• Title/Summary/Keyword: Silver plating

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A Study on Comparison Experiments for Judgement to the Nondestructive Analysis of Gold Plated Silverware Remains (비파괴분석법에 의한 은제금도금유물의 판단을 위한 비교실험 연구)

  • Sim, Myung-Bo;Yu, Hei-Sun;Kim, Soo-Ki
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.41-47
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    • 2011
  • If the nondestructive analysis is carried out by using an X-ray Fluorescence Analyzer(XRF) for ingredient analysis with the target of gold plated silverware that plates gold on a silver basis, a singular point showing big difference at the value of weight percent(wt.%) according to the electron orbit of the principal ingredient can be confirmed. The present research made reproduced samples and carried out comparative analysis in order to suggest a basis that can judge whether the technique of gold plated silverware was used in case of remains uneasy to understand with eyes by using this singular point. As a result, the same result as analysis results of actual remains could be seen in specimens manufactured by a mercury amalgam plating method. However, in case of gold and silver alloy specimens, it could be confirmed that the difference according to the electron orbit of the principal ingredients is slight unlike plated specimens. The reason appearing at plated specimens seems to be generated while absorbing XRF beam at plated layers by double structure due to plating instead of single material. Accordingly, if this result appearing at nondestructive analysis is used, it was confirmed that the application of the technique of gold plated silverware can be judged without observing its section.

A Study on Terminology of Metal Handles in Traditional Korean Furniture - Focusing on Korean and Western Furniture - (한국전통가구의 금속 손잡이 영문표기 연구 - 한국 및 서구를 중심으로 -)

  • Moon, Sun-Ok
    • Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.449-459
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    • 2012
  • The article aims to making a comparison between traditional Korean and Western furniture metal handles to give the detail information of the handle terms by analyzing the related literature including internet and interviews. In terms of that, the Korean and Western metal handles are compared in the types, components, materials, methods, and terms affecting the development made by the craftsmen before the Industrial Revolution about the mid or late 18th century. As a result, first, ring and drop pull handles were mostly and wooden knobs were a little used to open the furniture doors and drawers. The Korean drop pulls, Deulswae, came out after the ring pulls, Gori, while the Western drops called loop or bail handles as well, came out before the ring pulls. Second, the components were composed by ring, Gori, loop or bail, Deulswae, Post, Baemok, washer, Baemokbatchim, and backplate, Deulswaebatchim. Most of the Western handles were fastened by the bolt and nut, while the post of two strips, Baemok, fastened the Korean metal handles. Third, the metal handles were created of brass and iron mostly, gilded gold and silver. Forth, the method were largely used by casting, engraving, forging, plating, and hammering in the Korean handles, and by casting, molding, engraving, and stamped in the Western handles. Finally, the terms such as "knobs, pulls, drops, ring and drop pulls, loop or bail handles, posts, washers, backplate, casting, molding, engraving, forging, plating, and stamped" were clarified by the two comparison in Korean and English.

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Effect of Protective layer on LTCC Substrate for Thin Metal Film Patterns (LTCC 보호층 형성에 따른 박막 전극패턴에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Yong-Suk;Yoo, Won-Hee;Chang, Byeung-Gyu;Park, Jung-Hwan;Yoo, Je-Gwang;Oh, Yong-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.19 no.7
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    • pp.349-355
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    • 2009
  • Metal thin film patterns on a LTCC substrate, which was connected through inner via and metal paste for electrical signals, were formed by a screen printing process that used electric paste, such as silver and copper, in a conventional method. This method brought about many problems, such as non uniform thickness in printing, large line spaces, and non-clearance. As a result of these problems, it was very difficult to perform fine and high resolution for high frequency signals. In this study, the electric signal patterns were formed with the sputtered metal thin films (Ti, Cu) on an LTCC substrate that was coated with protective oxide layers, such as $TiO_2$ and $SiO_2$. These electric signal patterns' morphology, surface bonding strength, and effect on electro plating were also investigated. After putting a sold ball on the sputtered metal thin films, their adhesion strength on the LTCC substrate was also evaluated. The protective oxide layers were found to play important roles in creating a strong design for electric components and integrating circuit modules in high frequency ranges.

A Study of Conservation and Production Techniques of Sword with Round pommel from Jisandong Tomb No.39 (지산동 39호분 장식대도의 보존과 제작기법)

  • Yun, Eunyoung;Jeon, Hyosoo
    • Conservation Science in Museum
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    • v.16
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    • pp.14-31
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    • 2015
  • Sword with round pommel discovered in tomb No.39 in the Jisandong tumuli group (M310) is a large sword with a looped pommel enclosing a sculpted dragon head. The sword was produced using different techniques; gold decoration, plating, openwork carving and hammering by using gold and silver. This sword treated conservation work because it has deformation and damages of handle decoration, missing part of sword, and corrosion. Conservation treatment was that foreign material and corroded metal were removed from the surface, and performed to stabilize and reinforce the weakened metal. During the conservation treatment, the object was examined to understand its materials and production method. The result of research, the dragon head inside the looped, amalgam-plated pommel has surface gold decorations. The pommel has a thin gold plate placed over a bottom plate made of copper, which was hammered to create an embossed design. The silver plate-covered hilt, cylindrical in shape, has an openwork lattice design. The steel blade is single-edged. Finally, the locket of the sheath has an embossed design also created through hammering on a thin gold plate placed over the copper bottom plate.

Study of Material Features of Baekje Gilt-bronze Crowns (비파괴 분석법에 의한 백제 금동관 재질 특성 연구)

  • Kim, Seonggon
    • Conservation Science in Museum
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    • v.23
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    • pp.91-108
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    • 2020
  • This study conducted non-destructive analyses of the material features of seven gilt-bronze crowns of Baekje Kingdom that were excavated in the Cheonan, Gongju, Seosan, Iksan, Naju, and Hapcheon areas. A typical Baekje gilt-bronze crown has a conical inner crown and an outer crown embellished with vertical ornaments on the front and the back, a tube topped with a hemispherical ornament, and other ornamentation. Diverse designs (e.g., dragon, bonghwang, flowers, and plants) were applied using a range of techniques, including repoussé, chasing, openwork, and engraving. Formal features differ among the crowns according to their period of production and site of excavation. The substrate metal of the crowns is either pure copper or mixed copper with a small amount of lead. The crowns were amalgam-plated on the surface with pure gold or gold with a small amount of silver. The crown from Okjeon Tomb No. 23 in Hapcheon in the ancient Gaya region has a high silver content, which appears to be a regional feature. In addition, this crown from Okjeon Tomb No. 23, which can be categorized as Baekje-style gilt-bronze crown, seems to be plated at most three times, while the gilt-bronze crowns found within Baekje Kingdom territory were plated once or twice.

A Capillary Electrochromatographic Microchip Packed with Self-Assembly Colloidal Carboxylic Silica Beads

  • Jeon, In-Sun;Kim, Shin-Seon;Park, Jong-Man
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.1135-1140
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    • 2012
  • An electrochromatographic microchip with carboxyl-group-derivatized mono-disperse silica packing was prepared from the corresponding colloidal silica solution by utilizing capillary action and self-assembly behavior. The silica beads in water were primed by the capillary action toward the ends of cross-patterned microchannel on a cyclic olefinic copolymer (COC) substrate. Slow evaporation of water at the front of packing promoted the self-assembled packing of the beads. After thermally binding a cover plate on the chip substrate, reservoirs for sample solutions were fabricated at the ends of the microchannel. The packing at the entrances of the microchannel was silver coated to fix utilizing an electroless silver-plating technique to prevent the erosion of the packed structure caused by the sudden switching of a high voltage DC power source. The electrochromatographic behavior of the microchip was explored and compared to that of the microchip with bare silica packing in basic borate buffer. Electrophoretic migration of Rhodamine B was dominant in the microchip with the carboxyl-derivatized silica packing that resulted in a migration approximated twice as fast, while the reversible adsorption was dominant in the bare silica-packed microchip. Not only the faster migration rates of the negatively charged FITC-derivatives of amino acids but also the different migration due to the charge interaction at the packing surface were observed. The electrochromatographic characteristics were studied in detail and compared with those of the bare silica packed microchip in terms of the packing material, the separation potential, pH of the running buffer, and also the separation channel length.

Type Classification and Material Properties by the Composition of Components in Gold Earrings Excavated from the Yeongnam Region (영남지역 출토 금제 귀걸이의 성분 조성에 따른 유형 분류와 금속 재료 특성)

  • Jeon, Ikhwan;Kang, Jungmoo;Lee, Jaesung
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.52 no.1
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    • pp.4-21
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    • 2019
  • In this paper, 23 Silla gold earrings from the sixth and seventhand centuries, excavated from the Yeongnam region, were analyzed. Based on the silver content of the gold plate, they were classified into three types. The classifications included type I(20-50wt%), type II(10-20wt%) and type III (less than 10wt%). In the analysis process, the composition and morphological differences were identified on the surface of the gold plate. In the case of type I and II earrings, it was observed that the fine holes were concentrated in a relatively higher part of the gold content. The causes of the difference in the surface composition of the gold plate were divided into four categories: 1) surface treatment, 2) thermal diffusivity in the manufacturing process, 3) differences in composition of alluvial gold, and 4) the refining method of gold. It is possible that depletion gilding was attempted to increase the gold content while intentionally removing the other metals from the surface of the gold alloy in the portion where the gold deposit is relatively concentrated on the surface of the gold plating. The highest copper content was detected in the earring with the highest gold content of the analyzed earrings, and it was assumed that thermal diffusion had occurred between the gold plate and the metal rod during the manufacturing process rather than intentional addition. Copper was detected only in the thin ring earring type, and copper was not detected in the thick ring earring type or pendant type. It also proves that this earring has a high degree of tightness at higher temperatures, as there was an invisible edge finish on other earrings and horizontal wrinkles on the gold plate surface. In terms of the material of the gold plate, we examined whether the silver content of the gold plate was natural gold or added by alloy through analyzing the alluvial gold collected in the region. As a result of the analysis, it was found that on average about 13wt% of silver is included. This suggests that type II is natural gold, type III is refined gold, and type I seems to have been alloyed with natural gold. Here, we investigated the refining method introduced in the ancient literature, both at home and abroad, about the possibility of alloying silver after the refining process of type III earrings and then making pure gold. It was found that from ancient refining methods, silver which had been present in the natural gold was removed by reacting and combining with silver chloride or silver sulfide, and long-term efforts and techniques were required to obtain pure gold through this method. Therefore, it was concluded that the possibility of adding a small amount of silver in order to increase strength after making pure gold through a refining process is low.

Scientific Analysis of Baekje Earrings from Habjung-ri Site in Buyeo (부여 합정리 유적 출토 백제이식의 과학적 분석)

  • Cho, Hyunkyung;Jeon, Yuree;Eo, Jieun;Cho, Namchul
    • Conservation Science in Museum
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    • v.13
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    • pp.71-80
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    • 2012
  • So-hwan earring(small hoop earing) is orbicular earring that have only main hoop. In this study, So-hwan earring from Baekje tombs are analyzed scientifically and those is attempted to find the correlation between scientific results and historical constituent. Six earrings were excavated from Habjung-ri sites in Buyeo and formative features and material characteristics of them were analyzed by microscope and XRF. As a results, various toreutics about producing gold silver alloy, pressure welding and amalgam plating that existed in Baekje from Ungjin period to Sabi period.

Study on Reusable Electrodes for Personal Electrocardiography

  • Kim, Jonghoon;Yoon, Gilwon
    • Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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    • v.27 no.5
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    • pp.340-344
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    • 2018
  • Electrodes are an important part of electrocardiography (ECG); disposable electrodes have been extensively used. However, personal ECG monitoring devices for Internet of Things applications require reusable electrodes. As there have been no systematic studies on the characteristics of reusable electrodes to date, we conducted this study to assess the performance and feasibility of electrodes with different materials. We built reusable electrodes using twelve different metallic materials, including commonly used copper, silver, zinc, plating materials, chemically inert titanium, stainless steel, and aluminum. Each electrode was fabricated to a size of $5{\times}10mm$. Their characteristics such as offset, baseline drift, stabilization time, and chemical inertness were compared. A personal ECG monitoring system was used to test the manufactured electrodes. The performances of the Ag, Cu, and Zn electrodes were better than the performances of other electrodes. However, these materials may not be used owing to the chemical changes that occur when the electrodes are in contact with the skin, such as discoloration and corrosion, which deteriorate their electrical characteristics. Titanium, stainless steel, and aluminum are chemically stable. The titanium electrode showed the best performance among the three, and it is our recommendation as a material for manufacturing reusable electrodes.

Silver plating on ABS Plastics for Electronic Parts (무선부품을 위한 ABS의 Ag도금)

  • Ryu Chung-Ryoul;Song Tae-Hwan;Park So-Yeon;Lee Jong-Kwon;Ryoo Kun-kul;Lee Yoon-bae;Lee Mi-Young
    • Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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    • 2004.11a
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    • pp.103-106
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    • 2004
  • 플라스틱 무선부품에서 발생하는 전자파를 차폐하기 위한 도금연구를 하였다. ABS 수지상에 습식도금법과 기상도금법을 이용하여 전기전도도가 우수한 Ag를 도금하였다. Sputtering공정시 압력, 시간, 전력이 증가함에 따라 Ag 입자가 조대화되고 증착속도가 증가되었다. 그리고 탈지 후 plasma, 탈지 후 Etching, 인가 전력 70W$\~$110W, 증착압력 4×10-2torr이하, 증착시간 5min$\~$6min에서 5B의 밀착력과 100dB 이상의 차폐효과가 계산되었다. 무전해 Ag 도금의 경우 최고 0.47$\mu$m/min의 도금속도와 plasma를 이용한 도금 전처리가 깨끗한 도금표면을 나타냈고 모든 조건에서 5B의 밀착력을 나타냈으며 100dB 이상의 차폐효과가 계산되었다.

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