• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.41-47
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• 2001

This study was undertaken to examine the differences between normal vocal technique and abnormal vocal technique because of diseases in respiratory system(emphysema). The breath control for vocalizing with diaphragmatic respiration must be sustained clearly. But if there is an abnormality in lung(emphysema), it is not sustained to hold diaphragmatic respiration when we sing. In order to examine the differences of the width in diaphragmatic respiration among professional singer's case, non professional case and the case of respiratory disturbance, Shimadzu X-ray remote control TV system was used. The results obtained were summerized as follows: When we vocalize, breath control is very important not only to sustain a resonance but also to form focus for being scattered to cranial resonance. We must know the differences between normal and abnormal diaphrogmatic respiration in order to teach vocal technique right. professional singer's vocal technique with Piaphragmatic respiration was better than that compared with non professional case and respiratory disturbance. Non professional case was very similar to the case of respiratory disturvance in diaphragmatic respiration until 10 sec. after full inhalation, but diaphragmatic respiration in the case of 20 sec. after full inhalation was very different.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.378-390
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• 2001

In this paper, it is analyzed that the error performance of a Multi-Carrier DS-CDMA system in a single cell with multipath Rician fading and multiple access interference (MAI) and the error performance of the system is compared with that of a Sing1e-Carrier DS-CDMA system. Moreover, the convolutional coding techniques with code rate of 1/2, 1/3, and 1/4 are adopted in order to improve the error performance degraded by the multipath fading and MAI and performance improvement through the coding techniques is analyzed. As a result, it is shown that the number of users in each system can be determined by the number of branches of the rake receiver in a Single-Carrier DS-CDMA system and the number of carriers in a Multi-Carrier DS-CDMA system. Furthermore, the convolutional coding should be chosen with considering the trade-off between coding gain and a power limitation in a Multi-Carrier DS-CDMA system. In case of increasing the number of carriers, the processing gain is decreased but the error performance is improved through the effect of frequency diversity and the system can be possibility implemented due to the low chip rate.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.44 no.2 s.314
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• pp.47-59
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• 2007

Recently, Healthcare system has not been standardized and has been developed as an embedded system lacking interoperability. We are finally going to face such problems as having excessive load in using network caused by the uncontrolled spread of system and un-guaranteed interoperability among the heterogeneous systems. We suggest the possibility that OSGi and JADE can be accepted as a solution for the above problems.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.17-27
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of close kinetic chain(CKC) and open kinetic chain(OKC) posion on proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation applied to the unilateral upper extremity on the muscle activation of lower extremity. All subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: open kinetic chain group(n=5),closed kinetic chain group(n=5). All participants were PNF patterns applied on the unilateral upper extremity in all subjects were the kinetic chain(CKC) and open kinetic chain(OKC) posion on flexion/abduction/external rotation. The hold and approximation techniques for the irradiation were applied to end range. All measurements for each subject took the following tests: pre-test, post - test in 4weeks, post-testin 8weeks. EMG data was collected from the vastus medialis, tibialis anterior, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius muscle of both lower extreamity using surface EMG system, Each EMG value in individual muscle was normalized for maximal voluntary contraction. The data were analyzed using Two-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) with repeated measures to determine the statistical significances. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, during for close kinetic chain(CKC) and open kinetic chain(OKC) posion on PNF pattern application, all of the %MVIC values of close kinetic chain and open kinetic chain posion increased sign ificantly compared(p<0.05). Second, The close kinetic chain(CKC) and open kinetic chain(OKC) posion on PNF pattern application was significantly increased with in the intervention period(p<.05). Third, there was a no significant open kinetic chain posion on PNF pattern application of sing muscle group with in the intervention period.(p<0.05) there was a significant close kinetic chain posion on PNF pattern application of sing muscle group with with in the intervention period(p<0.05). Forth, interaction of the exercise position and muscle was also significant. Post-hoc tests revealed that the activation levels of vastus medialis muscle and tibialis anterior muscle was higher in the closed kinetic chain position(p<.05). that the activation levels of vastus medialis and gastrocnemius muscle was higher in the open kinetic chain position(p<.05). In conclusion, it was found that the application of PNF patterns to the unilateral upper extremity effect on the muscle activation of lower extremity and both open kinetic chain exercise and closed kinetic chain exercise was significantly increased muscle activity. Further studies are needed to analyzed long term effects and subjects resulting from these changed.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.36-44
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• 2009

In this paper, we suggest a system of detecting a vehicle with lane violation, which can detect the vehicle with lane violation, by using the feature point tracking. The whole algorithm in the suggested system of detecting a vehicle with lane violation is composed of three stages such as feature extraction, register and tracking in feature for the tracking-targeted vehicle, and detecting a vehicle with lane violation. In the stage of feature extraction, the feature is extracted from the inputted image by sing the feature-extraction algorithm available for the real-time processing. The extracted features are again selected the racking-targeted feature. The registered feature is tracked by using NCC(normalized cross correlation). Finally, whether or not lane violation is finally detected by using information on the tracked features. As a result of experimenting the suggested system by using the acquired image in the section with a ban on intervention, the excellent performance was shown with 99.09% for positive recognition ratio and 0.9% for error ratio. The fast processing speed could be obtained in 34.48 frames per second available for real-time processing.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.753-761
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• 2014

Growth and flowering of Cymbidium 'Red Fire' and 'Yokihi' plants were examined in a greenhouse with cooling systems in summer, and with night interruption (NI) lighting in winter as a forcing culture system. The greenhouse was divided into two sections with separate cooling controls during the summer season. One section was cooled by a mist system (mist), while the other section was cooled by a shade screen (shade). During the winter, the greenhouse was redivided into three sections within each cooling system. Plants were grown with NI either at a low light intensity of $3-7{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$(LNI) or a high l ight intensity of $120{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$(HNI) u sing h igh-pressure sodium l amps during the 22:00-02:00 HR. The control plants were grown under 9 h short-day condition. NI for 16 weeks and cooling for 9 weeks were employed twice during the 2 years of the experimental period. The air temperature was approximately $2^{\circ}C$ lower in the mist than in the shade and the relative humidity was 80 ${\pm}5%$ in the mist compared to $55{\pm}5%$ in the shade. The daily light integral in the mist section was 48% higher than in the shade section. The time from initial planting to flowering pseudobulb emergence decreased with both LNI and HNI for both cultivars, regardless of the cooling treatments. Under NI conditions, however, between 60% and 1 00% of plants of both cultivars flowered in the mist, whereas no or 20% of 'Red Fire' or 'Yokihi' plants, respectively, flowered in the shade treatment over 2 years. Plants grown under the mist had bigger pseudobulbs than those grown in the shade under both NI treatments. These results show that commercial use of NI in winter and a mist cooling system in summer would decrease crop production time to 2 years and increase profits in Cymbidium forcing culture.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1976

For the purpose of investigating the distribution and flora of wild mushrooms in Korea, this study was conducted primarily on the genus Amanita. Through survey of Suweon, Kwangneung, Mt. Chiri, Taegwanryung, Yeongdong district and Mt. Hanta, 25 species of Amanita including 3 unrecorded species were discovered and are described in this paper. The author proposes to group 25 Korean species of Amanita into 3 subgenera according to morphological characteristics by the modern taxonomic system, and also designated the 3 unrecorded species of Amanita including one variety in Korean common name.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 1994

The purpose of the study is to establ ish models of land Cover (use) prediction system for development and management of land resources using remotely sensed data as well as ancillary data in the context of multi-dis¬ciplinary approach in the application to CheJoo Island. The model adopts multi-date processing techniques and is a spatial/temporal land-Cover projection strategy emerged as a synthesis of the probability tra-nsition model and the discrimnant-analys is model. A discriminant modelis applied to all pixels in CheJoo landscape plane to predict the most likely change in land Cover. The probability transition model provides the number of these pixels that will convert to different land Cover in a given future time increment. The syntheric model predicts the future change in land Cover and its volume of pixels in the landscape plane.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.181-208
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• 2004

By the developing of Internet. the environments of the company have rapidly been changed. Especially. managers in the Internet shoppingmall have been try to provide excellent e-Services to their customers. e-Service i~ defined comprised of all interactive services that are delivered on the Internet uSing advanced telecommunications. information, and multimedia technologies. but according to study of e-Satisfy. com［2000］. customer service through internet is still neither effective nor efficient and poor service will impact on company's profit but excellent service can improve their value and quality of the service or product. In order to customer-oriented e-Services. this study suggested the QFD linked with e-Service quality model for the Internet shoppingmall service system. which can help determine design characteristics being relevant to customer's e-Service quality requirements. this hybrid model have two stages. In the first stage. we do measure service quality and find priorities of service quality attribute by purchase process. and in the second stage. on the basis of priority of e-Service quality attributes, we find design characteristics to maximize customer satisfaction. From this study, we provide internet shoppingmall managers with the implications for improvement of service quality, measuring quality of e-service, providing design characteristics for customer-oriented service quality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.237-242
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• 2001

The stochiometric mix of evaporating materials for the CuGaSe$_2$ single crystal thin films was prepared from horizontal furnace. To obtain the single crystal thin films, CuGaSe$_2$ mixed crystal was deposited on thoroughly etched semi-insulating GaAs(100) substrate by the Hot Wall Epitaxy (HWE) system. The source and substrate temperature were 610$^{\circ}C$ and 450$^{\circ}C$, respectively The crystalline structure of single crystal thin films was investigated by the photoluminescence and double crystal X-ray diffraction (DCXD). From the photocurrent spectrum by illumination of perpendicular light on the c-axis of the CuGaSe$_2$ single crystal thin film, we have found that the values of spin orbit splitting Δ So and the crystal field splitting ΔCr were 91 meV and 249.8 meV at 20 K, respectively. From the Photoluminescence measurement on CuGaSe$_2$ single crystal thin film, we observed free excition (Ex) existing only high quality crystal and neutral bound exiciton (D$^{\circ}$,X) having very strong peak intensity. Then, the full-width-at-half-maximum(FWHM) and binding energy 7f neutral acceptor bound excision were 8 meV and 35.2 meV, respectivity. By Haynes rule, an activation energy of impurity was 355.2 meV