• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.297-316
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• 2014

This paper presents a detailed study focused on investigating the effects of silt content on the static and dynamic properties of sand-silt mixtures. Specimens with a low-plastic silt content of 0, 15, 30 and 50% by weight were tested in static triaxial, cyclic triaxial, and resonant columns in addition to consolidation tests to determine such parameters as compression index, internal friction angle, cohesion, cyclic stress ratio, maximum shear modulus, normalized shear modulus and damping ratio. The test procedures were performed on specimens of three cases: constant void ratio index, e = 0.582; same peak deviator stress of 290 kPa; and constant relative density, $D_r$ = 30%. The test results obtained for both the constant-void-ratio-index and constant-relative-density specimens showed that as silt content increased, the internal friction angle, cyclic stress ratio and maximum shear modulus decreased, but cohesion increased. In testing of the same deviator stress specimens, both cohesion and internal friction angle were insignificantly altered with the increase in silt content. In addition, as silt content increased, the maximum shear modulus increased. The cyclic stress ratio first decreased as silt content increased to reach the threshold silt content and increased thereafter with further increases in silt content. Furthermore, the damping ratio was investigated based on different silt contents in three types of specimens.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
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• pp.311-317
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• 2008

This study was carried out to improve our understanding about the influence of silt content on the stress-strain of sand under cyclic loading. Soil specimens were prepared by wet-tamping method as same void ratio and specimen's silt contents on total weights was changed from 0% to 20%. Also, effects of the silt contents on the stress-strain response were studied at different anisotropic consolidation ratio, Kc=1.0, 1.5, 2.0 condition. As a result, cyclic shear strength decreased as silt contents increased in same stress ratios. In same silt contents, cyclic shear strength increased as Kc increased in lower silt contents, but in higher silt contents, it had reverse results.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.587-592
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify the controlling factors to construct tidal flat ecosystems having similar characteristics as natural ones. We transplanted the soil in a constructed tidal flat to a natural one and vice versa. Parameters monitored after these transplantations were silt content, organic matter, bacterial population and oxidation-reduction potential. Moreover, the relationship among silt content, organic matter and bacterial population was investigated by laboratory column experiment. The silt content, organic matter, bacterial population and vertical profile of oxidation-reduction potential in the soil transplanted from the constructed tidal flat to the natural one changed to similar values to those in the natural one. On the contrary, all the parameters for the soil transplanted from the natural tidal flat to the constructed one changed to similar values as those in the constructed one. The silt contents in thses two transplanted solis were in proportion to the organic carbon contents and bacterial population. Similarly, the bacterial population in laboratory column experiment increased with the increase in silt and organic matter contents. It seemed to be important to select a place to enhance accumulative of silt and/or to maintain the silt content by hydrodynamic control of seawater in order to construct a tidal flat having similar characteristics as natural one.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.83-108
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• 2011

The effect of non-plastic fines (silt) on liquefaction and pore pressure generation characteristics of saturated sands was studied through undrained stress controlled cyclic triaxial tests using cylindrical specimens of size 50 mm diameter and height 100 mm at different cyclic stress ratios and at a frequency of 0.1 Hz. The tests were carried out in the laboratory adopting various measures of sample density through various approaches namely gross void ratio approach, relative density approach, sand skeleton void ratio approach, and interfine void ratio approach. The limiting silt content and the relative density of a specimen were found to influence the undrained cyclic response of sand-silt mixtures to a great extent. Undrained cyclic response was observed to be independent of silt content at very high relative densities. However, the presence of fines significantly influenced this response of loose to medium dense specimens. Combined analyses of cyclic resistance have been done using the entire data collected from all the approaches.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2010

본연구에서는 실트함유량에 따른 다양한 실트질모래의 전단특성에 관한 효과를 평가했다. 두 종류의 삼축 압축시험은 다져진 낙동강 모래속에 실트 함유율 10%와 30%를 혼합한 조건에서 원형공시체를 성형하고 비압밀 비배수 상태로 실험을 수행하였다. 모든 동일한 공시체는 같은 초기함수비로 5층으로 나누어 준비하여 포화시킨 다음 초기 유효 구속압을 100~400kPa까지 증가시킨 후 전단한다. 모든 공시체는 파괴 후 변형이 감소하는 경향을 보이며 응력변형률 곡선과 축차응력은 실트함유율이 10%일때가 30%일 때 보다 크게 나타났다. 간극수압은 실트함유율 10%인 공시체가 파괴 후의 간극비 증가로 인해 부의 영향이 나타났지만 반면에 실트함유율 30%인 공시체는 양의 경향을 나타났다. 실트함유량이 낮은 다져진 공시체의 거동은 실트함유량이 높은 경우 보다 더 심한 다이러턴시 경향을 나타났고 최대축차응력은 실트함유량이 증가함에 따라 감소하였고 최대간극수압은 증가하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권6C호
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• pp.277-285
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• 2009

실트함유량 변화에 따른 낙동강 모래의 반복전단강도 특성을 살펴보고자 낙동강 유역에 분포하는 모래와 실트를 채취하여 실트함유량 0~50%의 범위로 실내에서 재성형된 실트질 모래시료에 대하여 일련의 비배수 반복삼축실험을 실시하였다. 실험 결과, 실트함유량 변화에 따른 반복횟수(N) 10에서의 반복전단응력비(CSR)는 모든 상대밀도에서 실트함유량 5%에서 최대였고, 20%에서 최소를 보였다. 반복비($N/N_L$)에 따른 간극수압비(${\Delta}u/p^{\prime}$) 관계로 부터 분석된 간극수압의 발달 경향은 실트함유량에 따른 CSR 크기변화와는 무관하였다. 압밀 후 간극비(e)와 skeleton 간극비($e_s$)를 비교해 본 결과, 전반적으로 실트함유량에 따른 CSR의 변화 경향과 일치하여 실트함유량에 따른 CSR은 실트질 모래의 전단거동에 영향을 미치는 모래만의 간극비인 skeleton 간극비($e_{s}$)에 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 실트 함유율이 높은 모래에 대한 정규압밀 등방배수 및 비배수 삼축압축시험(NCIU 및 NCID) 결과를 나타내었다. 유효구속응력 $100\sim400kpa$하에서 실트 함유율이 63%인 낙동강 모래 시료를 사용하여 실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과, 모래질 실트는 초기에는 압축이 되지만 전체적인 응력-변형률 곡선에서 최종적으로 체적팽창반응을 보였다. 모래질 실트의 거동은 낮은 소성 특성으로 인하여 점토와 모래보다 비하여 그 특성을 묘사하기가 어려웠다. 특히, 시료는 파괴 후 전단과정에서 팽창현상을 보였다. 모래질 실트의 전단거동과 전단강도정수는 응력-변형률 거동과 Mohr-Coulomb 파괴규준에 의하여 결정되는데, 전단거동은 파괴 후 변형률 연화 경향과 같이 체적변화가 증가하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 본 논문에서 모래질 실트의 전단과정 동안에 발생되는 팽창거동은 모래 함유율 뿐만 아니라 저점착력을 가진 세립자의 함유율에 의해서도 달라졌다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.401-417
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• 2013

The results of an experimental program regarding the effects of gradation on shear strength and volume change behavior of silty sands are presented. Consolidated drained direct shear tests were performed on two clean base sands and twelve silty sands obtained by mixing those base sands with two different non-plastic silts at various fines contents (${\leq}$ 25%). Drained shear strengths were observed to be not significantly influenced by either base sand gradation or silt gradation or fines content for the studied range. Increasing fines content has increased the volumetric contraction of specimens at similar void ratio. However, the amount of increase in volumetric contraction of silty sands were found to be affected by silt gradation when other influencing factors such as fines content, base sand gradation and mineralogy were kept the same. Moreover, the amount of increase in volumetric contraction of silty sands were also found to be affected by base sand gradation when other influencing factors such as fines content, silt gradation and mineralogy were kept the same.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.167-181
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• 2022

Soil liquefaction has been one of the most important concerns in geotechnical earthquake engineering in recent years, due to its damages to structures and its destructive effects. The cyclic liquefaction of silty sands, in particular, remains of great interest for both research and application. Although many factors are known that affect the liquefaction resistance of sands, the effect of fine grain content is perhaps one of the most studied and still controversial. In this study, 48 deformation-controlled cyclic simple shear tests were performed on BS and CS silt samples mixed with 5%, 15% and 30% by weight of Krk085, Krk042 and Krk025 sands in constant-volume conditions to determine the liquefaction potential of silty sands. The tests were carried out at 30% and 50% relative density and under 100 kPa effective stress. The results revealed that the liquefaction potential of silty sand increases with increasing average particle size ratio (D_50sand / d_50silt) of the mixture for a fixed silt content. Furthermore, for identical base sand, the liquefaction potentials of coarse grained sands increase with increasing silt content, while the respective potentials of fine grained sands generally decrease. However, this situation may vary depending on the silt grain structure and is affected by the nature of the fine grains. In addition, the variation of the void ratio interval was shown to provide a good intuition in determining the liquefaction potentials of silty sands, while the intergranular void ratio alone does not constitute a criterion for determining the liquefaction potentials of silty sands.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2000

자연간석지 토양을 인공간석지에 인공간석지 토양을 자연간석지에 이식하고, 이식토양의 물리화학적 및 생물학적 특성의 변화를 추적하였다. 또한 실트함량과 유기물함량이 미생물현존량에 미치는 영향에 관해서 실내실험을 통하여 검토하였다. 자연간석지 토양을 인공간석지에 인공간석지 토양을 자연간석지에 이식한 결과, 실트함량, 유기물함량, 미생물현존량 및 토양중의 산화환원전위층은 시간의 경과와 함께 이식한 간석지의 토양구조와 동일하게 변이해 가는 것을 알았다. 또한 이식 토양중의 실트함량, 미생물현존량 및 유기물함량과는 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. 실트함량 및 유기물함량의 증감과 함께 미생물현존량이 비례해서 증감하는 것을 알았다. 또한 실내실험 결과에서도 실트함량이나 유기물함량의 증가와 함께 미생물현존량이 증가하였다. 또한 그 원인은 실트함량이 증가함에 따른 결과라는 것을 알 수 있었다.