are two types of variables in environmental surrounding of apartment sites, -the Duration of Sunshine and the possible amount of visible Sky- the significant variables which influence the housing price. This paper deals with the relationship between the possible duration of sunshine and the possible amount of sky a household is visible to. It focused on 62 different apartment sites which were built after 1990. It is based on the 3-dimensional Geographic Information System & Computer Aided Engineering for analyzing the sunshine simulation and the viewing simulation. This paper will be helpful for designing the apartment sites considering the balance between sunshine and sky.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.17-38
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• 2009

Preferences on living arrangement and residence of the elderly depend on various changing factors as they get old. Among those factors, predictable and crucial factors are the condition of their health and spouse. Thus, this study is focused on living arrangement and the residential preference of the elderly according to their health and existence of a spouse. A sample of 500 elderly aged over 65 is analyzed by $x^2$ test, and multiple logistic regression. The results could be summarized as follows; First, 45.2% of the elderly who participated in this survey prefer 'living apart from their children but living close by'. And 19.8% of the elderly want to 'live with their children'. Second, the elderly with a spouse and the elderly who live apart from their children tend to prefer living independently. Third, the elderly with good health living in single-family houses and the elderly with high self-esteem tend to prefer the residential facilities for the elderly. Fourth, the elderly with health problems who have generous allowances and live in a city tend to prefer the residential facilities for the elderly. Fifth, factors such as gender, age, condition of health, allowances, living regions, type of house, self-esteem influence residential preferences of the elderly without a spouse. Older men with more allowances, in good health, living in row house and apartment, in a mid-size city tend to prefer living in the residential facilities for the elderly.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.7-14
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• 2013

Ikseon-Dong 166 is one of the traditional urban resident area developed during 1930's. The purpose of this research is to analyze the structural relationship between a conventional housing unit plans and modern block plans based on orthogonal geometry. To fully explore the selling point of the new urban development, the planner or real estate developer in private sector did not abandon or compromise the conventional house layouts, consists of single layer of rooms keeping the main room facing south. This study concludes the following factors connecting the urban and architectural plans. Oblong block plans following east-west direction did not allow the southern exposure of courtyard and main room, which was the absolute requirement for traditional house units, the longer side of block plan followed north-south direction as a result. Considering the possibility of rent, having entrance at the east or west side of individual site enables two separate household maintain their spatial privacy. In addition to the factors mentioned above, when the blocks are to be divided into individual addresses, north-south oblong block plans maintained the length to face the front road minimum while the southern exposure maximized. These factors explains why the private developers maintained their blocks elongated to north-south direction when the block plans laied out by public sectors which did not care that much of southern exposure show random orientation in the view point of solar exposure.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.19-26
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to classify roof styles about high-rise apartment complexes in these days. Specially, it is focused on those in Daegu city. It has analyzed for 75 apartment complexes in Daegu city. Those complexes are all over 300 houses each and were built from 2004 to 2007. Generally, roof styles about high-rise apartment complexes are classed as a flat roof style and a slope-sided roof style. Types of the flat roof style were divided a flat roof style and a eyebrows roof style. And, types of the slope-sided roof style were divided a single slope-sided roof style, a gable roof style, and a hipped roof style. The curved roof style didn't show up at these cases. According to this study, the slope-sided roof style including the gable roof style was revealed the most common roof style about high-rise apartment complexes in Daegu city from 2004 to 2007. Among 76 cases of roof styles, the number of the gable roof style is 52, and the number of flat roof style is 18. Each roof style was changed for more decorative shape. Specially, in case of the flat roof style, 17 cases for 18 cases are built as a decorative flat roof style. and, 15 for 52 gable roof style cases are built as a decorative style, too. According this case study, we are able to know that the sort of roof style was advanced variously and decoratively, and the shape of roof style was combined more than 2 decorative factors. The roof style of high-rise apartment complex in future will be more various and decorative than this time and will be develop compositively.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.103-112
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• 2013

The Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal(Nepal) is one of the poorest country in the world. People in Nepal are having lots of housing problems including the lack of housing provision. Even Habitat for Humanity Nepal (HfH_Nepal) has developed various programs to diffuse ecological housing, still there are many problems due to financial and technological shortage. The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of suggestion of performance improvement for HfH_Nepal eco house with introduction of the housing situation and efforts to provide sustainable housing by HfH_Nepal in Terai plain. Ideas on CGI sheet roof with poor insulation, double panel bamboo wall and adobe brick wall which can overcome structural and waterproof flaws of the thin single panel bamboo wall. The experiment result shows that both ideas adapted to adobe brick house reduces daily temperature range 50.8% and humidity adjust effect. For the effective provision of adobe brick house, compressive strength was tested for the bricks made with locally available fiber materials. Brick with jute displayed 41.1% betterment than plain brick with closest packing condition while coconut and straw showed 25.1% and 7.9% improvement respectively. Technical and economic problems brought up during the building and experiment process were listed and countermeasures established. This kinds of building prototype houses and experiments can improve the living conditions of people in developing countries with little supplement of resources. Furthermore, consideration of locally available and affordable material can help the social and ecological sustainability in the world.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.45-60
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• 2009

This study was designed to examine the meaning of housing in modern Korea, and to draw the interrelationship of people and housing. In-depth interviews were conducted, and the qualitative research investigated various aspects of housing history among four individuals during the different phases of social and economic transitions. Each narratives showed the unique characteristics of life history, and the conceptual frameworks for interpretation were microsociological approach by Morris and Winter(1978) and pathway approach by Clapham(2005). One narrater named "K" had gone through various housing experiences since her birth in 1933 at a traditional Korean housing, and she moved to a traditional rural community. Another narrater called "S" was born in housing built during the Japanese colonization, gained wealth through the housing boom of the industrialization, and has lived in a suburban condominium. "G" spent her entire life in an urban area, had never owned a house, and lived in a house with poor quality. The other narrater named "L" had lived in a single-family home with a large yard since her childhood, and she has resided in multi-family housing by herself after having a lot of experiences of building houses. The results revealed that housing could play as a simple role as a shelter, be transformed over family life cycle, become prestige of extended family, social and family status, investment. Meaning of housing from the pathway approach were closely related to hometown, the relation to birth family at postmarriage, economic status, and housing experiences according to the social change. As a conclusion, the meaning of housing is vary, and housing conveys numerous implications including psychological, social and economic aspects.