• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권2호
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• pp.208-213
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• 2007

This study is designed to provide forest managers and landowners with tools to estimate the effect of forest management on carbon storage, investigating living tree biomass, detritus, and harvested wood products as variables. Thinning, selection cutting, and uncutting were applied to the three different forest types in New York, USA. Carbon storage of the original stands was 90, 56, and $101Mg\;ha^{-1}$ at the Allegheny hardwood forest, Northern hardwood forest, and Oak - black cherry forest, respectively. Among treatments, uncutting generally stored the greatest amount carbon. However, the rate of carbon storage was the smallest at the uncut treatment in all the sites. The 50% thinning, 50% selection, and 50% thinning treatments were the highest rate of carbon storage at the Allegheny hardwood forest, Northern hardwood forest, and Oak - cherry forest, respectively. In this study, only short term was applied to simulate carbon sequestration after silvicultural treatment. So, more research is needed to determine whether any silvicultural treatment can store significantly more carbon than no treatment over the long term.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 2005년도 춘계학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.278-292
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• 2005

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2008

Growth and yield prediction methods, ranging from whole-stand models to individual-tree models, have been developed for forest types managed for wood production. The resultant models are used for a host of purposes including inventory updating, management planning, evaluation of silvicultural alternatives, and harvest scheduling. Because of the large investment in developing growth and yield models for improved genotypes and silvicultural practices for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) in the Southern United States, this region serves to illustrate approaches for modelling intensively managed forests. Analytical methods and computing power generally do not restrict development of reliable growth and yield models. However, long-term empirical observations on stand development, which are time consuming and expensive to obtain, often limit modelling efforts. Given that growth and yield models are used to project present volumes and to evaluate alternative treatment effects, data of both the inventory type and the experimental type are needed. Data for developing stand simulators for loblolly pine plantations have been obtained from a combination of permanent plots in operational forest stands and silvicultural experiments; these data collection efforts are described and summarized. Modelling is essential for integrating and synthesizing diverse information, identifying knowledge gaps, and making informed decisions. The questions being posed today are more complex than in the past, thus further accentuating the need for comprehensive models for stand development.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.338-351
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• 2018

This study was conducted in a long-term experimental forest in the central hardwoods region of southwestern Michigan to retrospectively examine the role of past forest management practices and climate on red oak (Quercus rubra L.) productivity. Initially, in 1971, plots within the experimental forest were treated separately with a clearcut and shelterwood regeneration harvest in an attempt to increase red oak regeneration. From 1987-1989, a new study was initiated within a portion of the clearcut and shelterwood plots to evaluate the effectiveness of additional oak crop tree release using mechanical and chemical applications. Cumulative diameter and mortality rates of 719 red oaks were monitored across the four silvicultural treatments: Clearcut-A (clearcut without additional release treatment), Clearcut-B (clearcut with additional release treatment), Shelterwood-A (shelterwood without additional release), and Shelterwood-B (shelterwood with additional release) plus an untreated control. Increment cores were obtained from red oak trees and neighboring competitor species. Tree-ring analyses (dendrochronology) were applied to examine the effect of these silvicultural treatments and climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) on red oak productivity. The results indicated that crop tree release following a clearcut or shelterwood harvest reduced mortality rates and thus increased survival of red oak. Red oak in control plots or plots only receiving the initial regeneration harvesting treatment and no additional competition release were negatively affected by climatic stress, which included summer moisture stress. In contrast, red oak in plots that received the competition release treatment from shade tolerant tree species not only had higher tree level productivity (i.e., tree basal area) and lower mortality rates, but were also relatively more resilient to climatic stress by showing limited or no associations between climate and growth.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2008

Clearcutting has been the dominant harvesting method in British Columbia (representing 95% of the total area harvested annually). However forest managers are increasingly recommending the use of alternative silvicultural systems and harvest methods, including various types of partial cutting, to meet ecological and social objectives. In this study we compared harvesting productivity and harvesting costs between treatments through detailed and shift level time studies in 300-350 year-old Interior Cedar-Hemlock stands in British Columbia, Canada. Recommendations for improving operational planning/layout and the implementation of clearcut and partial cutting silvicultural systems were made. Harvesting costs varied in the ground-based clearcut treatments from $10.95/$m^3$ - $15.96/$m^3$ and $16.09/$m^3$ - $16.93/$m^3$ in the group selection treatments. The ground-based group retention treatment had a cost of $13.39/$m^3$, while the cable clearcut had a cost of $15.70/$m^3$. An understanding of the traditional and alternative wood products that could be derived from the harvested timber was imperative to increasing the amount of merchantable volume and reducing the corresponding harvesting costs. Stand damage was greatest in the group selection treatments; however, mechanized felling showed an increase in stand damage over manual felling while grapple skidding showed a decrease in skidding damage compared to line skidding.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.85-98
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• 2022

Background: Korean white pine (Pinus koraiensis) is a major commercial species, and the importance of the oak trees (Quercus spp.) is increasing due to various factors such as environmental and ecological values. However, more information is required to clearly understand the growth characteristics of these species especially regarding thinning intensity. This study was performed to provide the basic information to develop the silvicultural guideline and field manual by analyzing tree and stand characteristics in line with thinning intensity in the Korean white pine plantation and oak-dominated natural deciduous forest. Results: Diameter at breast height (DBH) and volume changes by the thinning intensity in the Korean white pine plantation were significantly different from those in the oak-dominated deciduous natural forest. In particular, DBH distribution in the pine stand appeared that there were more large diameter trees as the thinning intensity was higher. DBH periodic annual increment (PAI) of the pine stand was higher as the thinning intensity was stronger and the growth period was shorter. This trend was similarly shown in the natural deciduous forest, but the amount of PAI was smaller than in pine stand. The volume PAI after thinning was not decreased over time. In each stand type, the PAI tended to be lower as stand density was higher. The volume PAI in the pine stand was significantly higher than that in the oak-dominated natural deciduous forest. Dead trees occurred the most in the unthinned plots of each stand type, and those were higher in the natural deciduous forest. Ingrowth trees were observed only in the natural deciduous forest, and its distribution was the lowest in unthinned plots; Korean white pine as ingrowth occurred the most frequently among many tree species. Conclusions: Different effects of thinning treatment on DBH and volume PAI, mortality, and ingrowth were observed for each stand. With respect to forest growth, Korean white pine plantation was superior to the oak-dominated natural deciduous forest. The results of this study offer fundamental information for the development of silvicultural guidelines for Korean white pine plantations and oak-dominated natural deciduous forests in Korea.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제104권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2015

숲 조성을 위한 조림체계(silvicultural systems)에서 건전한 묘목 생산은 매우 중요한 단계이다. 이 연구의 목적은 포지의 토양 개량이 물푸레나무, 소나무, 잣나무 묘목의 생장과 양분함량에 미치는 영향을 구명하는 것이다. 장기간 사용된 국유 포지 위에 새로운 토양을 30 cm 높이로 쌓은 '객토', 굴삭기를 이용하여 기존 포지를 깊이 100 cm까지 뒤집기 한 '심토뒤집기', 그리고 기존 포지 토양과 객토를 1:1로 혼합하여 30 cm 높이로 쌓은 '혼합' 처리를 3반복 처리한 후 토양특성, 생장 및 양분변화를 분석하였다. 미사와 점토의 함량은 심토뒤집기 처리에서 가장 높았고 유기물, 질소, 인 함량은 객토 처리구에서 가장 낮았다. 물푸레나무의 생장은 객토 처리에서 유의하게 낮았고 다른 수종에서는 처리 간 차이가 없었다. 물푸레나무 묘목의 식물체 조직 양분 농도는 모두 뿌리에서만 유의한 차이가 있었고, 질소, 인, 칼륨 농도는 심토뒤집기 또는 객토 처리에서 가장 낮았다. 물푸레나무는 혼합 처리에서 흡수한 질소량에 비해 생장이 더 증가하여 식물체 농도는 감소하고 양분 함량은 증가하는 '양분희석' 현상을 보였다. 이 연구는 기존 포지 토양과 객토를 1:1로 혼합한 방법이 경제적이면서도 악화된 포지 토양을 개량할 수 있음을 보여주고 있다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.41-54
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• 2016

The production of high quality seedlings is a very important phase in silvicultural systems for successful reforestation or restoration. The purpose of this study was to measure both growth performances and nutrient responses of Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Pinus densiflora seedlings, which are commercially planted in Korea, according to soil improvement treatments. We applied 8 types of soil improvements: control with no treatment, compost B and compost Y as organic materials, vermiculite, perlite, two level of zeolite, and mix of vermiculite, perlite, and zeolite as inorganic materials in a permanent national nursery. Only compost B treatment significantly increased soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium and calcium at the 0-10 cm soil depth. The growth of F. rhynchophylla and P. densiflora was the highest at the compost B treatment and the lowest at the vermiculate treatment. Compost B treatment allocated more carbon to aboveground than belowground by 39%, especially to foliage. On the vector diagnosis, there was 'shortage' on compost B treatment because of all increases of N contents, N concentrations, and growth and 'over accumulation' on vermiculite treatment because of more N uptake compared with dry weight increase. This study suggested optimal use of soil improvements is very important to improve soil quality in a permanently used nursery.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제88권3호
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• pp.389-399
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• 1999

본 연구는 개체목의 위치를 포함하는 정밀 임분조사 자료를 이용하여 임분의 3차원 공간구조 분석이 가능한 컴퓨터 프로그램의 개발을 목적으로 수행되었다. 이 프로그램은 임분의 ha당 통계량 계산 등 양적 정보뿐만 아니라 직경, 수고, 재적분포, 그리고 3차원 임분 공간구조와 수관투영도 등의 시각적 정보를 제공하는 기능을 가지고 있다. 또한 컴퓨터 상에서 가상 시업 시뮬레이션을 통해 시업후의 임분구조를 시각적으로 확인할 수 있는 기능을 포함한다. 본 연구에서 개발된 프로그램의 통계분석 부분은 SAS의 분석결과와 비교하였고, 그래픽 정보의 표현 능력은 유사한 3차원 수관도 프로그램인 TreeDraw와 비교하였다. 그 결과 본 연구에서 개발된 프로그램은 자료분석 시간이나 결과의 요약 등 실용성 측면에서 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 본 프로그램을 이용할 경우 해당 임분에 대한 적합한 조림조치와 합리적인 경영에 필요한 다양한 임분 공간정보를 얻을 수 있어 사용자의 의사결정에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1164-1170
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• 2013

나무는 대기 중의 탄소를 흡수하기 때문에 산림은 목재의 생산지로서만 아니라 탄소저장고로 고려되어야한다. 이 연구는 산림의 탄소흡수 역할을 고려한 최적 벌채연령을 찾는 데 중점을 두고 있다. 관리방법별 연령별 재적자료를 이용하였으며, 문제해결을 위해 다이나믹프로그래밍을 적용하였다. 그 결과 벌채연령은 탄소의 가치를 고려하지 않은 경우보다 늘어나는 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나 정부가 규정하는 국유림 소나무에 대한 벌채연령보다는 짧은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 국유림 소나무에 대한 정부의 관리에는 탄소흡수에 대한 가치뿐만 아니라 다른 공익적 가치가 포함되어 있다고 판단할 수 있다. 반면 사유림에 대한 규정은 적정 벌채연령보다 짧은 것으로 나타났으며, 이로 인해 사유림경영에 비효율성을 초래할 수 있다.