Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2018.34.4.338

Managing Red Oak (Quercus rubra L.) Reduces Sensitivity to Climatic Stress  

Chhin, Sophan (Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University)
Publication Information
Journal of Forest and Environmental Science / v.34, no.4, 2018 , pp. 338-351 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was conducted in a long-term experimental forest in the central hardwoods region of southwestern Michigan to retrospectively examine the role of past forest management practices and climate on red oak (Quercus rubra L.) productivity. Initially, in 1971, plots within the experimental forest were treated separately with a clearcut and shelterwood regeneration harvest in an attempt to increase red oak regeneration. From 1987-1989, a new study was initiated within a portion of the clearcut and shelterwood plots to evaluate the effectiveness of additional oak crop tree release using mechanical and chemical applications. Cumulative diameter and mortality rates of 719 red oaks were monitored across the four silvicultural treatments: Clearcut-A (clearcut without additional release treatment), Clearcut-B (clearcut with additional release treatment), Shelterwood-A (shelterwood without additional release), and Shelterwood-B (shelterwood with additional release) plus an untreated control. Increment cores were obtained from red oak trees and neighboring competitor species. Tree-ring analyses (dendrochronology) were applied to examine the effect of these silvicultural treatments and climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) on red oak productivity. The results indicated that crop tree release following a clearcut or shelterwood harvest reduced mortality rates and thus increased survival of red oak. Red oak in control plots or plots only receiving the initial regeneration harvesting treatment and no additional competition release were negatively affected by climatic stress, which included summer moisture stress. In contrast, red oak in plots that received the competition release treatment from shade tolerant tree species not only had higher tree level productivity (i.e., tree basal area) and lower mortality rates, but were also relatively more resilient to climatic stress by showing limited or no associations between climate and growth.
Keywords
clearcut; climate; dendrochronology; release treatment; shelterwood;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Abrams MD, Ruffner CM, Morgan TA. 1998. Tree-ring responses to drought across species and contrasting sites in the ridge and valley of central Pennsylvania. For Sci 44: 550-558.
2 Allen CD, Macalady AK, Chenchouni H, Bachelet D, McDowell N, Vennetier M, Kitzberger T, Rigling A, Breshears DD, Hogg EH, Gonzalez P, Fensham R, Zhang Z, Castro J, Demidova N, Lim JH, Allard G, Running SW, Semerci A, Cobb N. 2010. A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests. For Ecol Manage 259: 660-684.   DOI
3 Andrzejczyk T, Liziniewicz M, Drozdowski S. 2015. Effect of spacing on growth and quality parameters in sessile oak (Quercus petraea) stands in central Poland: results 7 years after planting. Scand J For Res 30: 710-718.   DOI
4 Brose PH, Dey DC, Phillips RJ, Waldrop TA. 2013. A meta-analysis of the fire-oak hypothesis: does prescribed burning promote oak reproduction in eastern North America. For Sci 59: 322-334.
5 Buckley DS, Sharik TL, Isebrands JG. 1998. Regeneration of northern red oak: positive and negative effects of competitor removal. Ecol 79: 65-78.   DOI
6 Camarero JJ, Sanguesa-Barreda G, Vergarechea M. 2016. Prior height, growth, and wood anatomy differently predispose to drought-induced dieback in two Mediterranean oak species. Annals For Sci 73: 341-351.   DOI
7 Burnham KP, Anderson DR. 2002. Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach. 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag, New York, 488 pp.
8 Sander IL. 1990. Quercus rubra L. or Nothern red oak. In: Silvics of North America. 1. conifers (Burns RM, Honkala BH, eds). USDA, Washington, DC.
9 Camarero JJ, Franquesa M, Sanguesa-Barreda G. 2015. Timing of drought triggers distinct growth responses in Holm oak: Implications to predict warming-induced forest defoliation and growth decline. Forests 6: 1576-1597.   DOI
10 Chhin S, Hogg EH, Lieffers VJ, Huang S. 2008. Potential effects of climate change on the growth of lodgepole pine across diameter size classes and ecological regions. For Ecol Manage 256: 1692-1703.   DOI
11 Chhin S, O'Brien J. 2015. Dendroclimatic analysis of red pine affected by Diplodia shoot blight in different latitudinal regions in Michigan. Can J For Res 45: 1757-1767.   DOI
12 Chmura DJ, Anderson PD, Howe GT, Harrington CA, Halofsky JE, Peterson DL, Shaw DC, St. Claire JB. 2011. Forest responses to climate change in the northwestern United States: Ecophysiological foundations for adaptive management. For Ecol Manag 261: 1121-1142.   DOI
13 Cogliastro A, Paquette A. 2012. Thinning effect on light regime and growth of underplanted red oak and black cherry in post-agricultural forests of south-eastern Canada. New For 43: 941-954.   DOI
14 Dech JP, Robinson LM, Nosko P. 2008. Understory plant community characteristics and natural hardwood regeneration under three partial harvest treatments applied in a northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) stand in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence forest region of Canada. For Ecol Manag 256: 760-773.   DOI
15 Craig JM, Lhotka JM, Stringer JW. 2014. Evaluating initial responses of natural and underplanted oak reproduction and a shade-tolerant competitor to midstory removal. For Sci 60: 1164-1171.
16 Crunkilton DD, Pallardy SG, Garrett HE. 1992. Water relations and gas exchange of northern red oak seedlings planted in a central Missouri clearcut and shelterwood. For Ecol Manag 53: 117-129.   DOI
17 D'Amato AW, Bradford J, Fraver S, Palik B. 2013. Effects of thinning on drought vulnerability and climate response in north temperate forest ecosystems. Ecol Appl 23: 1735-1742.   DOI
18 DeRose RJ, Long JN. 2014. Resistance and resilience: a conceptual framework for silviculture. For Sci 60: 1205-1212.
19 Dey DC, Spetich MA, Weigel DR, Johnson PS, Graney DL, Kabrick JM. 2009. A suggested approach for design of oak (Quercus L.) regneration research considering regional differences. New For 37: 123-135.   DOI
20 Dey DC. 2014. Sustaining oak forests in eastern North America: regeneration and recruitment, the pillars of sustainability. For Sci 60: 926-942.
21 Dolos K, Mette T, Wellstein C. 2016. Silvicultural climatic turning point for European beech and sessile oak in Western Europe from national forest inventories. For Ecol Manage 373: 128-137.   DOI
22 Fekedulegn D, Hicks Jr RR, Colbert JJ. 2003. Influence of topographic aspect, precipitation and drought on radial growth of four major tree species in an Appalachian watershed. For Ecol Manage 177: 409-425.   DOI
23 Gingrich SF. 1967. Measuring and evaluating stocking and stand density in upland hardwood forests in the central states. For Sci 13: 38-53.
24 Finley K, Chhin S, Nzokou P. 2016. Effects of climate on the radial growth of white ash infested with emerald ash borer. For Ecol Manage 379: 133-145.   DOI
25 Folke C, Carpenter S, Walker B, Scheffer M, Elmqvist T, Gunderson L, Holling CS. 2004. Regime shifts, resilience, and biodiversity in ecosystem management. Ann Rev Ecol Evo Syst 35: 557-581.   DOI
26 Fritts HC. 1976. Tree rings and climate. Academic Press, London, UK.
27 Grissino-Mayer HD. 2001. Evaluating crossdating accuracy: a manual and tutorial for the computer program COFECHA. Tree-Ring Res 57: 205-221.
28 Handler S, Duveneck MJ, Iverson L, Peters E, Scheller RM, Wythers KR, Brandt L, Butler P, Janowiak M, Swanston C, Clark Eagle A, Cohen JG, Corner R, Reich PB, Baker T, Chhin S, Clark E, Fehringer D, Fosgitt J, Gries J, Hall KR, Hall C, Heyd R, Hoving CL, Ibanez I, Kuhr D, Matthews S, Muladore J, Nadelhoffer K, Neumann D, Peters M, Prasad A, Sands M, Swaty R, Wonch L, Daley J, Davenport M, Emery MR, Johnson G, Johnson L, Neitzel D, Rissman A, Rittenhouse C, Ziel R. 2014. Michigan Forest Ecosystem Vulnerability Assessment and Synthesis: A report from the Northwoods Climate Change Response Framework Project. Gen Tech Rep NRS-129. USDA, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Sguare.
29 Hill JP, Dickmann DI. 1988. A comparison of three methods for naturally reproducing oak in southern Michigan. North J Appl For 5: 113-117.
30 Hogg EH. 1997. Temporal scaling of moisture and the forest-grassland boundary in western Canada. Agri For Meteor 84: 115-122.   DOI
31 Johnson PS, Shifley SR, Rogers R. 2002. The ecology and silviculture of oaks. CABI Publishing, Oxonm, UK.
32 Holmes RL. 1983. Computer-assisted quality control in tree-ring dating and measurement. Tree-Ring Bull. 43: 69-78.
33 Ibanez B, Ibanez I, Gomez-Aparicio L, Ruiz-Benito P, Garcia LV, Maranon T. 2014. Contrasting effects of climate change along life stages of a dominant tree species: the importance of soil-climate interactions. Diversity Distrib 20: 872-883.   DOI
34 IPCC. 2013. Climate Change 2013: The Physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; New York, NY, USA. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
35 Kabrick JM, Zenner EK, Dey DC, Gwaze D, Jensen RG. 2008. Using ecological land types to examine landscape-scale oak regeneration dynamics. For Ecol Manage 255: 3051-3062.   DOI
36 Kling GW, Hayhoe K, Johnson LB, Magnuson JJ, Polasky S, Robinson SK, Shuter BJ, Wander MM, Wuebbles DJ, Zak DR. 2003. Climate change in the Great Lakes region: impacts on our communities and ecosystem. A report of the Union of Concerned Scientists and the Ecological Society of America, Washington, D.C.
37 Laurent M, Antoine N, Joel G. 2003. Effects of different thinning intensities on drought response in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). For Ecol Manage 183: 47-60.   DOI
38 LeBlanc DC, Stahle DW. 2015. Radial growth responses of four oak species to climate in eastern and central North America. Can J For Res 45: 793-804.   DOI
39 LeBlanc DC, Terrell MA. 2011. Comparison of growth-climate relationships between northern red oak and white oak across eastern North America. Can J For Res 41: 1936-1947.   DOI
40 LeBlanc DC. 1998. Interactive effects acidic deposition, drought, and insect attack on oak populations in the midwestern United States. Can J For Res 28: 1184-1197.   DOI
41 Lhotka JM, Loewenstein EF. 2013. Development of three underplanted hardwood species 7 years following midstory removal. South J Appl For 37: 81-90.   DOI
42 Lhotka JM. 2013. Effect of gap size on mid-rotation stand structure and species composition in a naturally regenerated mixed broadleaf forest. New For 44: 311-325.   DOI
43 Magruder M, Chhin S, Monks A, O'Brien J. 2012. Effects of initial stand density and climate on red pine productivity within Huron National Forest, Michigan, USA. Forest 3: 1086-1103.   DOI
44 Magruder M, Chhin S, Palik B, Bradford JB. 2013. Thinning increases climatic resilience of red pine. Can J For Res 43: 878-889.   DOI
45 Matisons R, Jansons J, Katrevics J, Jansons A. 2015. Relation of tree-ring width and earlywoodvessel size of alien Quercus rubra L. with climatic factors in Latvia. Silva Fennica 49(4): article id 1931, 14 p.
46 Metsaranta JM, Lieffers VJ. 2009. Using dendrochronology to obtain annual data for modelling stand development: a supplement to permanent sample plots. Forestry 82: 163-173.   DOI
47 Millar CI, Stephenson NL, Stephens SL. 2007. Climate change and forests of the future: managing in the face of uncertainty. Ecol Appl 17: 2145-2151.   DOI
48 Pallardy SG. 2007. Physiology of Woody Plants. 3rd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
49 Pan C, Tajchman SJ, Kochenderfer JN. 1997. Dendroclimatological analysis of major forest species of the central Appalachians. For Ecol Manag 98: 77-87.   DOI
50 Parker GR, Merritt C. 1994. The central region. In: Regional silviculture of the United States (Barrett JW, ed). John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp 129-172.
51 Parker WC, Dey DC. 2008. Influence of overstory density on ecophysiology of red oak (Quercus rubra) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) seedlings in central Ontario shelterwoods. Tree Physiol 28: 797-804.   DOI
52 Parrott DL, Lhotka JM, Stringer JW, Dillaway DN. 2012. Seven-year effects of midstory removal on natural and underplanted oak reproduction. North J Appl For 29: 182-190.   DOI
53 R Core Team. 2016. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http://www.R-project.org/. Accessed 19 March 2016.
54 Rentch JS, Desta F, Miller GW. 2002. Climate, canopy disturbance, and radial growth averaging in a second-growth mixed-oak forest in West Virginia, U.S.A. Can J For Res 32: 915-927.   DOI
55 Sheil D, May RM. 1996. Mortality and recruitment rate evaluations in heterogeneous tropical forests. J Ecol 84: 91-100.   DOI
56 Speer JH, Grissino-Mayer HD, Orvis KH, Greenberg CH. 2009. Climate response of five oak species in the eastern deciduous forest of the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA. Can J For Res 39: 507-518.   DOI
57 Speer JH. 2010. Fundamentals of tree-ring research. The University of Arizona Press, Tucscon, AZ.
58 Spetich MA, Dey D, Johnson P. 2009. Shelterwood-planted northern red oaks: integrated costs and options. South J Appl For 33: 182-186.
59 Stokes MA, Smiley TL. 1996. An Introduction to Tree-Ring Dating. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ.
60 Tardif JC, Conciatori F, Nantel P, Gagnon D. 2006. Radial growth and climate responses of white oak (Quercus alba) and northern red oak (Quercus rubra) at the northern distribution limit of white oak in Quebec, Canada. J Biogeogr 33: 1657-1669.   DOI
61 Tardif JC, Conciatori F. 2006. Influence of climate on tree rings and vessel features in red oak and white oak growing near their northern distribution limit, southwestern Quebec, Canada. Can J For Res 36: 2317-2330.   DOI
62 Venables WN, Ripley BD. 2002. Modern applied statistics with S. 4th ed. Springer, New York.
63 Yamaguchi DK. 1991. A simple method for cross dating increment cores for living trees. Can J For Res 21: 414-416.   DOI
64 Zar JH. 1999. Biostatistical analysis. 4th ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
65 Gauthier MM, Jacobs DF. 2010. Northern red oak, white oak, andblack walnut diameter growth for the first 3 years after thinningin a mixed planting. North J Appl For 27: 110-116.