• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.25-34
• /
• 2004

UMTS network, evolved from GSM, includes packet core network that consists of SGSNS and GGSNs. Service providers should consider subscriber mobility, location registration, and subscriber distribution when designing packet core networks and network elements. Since one of the major traffic sources for IMT-2000 will be data which has bursty characteristics, new design guidelines for dimensioning of SGSN and GGSN should be proposed under various constraints of system parameters. In this paper, we first evaluate the performance of signaling traffic for packet call subscribers. After that, we also obtain the impact of bursty data traffic on the SGSN and GGSN by simulation, and suggest new dimensioning guidelines for packet core network of UMTS under various environments.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.215-221
• /
• 2003

It is expected that per-user customized services are widely used in next generation Personal Communication Network. To provide personalized services for each call, per-user service profiles are frequently referenced and signaling traffic is considerably large. Since the service calls are requested from the places where user stays, we can expect that the traffic is localized. In this paper, we propose a new service profile replication scheme, named Follow-Me Replication with local Anchor (FMRA). By replicating user's service profile in a user-specific location area, local anchor of each region, the signaling traffic for call and mobility can be distributed to local network. We compared the performance of the FMRA with two typical schemes: Intelligent Network-based !Central scheme and IMT-2000 based full replication scheme, as we refer it to Follow-Me Replication Unconditional (FMRU). Performance results indicate that FMRA lies between Central and FMRU schemes according to call to mobility ratio, and we identified the efficient ranges of CMR for FMRA depending on the various network parameters.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2012

Next generation cellular applications and smart phone usage generate very heavy wireless data traffic. It becomes ineluctable for mobile network operators to have multiple core network entities such as Serving Gateway and Packet Data Network Gateway in 4G-LTE to share this high traffic generated. A typical configuration consists of multiple serving gateways behind a load-balancer which would determine which serving gateway would service a end-users'request. Such hardware is expensive, has a rigid policy set, and is a single point of failure. Another perspective of today's increasingly high data traffic is that besides it is being widely accepted that the high bandwidth L TE provides is creating bottlenecks for service providers by the increasing user bandwidth demands without creating any corresponding revenue improvements, a hidden problem that is also passively advancing on the newly emerging 4G-LTE that may need more immediate attention is the network signaling traffic, also known as the control-plane traffic that is generated by the applications developed for smartphones and tablets. With this as starting point, in this paper, we propose a solution, by a new approach considering OpenFlow switch connected to a controller, which gains flexibility in policy, costs less, and has the potential to be more robust to failure with future generations of switches. This also solves the problem of scaling the control-plane traffic that is imperative to preserve revenue and ensure customer satisfaction. Thus, with the proposed architecture with OpenFlow, mobile network operators could manipulate the traffic generated by the control-plane signaling separated from the data-plane, besides also reducing the cost in installing multiple core-network entities.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
• /
• v.43 no.12 s.354
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2006

Handover of WiBro is based on 802.16e hard handover scheme. When PSS is handover, it is handover that confirm neighbor's cell condition and RAS ID in neighbor advertisement message. Serving RAS transmits HO-notification message to neighbor RAS. Transmiting HO-notification message to neighbor RAS, it occurs many signaling traffics. Also, When WiBro is handover, It occurs many packet loss. Therefore, user suffer service degradation. LPM handover is supporting seamless handover because it buffers data packets during handover. So It is proposed scheme that predicts is LPM handover and reserves target RAS with pre-authentication. These schemes occur many signaling traffics. In this paper, we propose PSS Movement Prediction to solve signaling traffic. Target RAS is decided by old data in history cache. When serving RAS receives HO-notification-RSP message to target RAS, target RAS inform to crossover node. And crossover node bicast data packet. If handover is over, target RAS forward data packet. Therefore, It reduces signaling traffics but increase handover success rate. When history cache success, It decrease about 48% total traffic. But When history cache fails, It increase about 6% total traffic

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.23 no.7
• /
• pp.1639-1649
• /
• 1998

For mobile multimedia services, wireless ATM(Asynchronous transfer Mode) network is studied actively. In wireless ATM network, the existing signaling protocols generate heavy traffics for HLR due to the centralized structure that all signaling loads mush be handled in HLR(Home Location Register). Also, centralized structure causes critical connection setup delays. Thus, it is important that wireless ATM reduces the connection setup delays occurred due to high traffic loads of signaling based on distributed processing. In this thesis, we propose a cache strategy for call delivery as well as the cache updates of registration based on ATM multicasting and compares the cost of cache scheme with that of conventional scheme. Our study shows that cache scheme has better performance than the conventional methods in the case that the portable mobility is low and traffic density is large.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.510-517
• /
• 2012

This paper analyzes the performance of voice-over-Internet protocol (VoIP) services in terms of the system throughput, the packet delay, and the signaling overhead in a mobile WiMAX system with a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) mechanism. Furthermore, a queueing analytical model is developed with due consideration of adaptive modulation and coding, the signaling overhead, and the retransmissions of erroneous packets. The arrival process is modeled as the sum of the arrival rate at the initial transmission queue and the retransmission queue, respectively. The service rate is calculated by taking the HARQ retransmissions into consideration. This paper also evaluates the performance of VoIP services in a mobile WiMAX system with and without persistent allocation; persistent allocation is a technique used to reduce the signaling overhead for connections with a periodic traffic pattern and a relatively fixed payload. As shown in the simulation results, the HARQ mechanism increases the system throughput as well as the signaling overhead and the packet delay.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2003.10c
• /
• pp.236-246
• /
• 2003

This paper is implemented a control algorithm in order to be stable and minimized to entire train traffic system at delayed case. Signal ing system is described wi th algebraic equations given for train headway, Discrete-event simulation principles are reviewed and a demonstration block signaling model using the technique is implemented. Train congestion at station entrance for short headway operation is demonstrated and the propagation of delays along a platform of trains from any imposed delay to the leading train is also shown. A rail way signaling system is by nature a distributed operation with event triggered at discrete intervals. Although the train kinematic variables of position, velocity, and acceleration are continually changing, the changes are triggered when the trains pass over section boundaries and arrive at signals and route switches. This paper deals with linear-mode1ing, stability and optimal control for the traffic on such metro line of the model is reconstructed in order to adapt the circuits. This paper propose optimal control laws wi th state feedback ensuring the stability of the modeled system for circuits. Simulation results show the benefit to be expected from an efficient traffic control. The main results are summarized as follows: 1. In this paper we develop a linear model describing the traffic for both loop lines, two state space equations have been analyzed. The first one is adapted to the situation where a complete nominal time schedule is available while second one is adapted when only the nominal time interval between trains is known, in both cases we show the unstability of the traffic when the proceeding train is delayed following properties, - They are easily implemented at law cost on existing lines. - They ensure the exponetial stability of loop system. 2. These control laws have been tested on a traffic simulation software taking into the non-linearites and the physical constraints on a metro line. By means of simulation, the efficiency of the proposed optimal control laws are shown.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
• /
• v.14C no.7
• /
• pp.559-570
• /
• 2007

In this paper, we define a Hose-NSIS-QoSM, which reserves and manages resources according to the hose based resource provisioning mechanisms for supporting the VPN QoS(Quality of Service) using the NSIS(Next Step in Signaling) signaling protocol. Specifically, we specify the NSIS message objects, the structures of QoS NSLP(NSIS Signaling Layer Protocol)/NTLP(NSIS Transport Layer Protocol)/RMF(Resource Management Function) state tables and the processing of the signaling messages in NSIS nodes. Also, we compare the Hose-NSIS-QoSM with the Hose-RSVP-TE-QoSM that supports the hose based VPN QoS in the MPLS networks using the extended RSVP-TE mechanism.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.109-118
• /
• 2012

As a result of the prevalence of smartphone, various mobile services became faster by LTE networks. Because many mobile devices are used more wireless services, heavy signaling traffic for authentication could be generated. Authentication is an important factor in wireless networks to identify devices; it is the start of wireless networks. This paper analyzes previous patterns for more effective authentication in accessing of another external networks. We propose a fast authentication scheme for minimizing of signaling cost between the authentication server and external networks. And we calculate the rate of authentication occurrence in LTE networks using mathematical modeling as well as the change of signaling cost for authentication in various network environments. Finally, we calculate the optimized number of authentication data and show the effectiveness for authentication signaling costs.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.7B
• /
• pp.641-649
• /
• 2004

We propose a dynamic traffic management model which uses adaptive priority reassignment algorithm to deliver service differentiation in home networks, and implement adaptive priority reassignment algorithm using FPGA. The proposed architecture is designed to handle home network traffic without the need for signaling protocol. We categorize home network traffic into three kinds of traffic class: control data traffic class, the Internet data and non-real-time data traffic class, and multimedia data traffic class (include non-real-time and real-time multimedia data traffic). To support differential service about these kinds of traffic class, we designed and implemented a traffic management framework that dynamically change each traffic class priority depending on bandwidth utilization of each traffic class.