• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.798-808
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• 2011

이 연구의 목적은 2009 개정 과학과 중학교 교육과정을 효과적으로 실행하기 위해 중학생들의 지구계에 대한 기초적인 인식을 조사하였다. 1219명의 학생들이 설문조사에 참여했으며 학생들의 지구계에 대한 기초적인 이해, 지구계와 관련된 23개의 개념(내용)에 대한 이해 수준과 중요성을 조사하였다. 지구계에 대한 기초적인 이해 결과를 살펴보면 약 67%의 학생들이 지구계에 대한 용어에 대해 잘 모른다고 응답하였다. 지구계의 구성요소 중에서는 대기권과 수권을 가장 잘 인식하고 있었으며, 빙권에 대해서는 지구계의 구성요소로서 낮은 이해 수준을 보였다. 23개 지구계 관련개념(내용)에서는 성별에 따라 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났으며, ESU#4, 5, 6에 관련된 주요 개념에서 남학생들이 이해 수준과 중요성에 대한 인식 수준이 더 높게 나타났다. 아울러, 학년별로는 23개 중에 10개의 개념에 대한 중요성의 인식 차이를 나타냈다. 교육과정의 실행과 학교 현장을 위한 제언이 논의되었다.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.707-711
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• 2007

Microarray gene expression data is believed to show the functions of living organism through the gene expression values. We have studied a method to get the informative genes from the microarray gene expression data. There are several ways for this. In recent researches to get more sophisticated and detailed results, it has used the intelligence information theory like fuzzy theory. Some methods are to add fudge factors to the significance test for more refined results. In this paper, we suggest a method to get informative genes from microarray gene expression data. We combined the difference of means between two groups and the fuzzy membership degree which reflects the variance of the gene expression data. We have called our significance test the Fuzzy Information method for Gene Expression data(FIGER). The FIGER calculates FIGER variation ratio and FIGER membership degree to show how strongly each object belongs to the each group and then it results in the significance degree of each gene. The FIGER is focused on the variation and distribution of the data set to adjust the significance level. Out simulation shows that the FIGER-test is an effective and useful significance test.

• 농촌계획
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2017

In analyzing the effect of the central place improvement projects, this study classifies subject residents into two groups of the residents of the project target regions and those of surrounding villages, and conducts verification. As a result of analysis, Variety of cultural programs is the only factor that positively affects the satisfaction level of the residents of the project target region, and it has been analyzed at the significance level of 10% that a one-unit increase in securing rest areas lowers the satisfaction level of the residents of surrounding villages. This shows that the effect of the central place improvement projects currently promoted is at a low level, and there is also a risk of conflict between the residents in the target region and those in surrounding villages. Although there is no statistical significance, analysis shows that a method to provide the residents in surrounding villages with the project-related information and to guarantee their participation in the project enhances the satisfaction level of the residents of surrounding villages. Therefore, institutional improvements reflecting this need to be made.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.51-69
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• 2000

This dissertation was to research how some metal level within SipJeonDaeBo - Decoction, one of oriental prescriptions, influence Sprague-Dawley animals. 1. Under the experiment with drinking waters there was no metal ${\sim}0.65\;mg/L$ detected. A metal with feed found 0.001-376.983mg/kg. 2. In the mice's kidney, brain, bones used experiment, As searched 0.474 mg/kg, 0.486 mg/kg, 0.314 mg/kg 0.834 mg/kg respectively ; Cd 0.060 mg/kg, 0.045 mg/kg, 0.030 mg/kg, 0.353 mg/kg, ; Co 0.105 mg/kg, 0.063 mg/kg, 0.030 mg/kg, 0.399 mg/kg, ; Cr 0.292 mg/kg, 0.304 mg/kg, 0.234 mg/kg, 0.962 mg/kg, ; Cu 4.201 mg/kg, 3.759 mg/kg, 1.923 mg/kg, 0.484 mg/kg, ; Fe 57.535 mg/kg, 150.571 mg/kg, 17.178 mg/kg, 281.506 mg/kg, ; no Hg, Mn 0.612 mg/kg, 2.968 mg/kg, 0.528 mg/kg, 4.205 mg/kg, ; Ni 0.094 mg/kg, 0.072 mg/kg, 0.078 mg/kg, 27.714 mg/kg, ; Pb 0.269 mg/kg, 0.293 mg/kg, 0.283 mg/kg, 43.142 mg/kg ; Zn 4.149 mg/kg, 21.861 mg/kg, 8.088 mg/kg, 226.283 mg/kg respectively. 3. In level of hazardous metal within idney control group searched 0.194 {\pm}\; 0.052 mg/kg, experimental I g개up $0.189{\pm}0.036\;mg/kg$, experimental I group $0.264 {\pm}{\pm}\;0.179\;mg/kg$. In level of non hazardous metal control group searched $15.917{\pm}5.575\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $17.064{\pm}2.246\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $16.892{\pm}3.586\;mg/kg$. Besides in total level of metal control g.cup detected $6.484{\pm}2.258\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $6.940{\pm}0.914\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $6.915{\pm} 1.508\;mg/kg$ There all was no statistical significance. 4. In level of hazardous metal within the liver control group searched $0.187{\pm}0.048\;mg/kg$, experiment I g개up $0.168[\pm}0.079\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $0.277{\pm}0.159\;mg/kg$. In level of non hazardous heavy metal control group detected $44.925{\pm}18.468\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $39.917{\pm}12.772\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $49.525{\pm}33.484\;mg/kg$. Besides in total concentration control group searched $18.082{\pm}7.395\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $16.068{\pm}5.128\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $19.977{\pm}13.443\;mg/kg$. There was no statistical significance but hazardous metal gets more level in the experilnent group than in the control group. 5. In level of hazardous metal within brain control group searched $0.145{\pm}0.056\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $$0.167{\pm}0.030\;mg/kg, erperiment II group $0.172{\pm}0.123\;mg/kg$. In level of non hazardous heavy metal control group detected $6.488{\pm}0.965\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $7.290{\pm}0.588\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $7.010{\pm}1.627\;mg/kg$. Besides in total concentration control group searched $2.683{\pm}7.395\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $3.017{\pm}0.238\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $2.908 {\pm} 0.711\;mg/kg$. Therefore there was no statistical significance. 6. In level of hazardous metal within bone control group searched $8.172{\pm}5.195 \;mg/kg$, experiment I group $9.128{\pm}4.143\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $9.401{\pm}6.924\;mg/kg$. There is statistical significance(p<0.05). In level of non hazardous metal control group detected $94.065{\pm}36.035\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $147.563 {\pm}79.939\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $142.730{\pm}77.374\;mg/kg$. Besides in total level control group searched $48.530{\pm}16.523\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $64.502{\pm}31.078\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $62.733 {\pm}34.641\;mg/kg$. Therefore there was no statistical significance. 7 In the correlative research as to how each metal influences to ingestion Cd and Co searched 0.954 and Pb and Ni -0.0884 from kidney. Co and Cd was 0.995 and Zn and As -0.190 from liver. Co and Cd were 0.995 and Zn and Cu -0.393 from brain. Co and Cd were 0.998 and Zn and Mn -0.206 from bones

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.171-180
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• 1982

The nutritional survey and blood sampling was conducted from May 23 to 27, 1971, in order to investigate the state of the nutritional intake in relation to blood contents of rural women. This survey covered a total of 47 women residing in Youngam-gun, Cholla-namdo, Korea. The daily diet of these subjects was observed by 24-hour recall method and weighing method for 3 days and hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit(Hct), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), serum protein, serum albumin, A/G ratio, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation (TS), serum cholesterol and blood specific gravity (SG) were measured. The results were summarized as follows ; The rate of intake of vegetable foods was high, especially cereals, and that of animal foods was low, especially eggs and milk and milk products. The daily intake of niacin was sufficient, and the intakes of energy and iron were also tend to be adequate. On the contrary, the intakes of vitamin A, $B_2$ and C, calcium and protein were insufficient. The mean red blood cell number was $410.8{\pm}26.4{\times}10^{4}/mm^{3},$ the mean values of Hb, Hct and MCHC were $12.5{\pm}0.9gm%$, $37.5{\pm}2.4%$ and $33.2{\pm}0.5%$ thus the anemic prevalences were 21.3%, 12.8% and 93.6% comparing with the anemic criteria of WHO. The levels of serum protein and serum albumin were $7.1{\pm}0.4gm\;%$ and $4.3{\pm}0.3gm\;%$so the A/G ratio was indicated $1.6{\pm}0.2.$. The levels of serum iron and TIBC were $91.9{\pm}27.5{\mu}g/100ml and $297.5{\pm}31.4{\mu}g/100ml,$ so TS was calculated $31.2{\pm}9.7\;%$. The mean value of SG was $1.044{\pm}0.002,$ and the level of serum cholesterol was $164.3{\pm}25.4mg/dl$. In the relation between each of bloood content, Hb showed positive correlation not only with Hct but also protein at the level of significance of 1 per cent and 5 per cent, and protein also showed a positive correlation with serum cholesterol at the 1 per cent level of significance. In the relation between the nutrient intake and blood contents, vitamin C intake showed a positive correlation with Hb, serum protein and serum iron at the level of significance of 1 per cent, iron intake also showed a positive correlation with serum iron and serum cholesterol at the same significant level, and protein intake showed a positive correlation with serum iron at the at the level of significance of 5 per cent.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.27-45
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• 1989

This study aims at helping cerebrally palsied children to overcome and minimize their sufferings, inducing them to perform ordinary activities of daily living for themselves by coducting ADL Tests which are fundamental activities in daily life and presenting treatment plan for their overall rehabilitation and basic data for achieving the training objective. For that purpose, 173 cerebrally palsied children were selected and given ADL performance Tests from Dec. 1987 to Oct. 1988 and the following results were obtained. 1. Correlation coefficients for each ADL category indicated significant statistical value at .01 level. 2. Correlation coefficient between school-year variable and ADL category variable was significant at .01 level. 3. Correlation between age variable and ADL variable category proved significant at .01 level as well. 4. Correlation coefficients between each category in terms of functional state of extremities were significant at .01 level. 5. The difference in ADL achievements between each category by school year were as follows ; 1) In the category of meeting nature's tall, the age span of more than 4 school years showed statistical significance. 2) In the category of putting off and on clothing, the age span of 3 school years indicated statistical significance. 3) In taking meals statistical significance was found in the age span of 4 school years. 4) In finger movements the age span of more the 4 school years indicated statistical significance. 5) In walking activities statistical significance was noticed in the age span of 2 or 3 school years. Besides, in category by school year, and exceptional case was noticed that the 6th graders were lower than the 5th graders in self-reliance rate. 6. the difference in ADL achievements by type of palsy, children of triplegia were the lowest, while those of monoplegia were the highest. 7. The difference in ADL achievements by kind of palsy, patients of athetosis showed lower rate of self-reliance than those of spasticity, and particularly the latter showed a high rate of self-reliance in taking meals$(83.5\%)$. The former were relatively low in self-reliance and lowerst in meeting nature's call $(59.8\%)$.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.191-204
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• 2007

This study analyzes use and operation of silver ambulance with 110 patients who had used silver ambulance in Gwangju and Jeonnam regions from June of 2006 to June of 2007 and 53 paramedics who are involved directly in ambulance operation and the results of this analysis are as follows. 1. Users' health conditions, 69.1% of users answered as bad and 67.3% suffered from chronic diseases over 3 months and it was found that they used silver ambulance due to their bad health conditions. 2. Cronbach's alpha was 0.630 and family function index was generally reliable and solution was high as 1.60, but total points were low as 7.11 and it was considered that they had family troubles. 3. On the question of ambulance use, 44.5% answered they used it because it is free, 53.6% used it for appointed medical examination and treatment and 18.1% used it for emergency. 4. Degrees of satisfaction with ambulance and paramedics were 95.4% and 76.4% respectively and 80.0% of ambulance users answered ambulance arrived quickly within 15 min. 5. Correlation($x^2 $) between family or relative's residence and frequency of visits was 86.367 and its significance probability was 0.00 and it was found that it was significant in the level of 0.1%, but correlation($x^2 $) between visitors other than family or relatives and frequency of visits was 14.768 and its significance probability was 0.25 and it was found that it was not significant in the level of 5%. 6. Correlation($x^2 $) between transfer operation speed and mobilization time was found that it was not significant in the level of 5%. Correlation($x^2 $) between their own health condition purpose of ambulance use was 13.802 an 5.696 and its significance probability was 0.93 and it was found that it was not significant in the level of 1%, and it was considered because paramedics carried patients with safe operation.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.791-797
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• 2006

Objectives : The objective of the study was to observe the effects of different treatment lengths of Rhizoma Alismatis on diabetes mellitus. Methods : Rats were divided into three groups: normal(non-treated group), control (group administered saline for 4, 11, and 18 days), and RA (group administered 2.45mg/200g Rhizoma Alismatis for 4, 11, and 18 days). The experimental results were derived from the measurement of the levels of glucose, ALP, AST, ALT, creatinine and BUN in the serum from the rats on days 4, 11, and 18. Results : The glucose level in the serum significantly decreased on the 18th day. The ALP level in the serum did not show statistical significance. The GOT and GPT levels in the serum slightly decreased on the 4th, 11th, and 18th days, but did not show statistical significance. The creatinine level in the serum was unchanged for all of them. The BUN level in the serum did not show statistical significance. Conclusions : According to the above results, it is concluded that Rhizoma Alismatis has a therapeutic effect on diabetes mellitus with a longer period ofintake. As to influence upon the liver and kidney, there was no damage orside effects.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.52-62
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• 2021

Background: This study aims to provide basic data for development of the level-based oral health care program depending on the mother's oral health literacy by finding out how mother's oral health literacy can effect on the preschool children's oral health and behavior. Methods: The survey was conducted on 192 mothers who have preschool children and the data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, multiple regression analysis to identify differences in verbal and functional oral health literacy. Results: The study showed statistical significance (p<0.05) in educational level depending on differences in verbal and functional oral health literacy by sociodemographic factor. In differences in verbal and functional literacy depending on experience of education for oral health behavior and oral health, statistical significance (p<0.05) was showed highly on verbal and functional literacy in the case that subjects have an experience of education for oral health and their children have not been experienced of oral illness. And when it comes to the case that subjects have experience of education for oral health within one to two years, statistical significance was showed highly on verbal literacy. It showed that verbal and functional oral health literacy effects to oral health care behavior of children judging from results that the higher level of mother's verbal oral health literacy, the higher score of children's oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop the systematic program which is appropriate for characteristics of each oral period in childhood depending on level of primary caregiver's oral health literacy, and systematic education should be preceded to enhance the literacy of the caregiver. It is considered necessary to improve the oral health care of children by developing a manual for oral health care education to enhance primary caregiver's oral health literacy.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.33.1-33.10
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the proximity of maxillary molar roots to their overlying cortical bone surfaces and the maxillary sinus. Materials and Methods: Cone-beam computed tomographic images of 151 patients with completely erupted upper molars that had 3 separate roots were studied. The following distances were measured: from the root apex to the cortical plate and maxillary sinus floor, and from the apical 3-mm level of the root to the cortical plate. Differences between groups were analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance and the Scheffé post hoc test, the significance of differences between cone-beam computed tomography views with the paired t-test, and the significance of differences among age groups with linear regression analysis. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: The mesiobuccal and distobuccal root apexes of maxillary second molars were more distant from the buccal cortical plate than the maxillary first molars (p < 0.05). The apical 3-mm level of the mesiobuccal root of the first molar was closer to the buccal cortical bone than the second molar (p < 0.05). In the maxillary first molars, the thickness of the buccal cortical bone decreased in all roots with age (p < 0.05). In all root apexes of both molars, the difference in the vertical level between the maxillary sinus floor and the root apex increased with age (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Awareness of the anatomical profile of maxillary molar apices in relation to the cortical bones and maxillary sinus will be beneficial for apical surgery.