• 환경영향평가
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.9-22
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• 2003

To consider environmental characteristics in the scope of geochemistry of streams, Hwasun area, soil, sediment and water samples near/in the streams were analyzed in texture and metal contents of soil and sediment and in quality in water. From those analyses, the soils are loamy sand, sandy loam, loam and silty loam in texture. And, the sediments are slightly gravelly sand, gravelly sand and gravelly muddy sand in facies. Metal contents in soils and sediments are of high near Hwasuneup and Hwasun coalfield. In peculiar, P, Co, Li, Ni, Zn and Pb exceed over crust mean contents. Physico-chemistry of above streams according to pH-Eh and Piper's diagrams indicates that the streams are, typically, assigned to natural river water. Water qualities of BOD, T-N and T-P in areas near Hwasun coalfield, Dongmyeon and Hwasuneup are polluted over V level. Enrichment factor(EF) representing metal condensation in P, Cu, Zn and Pb appear near Hwasun coalfield and Hwasuneup from the soil and sediment samples, in part. Additionally, river water in dry season is very high in BOD, T-N, $Na^+$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$. It is suggested that the relatively high metal contents in the stream be connected with above coalfield and urban areas.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1528-1537
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is investigated the method for estimation of the liquefaction on the reclaimed land, located in Incheon and assessed the ability of liquefaction under the condition of criteria, which is the magnitude '6.5' of seismic on the basis of the domestic seismic characteristics. Performed not only field test but the experiment as well to study how the fine content would affect into the dreging and reclaimed land and also estimated the safety factor through the empirical method and anticipated detail method based on the results. Within the reclaimed land, there are many sized soils which are almost extended from well-graded silty sand(SM) to poor-graded fine grained sand, and which have the condition, so called, the liquefaction which is easily to bring into under the circumstances within the ground. However, partly, now that the soil is mixed with silt and silty clay which include the content of fine grained dust quite a bit, the difficulties and inconveniences has been expected while trying to find the ratio of cyclic resistance, but finally Seed and Idriss method showed the most way when we estimate the safety factor on the liquefaction.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.247-258
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• 2024

Tailings are waste materials of mining operations, consisting of a mixture of clay, silt, sand with a high content of unrecoverable metals, process water, and chemical reagents. They are usually discharged as slurry into the storage area retained by dams or earth embankments. Poor knowledge of the hydro-mechanical behaviour of tailings has often resulted in a high rate of failures in which static liquefaction has been widely recognized as one of the major causes of dam collapse. Many studies have dealt with the static liquefaction of coarse soils in saturated conditions. This research provides an extension to the case of silty tailings in unsaturated conditions. The static liquefaction resistance was evaluated in terms of stress-strain behavior by means of monotonic triaxial tests. Its dependency on the preparation method, the volumetric water content, the void ratio, and the degree of saturation was studied and compared with literature data. The static liquefaction response was proved to be dependent mainly on the preparation technique and degree of saturation that, in turn, controls the excess of pore pressure whose leading role is investigated by means of the relationship between the -B Skempton parameter and the degree of saturation. A preliminary interpretation of the static liquefaction response of Stava tailings is also provided within the Critical State framework.

• 지질공학
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 산성토를 대상으로 물리적 특성과 불포화 특성을 조사 및 분석하였다. 부산 일광광산 주변의 산성토를 대상으로 물리적 특성을 조사한 결과 건조단위중량이 $1.246t/m^3$이며, 통일분류법(USCS)상 실트질 모래(SM)에 해당된다. 자동 흙-함수특성곡선(SWCC) 측정장치를 이용하여 건조 및 습윤과정에 대한 흙-함수특성곡선(SWCC)을 산정하였다. 그리고 계수예측방법 가운데 가장 널리 활용되고 있는 van Genuchten (1980) 모델을 적용하여 건조 및 습윤과정에 따른 산성토의 불포화 투수계수함수(HCF)를 산정하였다. 산성토의 불포화 투수계수함수(HCF)는 건조과정의 경우 모관흡수력이 증가함에 따라 지속적으로 감소하지만 습윤과정의 경우 모관흡수력이 낮은 수준에서 상대적으로 작게 감소하고, 수분함입치 직전에 크게 감소함을 알 수 있다. 한편, 건조 및 습윤과정에서의 흙-함수특성곡선과 불포화 투수계수함수는 모두 이력현상이 발생되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.107-113
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• 1976

우리나라의 정밀토양(情密土壤) 조사(調査)에서 밝혀진 경사지(傾斜地) 밭 토양(土壤) 및 산림지(山林地) 토양중(土壤中) 83개(個) 토양통(土壤統)을 대상(對象)으로 토양식성인자(土壤蝕性因子) K치(値)를 Wischmeier의 nomograph를 이용(利用)하여 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) 다음과 같다. 토양(土壤) 침식성(浸蝕性) 인자(因子) K치(値)는 0.05 내지(乃至) 0.51의 범위(範圍)에 있었으며, 평균(平均) 0.27이었다. K치(値)를 토양아군별(土壤亞群別)로 보았을 때, Udipsamments, Umbric Dystrochrepts, Lithic 그리고 Typic Haplumbrepts 등(等)은 0.1 이하(以下)로 낮았으며, Aquic Hapludalfs, Aquic Fragiudalfs 등(等) 0.4이상(以上)으로 높았으며, Udorthents, Dystrochrepts, Eutrochrepts, Hapludalfs, Hapludults, Hapludolls 등(等)의 Typic, Lithic, Fluventic, Dystric 및 Ultic 아군등(亞群等)은 0.1내지(乃至) 0.4이었다. K치(値)는 같은 토성(土性)에서 차이(差異)가 심(甚)하였으나, 대체(大體)로 토성(土性)이 미세(微細)할수록 높은 경향(傾向)이었다. 또 미세(微細)의 함량(含量)이 많을 수록, 배수조건(排水條件)이 불량(不良)할수록 높았다. K치(値)는 유기물(有機物) 함량(含量) 3% 내지(乃至) 13%범위(範圍)에서 역상관(逆相關)의 경향(傾向)이었으며, 3% 이하(以下)에서는 그 상관(相關)이 없었다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2020

자연상태의 흙은 다양한 크기의 입자로 구성되어 있으며, 이 흙의 역학적 거동 중 전단거동은 입도 분포에 크게 영향을 받는다. 그리고 자연상태의 흙은 조립토와 세립토가 다양하게 혼합되어 존재하기 때문에 그 역학적 성질인 전단특성을 명확히 파악하기 어렵다. 이에 본 연구에서는 흙의 입도 분포가 흙의 전단특성에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위한 목적으로 조립토는 모래를 세립토는 실트를 이용해 모래에 대한 실트의 함유량을 변화시켜 입도 분포가 다른 사질토를 조성한 후 링 전단시험을 수행하였다. 그리고 물 공급 시 입도 분포가 다른 사질토의 전단특성 변화를 확인하기 위해 링 전단시험 중 물을 공급하여 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 실트 함유량이 증가할수록 전단강도는 점차 증가하다 실트 함유량이 모래보다 많아지면 전단강도는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 수분 공급 시 실트 함유량에 따라 잔류전단강도는 완만한 경사를 나타내며 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.85-93
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• 1988

This laboratory study was carried out in order to produce fundamental data for analyzing salt movement and desalinization effects, using samples of silt loam soil collected in Gyehwado and Daeho reclaimed tidelans, and samples of silty clay loam soil collected in Kimie tideland. Desalinization experiments with gypsum treatment were performed to analyze changes of the hydraulicc conductivity with changes of the soil property and the salt concentration during the desalinization of reclaimed tideland soils by leaching through the subsufface drainage, and correlations between factors infl uencing the reclamation of salt affected soils were analyzed by the statistical method. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The reclaimed tideland soils used in this study were saline-sodic soils with the high exchangeable sodium percentage and the high electrical conductivity. 2. Changes of the hydraulic conductivity with the amount of leaching water and the leaching time elapsed were affected by the amount of gypsum except exchangeable sodium and clay contents. The regression equation between the depth of water leached per unit depth of soil (Dw / Ds : X) or the square root of the leaching time elapsed (T $^1$ $^2$ : X) and the relative hydraulic conductivity (HCr:Y) could be expressed in Y=a . bx. 3. The more exchangeable sodium and clay contents regardless of the amount of gypsum, the more the leaching time was required until a given volume of water was leached through the soil profile. The regression analysis showed that the relationship between the depth of water leached per unit depth of soil(Dw /Ds:X) and the square root of the leaching time elapsed(T$^1$$^2$ :Y) could be described by Y=a . Xb. 4. The hydraulic conductivity was influenced to a major degree by the salt concentration provided that the electrical conductivity was below 10 mmhos / cm during the desalinization of reclaimed tideland soils. The regression equation between the relative electrical conductivity ( ECr : X) and the relative hydraulic conductivity (HCr:Y) could be expressed in Y=a + b . X-$^1$. 5. In conclusion, the hydraulic conductivity, leaching requirements and the leaching time elapsed can be estimated when the salt concentration decreases to a certain level during the desalinization of reclaimed tidelands, and the results may be applied to the analysis of salt movement and desalinization effects.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2017

Heavy metal contamination of soil might be a cause of serious concern due to the potential health impacts of consuming contaminated products. In this study, the total content of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, As, and Hg) in soils was analyzed, and the difference of heavy metal contents depending on crops, soil characteristics, and topography was compared in 169 greenhouse soils obtained from Gyeongnam Province. The concentrations of the heavy metals were $0.25mg\;kg^{-1}$ (ranged 0.01~0.44) for Cd, $28.94(0.53{\sim}72.63)mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Cr, $26.03(0.5{\sim}166.13)mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Cu, $14.91(1.27{\sim}33.22)mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Ni, $15.76(0.43{\sim}57.1)mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Pb, $119.72(6.33{\sim}239.39)mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Zn, $2.54(0.01{\sim}23.57)mg\;kg^{-1}$ for As, and $0.049(0.012{\sim}0.253)mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Hg in topsoils. The concentrations of Pb and As in topsoil were highest in green pepper and those of Cd, Cr, and Ni were highest in melon. In addition, the concentrations of Cr and Ni were highest in diluvial terrace compared with the other topographies. Higher concentrations of Cd, Cr, and Ni were found in silty clay loam and silt loam soils than sandy loam and loam soils.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.242-248
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• 2014

We have five soil series of pan soils in South Korea out of 391 series: Gangreung, Bugog, Yeongog, Jangweon, and Pogog. Productivity decreases in pan soils as pan horizons impede percolation and capillary rise of water and interrupt root extension. This study was performed to investigate pedogenic processes of pan soils mainly located in footslope and river terrace by analyzing physicochemical properties and soil micro-morphology. Korean pan soils belong to Alfisols, Ultisols, or Inceptisols and have udic or aquic soil moisture regime, mesic temperature regime, and mixed mineral substances. Texture of pan horizons selected for the present study was mainly silty clay loam with clay contents ranging from 26.3 to 45.3%. Bulk density of the pan horizons ranged from 1.4 to $2.1Mg\;m^{-3}$ and their soil structure were subangular or angular structure. In terms of micro-morphological structure, Bt horizon of Gangreung series was formed as platy and striated b-fabric structure possibly affected by uplift of coastal terrace following clay sedimentation by flood. Jangweon series showed micro-morphology of massive structure and crystallic b-fabric as macropores between coarse debris established by debris fall in slope were filled with silt-sized particles. The Bt horizons having massive structure and striated b-fabric in Yeongog, Pogog, and Bugog series implies that those horizons experienced horizontal mass flow after clay accumulation.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.200-206
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• 1984

연쇄(連鎖)된 홍적층(洪積層)에 기인(基因)된 반천(盤泉), 고평(高平), 화동(華東) 및 덕평통(德坪統)에 대(對)하여 형태적(形態的) 특성(特性)과 토양(土壤)의 이화학성(理化學性)을 조사(調査) 연구(硏究)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 반천(盤泉), 고평(高平), 화동(華東) 및 덕평통(德坪統)의 순(順)으로 토양(土壤) 연쇄성(連鎖性)이 인정(認定)되며 반천(盤泉)과 고평통(高平統)은 배수(排水)가 양호(良好)하고 화동(華東)과 덕평통(德坪統)은 지형(地形)과 관개수(灌漑水)의 영향(影響)으로 배수(排水)가 약간(若干) 양호(良好)하였다. 2. 반천(盤泉)과 고평통(高平統)의 표토(表土)는 황적색(黃赤色), 암황갈색(暗黃褐色)의 미사식양질(微砂埴壤質)이고 심토(心土)는 황적색(黃赤色), 적색(赤色) 및 진갈색(眞褐色)의 중용(中庸) 내지 강(强)한 각주상(角柱狀) 혹은 각괴상(角塊狀) 구조(構造)로서 점토피막(粘土皮膜)이 있는 식질(埴質)이며, 화동(華東)과 덕평통(德坪統)의 표토(表土)는 암회갈색(暗灰褐色), 회갈색(灰褐色)의 미사식양질(微砂埴壤質)이고 심토(心土)는 진갈색(眞褐色), 명(明)오리브갈색(褐色), 적색(赤色)의 중용(中庸) 내지 강(强)한 각주상(角柱狀), 각괴상(角塊狀) 혹은 반각괴상(半角塊狀) 구조(構造)로서 점토피막(粘土皮膜)이 있는 미사식양질(微砂埴壤質)이나 식질(埴質)이었다. 또한 이들 심토층(心土層)은 매우 치밀(緻密)하고 단단하며 습(濕)할 때 점착성(粘着性)과 가소성(可塑性)이 매우 강(强)하였다. 3. 미사(微砂)/점토율(粘土率), 토양산도(土壤酸度), 유기물(有機物), 유효수분(有效水分) 및 인산함량(燐酸含量)은 지형(地形)이 낮은데 위치(位置)한 토양(土壤)일수록 그 함량(含量)이 많았으나 활성철(活性鐵)은 그 반대(反對)인 경향(傾向)이었다. 4. 공시토양(供試土壤)들을 미국(美國)의 신(新) 분류법(分類法)에 따라 Hapludalfs로 분류(分類)할 수 있었다. 5. 이들 토양(土壤)들의 생산성(生産性)을 제고(提高)하기 위(爲)하여는 석회(石灰), 인산질비료(燐酸質肥料) 및 퇴비(堆肥) 등(等)의 증시(增施)가 요구(要求)된다.