• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.63-77
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• 2016

Objectives The objective of this study is to interpretate Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in [Jebyungwonhuron Huhrobyungjehu] in a modern kinesiologic approach. Methods Based on the interpretation of [Jebyungwonhuron Huhrobyungjehu] and implementation of its kinesiology, this study presents similar kinesiologies and their purposed, with the reference to various documents on modern kinesiology. Results 1) Exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in [Jebyungwonhuron Huhrobyungjehu], which are similar to resistance exercise, can be used for isometric exercise of knee joint extensor and cervical extensor. 2) Exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in [Jebyungwonhuron Huhrobyungjehu], which are similar to stretching exercise, has its purpose to stretch semitendinosus m., semimembranous m., gastrocnemius m., quadriceps femoris m., upper trapezius m., levator scapulae m., serratus m., and splenius capitis m. 3) Exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in [Jebyungwonhuron Huhrobyungjehu], which are similar to active exercise, can be used for strengthen quadriceps femoris m.. 4) Yangsaeng-Doinibub also describes breathing methods, which help normalization of breathing exercised and increase the efficiency of spine and joint exercises. Conclusions The modern interpretation on kinesiology of Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in [Jebyungwonhuron Huhrobyungjehu] leads to a conclusion that Yangsaeng-Doinbub consists of various exercises for knee joint, neck and upper extremity.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.213-231
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• 2014

Existing image search systems allow users to search images by keywords, or by example images through content-based image retrieval (CBIR). On the other hand, users might learn more relevant textual information about an image from its text captions or surrounding contexts within documents or Web pages. Without such contexts, it's difficult to extract semantic description directly from the image content. In this paper, we propose an annotation watermarking system for users to embed text descriptions, and retrieve more relevant textual information from similar images. First, tags associated with an image are converted by two-dimensional code and embedded into the image by discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Next, for images without annotations, similar images can be obtained by CBIR techniques and embedded annotations can be extracted. Specifically, we use global features such as color ratios and dominant sub-image colors for preliminary filtering. Then, local features such as Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) descriptors are extracted for similarity matching. This design can achieve good effectiveness with reasonable processing time in practical systems. Our experimental results showed good accuracy in retrieving similar images and extracting relevant tags from similar images.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

Recently, the problem of plagiarism has emerged as a big social issue because not only literature but also thesis become the target of plagiarism. Even the government requires conformation for plagiarism of high-ranking official's thesis as a standard of their ethical morality. Plagiarism is not just direct copy but also paraphrasing, rewording, adapting parts, missing references or wrong citations. This makes the problem more difficult to handle adequately. We propose a plagiarism detection scheme called a bit signature in which each unique word of document is represented by 0 or 1. The bit signature scheme can find the similar documents by comparing their absolute and relative bit signatures. Experiments show that a bit signature scheme produces better performance for document copy detection than existing similar schemes.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제49권
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• pp.325-358
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• 2011

The purpose of this study aims to analyse the implications of volume contract clause with Rotterdam Rules. The Hague-Visby Rules have been in force this jurisdiction for over 30 years. In those three decades they have performed valiant service, both for the development of maritime law in this country and for the countless parties from around the world who have chosen courts and arbitral tribunals in London for the resolution of disputes arising under bills of lading or under charterparties incorporating the Hague-Visby Rules. While the Hague-Visby Rules apply only to bills of lading or any other similar documents of title and hence all other contracts of carriage are not subject to the current regime, this is not the case for the Rotterdam Rules which, broadly speaking, apply to contracts of carriage whether or not a shipping document or electronic transport record is issued. To preserve freedom of contract where necessary, however, a number of significant concessions were made and Article 80 represents one of the most controversial: that of volume contracts. However, the provision lends itself to abuse under each one of the elements as there is no minimum quantity, period of time or frequency and the minimum number of shipments is clearly just two. This means that important contracts of affreighment concluded pursuant to, for example, oil supply agreements have the same right to be excluded from the scope of application of the Rotterdam Rules. The fact that a volume contract may incorporate by reference the carrier's public schedule of services and the transport document or other similar documents as terms of the contract would make a carefully drafted booking note for consecutive shipments a potential volume contract as well.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제41권7호
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• pp.59-71
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• 2003

Koreans were started moving to Yunhaju in Russia for escaping from tyrannical rule and famine in 1860's in Korea. Social and political situation of Russia were made it very hard to get to know about Korean's life there so far. But it was known that Korean Diaspora has been kept traditional way of living in without contacts between Korea for 140 years. This study examined the dwellings of Korean Diaspora in Yunhaju through reviewing related documents and records firstly and had a time to visit places which Koreans lived since 1860's for example Posyet(equation omitted), Suifen(equation omitted), Ussuriisk(equation omitted), Vladivostok(equation omitted), Partizansk(equation omitted) and took interviews with Koreans who lived there pre 1930's. Results of research were as following : 1) A first place to settle down for Koreans in Yunhaju was Posye(equation omitted) and scattered as time goes by far away from there. 2) Koreans were helping each other for living and they had their own self managing organizations in village there. 3) The villages which was made in Yunhaju by Koreans in the beginning were similar to traditional ones in Korea. 4) It was verified that dwellings which was built by Koreans in Yunhaju were similar to ones in north area in Korea. At that time lots of Korean Diaspora came from north part and they kept their own traditional way of building houses there for a long time. 5) Korean Diaspora have been kept traditional heating system ‘Ondol’ in their various types of houses until now in Yunhaju. Moreover, it is known that Russians prefer to set ‘Ondol’ in their houses recently as a very special and expensive heating system. This study would be a very good opportunity to standing out Korean history of housing in Yunhaju as well as evaluating their identification as Koreans. For this, it is needed to take more deep research in specific areas which could see more various types of housing and could compare ones between two countries.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2019

조세 심판에 대한 선결정례는 법원 판례의 경우 유사 심판례를 검색하여 파악하는 것이 매우 중요한 상황이다. 그러나 기존 심판문에 대한 검색은 사용자가 입력하는 키워드를 통하여 검색하는 방법을 사용하고 있으나, 정확한 키워드의 입력이 필요하며, 키워드를 모르는 경우 필요한 문서를 검색하는 것은 불가능하다. 또한 검색된 문서 중에는 내용이 다른 경우도 발생한다. 이에 본 논문에서는 정확한 심판례의 검색을 위하여 문서를 3차원 공간에 벡터화하고, 코사인 유사도를 계산하여, 거리상 가까운 문서를 검색하는 방법의 효율성을 향상시키기 위하여 심판례에서 사용되고 있는 단어들의 유사도를 분석한 후, 최빈값을 추출하여 본문의 텍스트에 삽입하는 방법으로 검색하고자 하는 문서의 코사인 유사도를 향상시키는 방안을 제안한다. 제안 모델을 통하여 조세와 관련된 심판례를 검색하고자 하는 사용자에게 신속하고, 정확한 검색을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2007

본 논문은 시맨틱 웹의 실현을 위해서는 필수적인 작업인 웹문서의 의미를 자동으로 태깅할 수 있는 시스템에 관한 것이다. 웹상의 방대한 자원을 일일이 사람이 수작업으로 의미를 태깅한다는 것은 사실상 불가능하기 때문에 한국어 웹문서를 대상으로 대량의 학습 데이터를 수집하고 자연어처리 기법과 시소러스를 이용하여 특징을 추출한 후 SVM 기계학습을 통하여 개념분류기를 구축하였다. 한국어의 특징을 파악하여 의미 태깅에 필요한 특징 정보를 추출하기 위해서 형태소 분석과 구문 분석을 하였다. 추출된 특징정보는 가도카와 시소러스의 의미코드를 이용하여 학습벡터로 구성되는데, 이는 유사한 단어나 구를 하나의 개념코드로 매핑하여 시스템의 재현율을 높이는 역할을 하게 된다. 실험결과 자동 의미 태깅 분야에서 본 접근방법의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.129-145
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 구조화된 웹문서에서 자동으로 정보를 추출하고 추출된 정보를 통합하는 정보추출 시스템을 제안한다. 제안한 시스템은 레이블(label)이 없는 엔티티를 인식하기 위해 확률 기반 엔티티 인식 방법을 이용하며, 추출된 데이터를 이용하여 기존의 도메인 지식을 반자동으로 확장하는 기능을 제공한다. 게다가 기본 페이지에 링크된 하위 링크의 정보를 추출하는 기능을 제공하며, 도메인에 대한 이종의 정보 소스로부터 얻어진 유사 추출 결과를 통합하는 기능을 제공한다. 실험 결과, 도메인 지식만을 이용하여 웹 정보추출 시스템을 평가하였을 경우의 성능에 비해 하위링크의 정보를 추출하거나 확률 기반으로 레이블을 추론하여 추출 시스템을 평가한 경우의 성능이 상당히 향상됨을 보인다. 아울러 본 논문에서 제안하는 웹 정보추출 시스템은 도메인별로 시스템을 융통성 있게 적용시킬 수 있기 때문에 보다 다양한 정보들을 추출할 수 있다. 자동 도메인 지식의 확장이나 확률적 엔티티 인식 방법은 도메인 지식을 이용하는 프로그램이 추출할 수 있는 정보의 질을 증대시키기 때문에, 사용자의 만족도를 극대화시킬 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 따라서 본 시스템은 인터넷상의 영화 사이트나 공연 사이트 혹은 음식점 사이트에 대해서 정보를 추출해서 사용자의 지적 호기심을 충족시켜줄 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 다양한 비교 시스템을 구축할 수 있기 때문에 전자 상거래의 활성화에도 기여한다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제22권
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• pp.137-171
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• 2004

Under Article 2 of the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (1993 Revision. UCP), letter of credit means an arrangement whereby an issuing bank is to make a payment to a beneficiary, or is to accept and pay bills of exchange drawn by the beneficiary, or authorises another bank to effect such payment, or to accept and pay such bills of exchange, or to negotiate, against stipulated document(s), provided that the terms and conditions of the letter of credit are complied with. In letter of credit operations, all parties concerned deal with documents, and not with goods, services and/or other performances to which the documents may relate (UCP, Article 4). It is important to note that under UCP, if a letter of credit contains conditions without stating the document(s) to be presented in compliance therewith, banks will deem such conditions as not stated and will disregard them (Article 13 c). Section 5-108(g) of the Uniform Commercial Code also contains a similar provision. However on several occasions the Korean Supreme Court held that non-documentary conditions in letter of credit governed by UCP could be regarded as valid, although they were not desirable in the context of letter of credit transactions. The rationale underlying the decisions was that parties to the letter of credit transactions are free to determine the terms and conditions of the relevant letter of credit. After reviewing the relevant provisions of UCP, UCC, the International Standby Practices (ISP98) and the Supreme Court decisions of Korea, the author suggests that we classify conditions that do not require any documents (so called apparent non-documentary conditions) into two categories and treat them differently. There are apparent non-documentary conditions that are consistent with the nature of letter of credit and those which are inconsistent with the nature of letter of credit. In the first category there are two sub-categories, (i) those which are valid and (ii) those which are invalid and thus should be disregarded. In the second category there are two sub-categories, (i) those which are invalid and thus should be disregarded and (ii) those which are valid but deprive the instrument of the nature as letter of credit.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제19B권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2012

정보검색에서 많은 검색 결과 문서들을 효율적으로 다루기 위해 군집화 기술을 사용하고 있지만, 대체로 군집화의 정확률은 일부 영역에서만 요구 사항을 만족시키고 있다. 본 논문에서는 검색 결과 문서들의 군집화 정확률을 향상시키기 위한 두 가지 방법을 제안한다. 첫째는 군집화 과정에서 흔히 쓰이지만 낮은 가중치를 가진 범용어를 정의하고, 검색 결과들을 비교하여 범용어를 자동 수집하고 그의 가중치를 계산하는 방법을 제안한다. 실험 결과 불용어에 비해 범용어를 사용했을 때 군집화 오류의 34%가 개선되었다. 둘째는 집단평균연결 방식의 군집화 알고리즘으로 일차 군집들을 생성 후, 문서와 군집 간의 유사도를 측정하여 가장 유사도가 높은 군집으로 문서를 재분류하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 네이버 지식인 카테고리를 이용한 군집 결과의 비교 실험을 통해 일차 군집보다 재분류된 군집의 정확률이 1.81% 향상되는 것을 확인하였다.