• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.1981-1984
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• 2009

Subcellular localization of protein kinase often plays an important role in determining its activity and specificity. Protein kinase C (PKC), a family of multi-gene protein kinases has long been known to be translocated to the particular cellular compartments in response to DAG or its analog phorbol esters. We used C-terminal green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins of PKC isoforms to visualize the subcellular distribution of individual PKC isoforms. Intracellular localization of PKC-GFP proteins was monitored by fluorescence microscopy after transient transfection of PKC-GFP expression vectors in the HeLa cells. In unstimulated HeLa cells, all PKC isoforms were found to be distributed throughout the cytoplasm with a few exceptions. PKC$\theta$ was mostly localized to the Golgi, and PKC$\gamma$, PKC$\delta$ and PKC$\eta$ showed cytoplasmic distribution with Golgi localization. DAG analog TPA induced translocation of PKC-GFP to the plasma membrane. PKC$\alpha$, PKC$\eta$ and PKC$\theta$ were also localized to the Golgi in response to TPA. Only PKC$\delta$ was found to be associated with the nuclear membrane after transient TPA treatment. These results suggest that specific PKC isoforms are translocated to different intracellular sites and exhibit distinct biological effects.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 특별세미나 특별세션
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• pp.189-197
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• 2006

Maglev using EMS becomes unstable by unexpected big air-gap disturbance. The main causes of the unexpected air-gap disturbance are step-wise rail joint and large distance between rail splices. For the stable operation of the Maglev, the conventional system uses the threshold method, which selects one gap sensor among two gap sensors installed on the magnet to read the gap between magnet and guide rail. But the threshold method with a wide bandwidth makes the discontinuous air-gap signal at the rail joints because of the offset in air gap sensors and/or the step-wise rail joins. Further more, in the case of the one with a narrow bend-width, it makes Maglev system unstable because of frequent alternation. In this paper, a new method using fuzzy rule to reduce air-gap disturbances proposed to improve the stability of Maglev system. It treats the air-gap signal from dual gap sensors effectively to make continuous signal without air gap disturbance. Simulation and experiment results proved that the proposed scheme was effective to reduce air-gap disturbance from dual gap sensors in rail joints.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2007

Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) often show muscular disorder, internal derangement and degenerative change of articular surface of the condyle. It is important to choose adequate diagnostic method for obtaining data for the diagnosis and treatment. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has some advantages, because it shows good resolution image for the soft tissue and it is not invasive to the human body. We have performed serial research about the retrodiscal tissue of the TMJ according to the progress of the disease, using T2 weighted image, since 2002. In this study, we applicated resized observation area to compare signal intensity between the retrodiscal tissue of the TMJ and cerebral gray matter, using T2 weighted image.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.266-275
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• 1990

Onocogene의 일종인 c-raf protein kinase는 세포질 속에 존재하는 serine / threonine-speccific protein이며, 이것은 mitogene signal에 의해 활성화된다. c-raf protein kinase의 구조와 기능은 protein kinase C와 매우 유사한 것으로 생각된다. 면역세포화학적으로 c-raf protein kinase의 signal transduction을 조사하기 위하여 EC-4 세포에 tumor promotor인 12-0-tet-radecanoylphorbol-13-acetae와 mitogenic gactor인 platelet-derived growth factor로 time-course에 따라서 처리하였다. Translocotion되는 c-raf는 먼저 perinuclear membrane에 모이고 그 후에 핵내로 이동되었다. 그런데 TPA와 PDGF로 처리한 c-raf의 translocotion은 각각의 다른 경로를 가짐을 알 수 있었다. TPA와 PAGF을 장기간 처리하였을 때, c-raf protein kinase의 down regulation이 유도됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2006년도 하계종합학술대회
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• pp.1013-1014
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• 2006

Mobilecomputer offers more fundamental role than role assistance enemy of modern technology equipment and new Information Technology can reconsider, and reconstruct creatively accuracy of physiological concept. That military register symptoms are developed of disease, before far before rehalibitation, offer possibility that can intervene in process that motive change of military register symptoms after rehalibitation. But, that many parameters become analysis target and mathematical settlement and equalization system of neted data of that is huge, same time collection of all datas can lift difficulty etc.. These main weakness puts in structural relation between elements that compose system. Therefore, dynamics research that time urea of systematic adjustment has selected method code Tuesday nerve dynamics enemy who groping of approach that become analysis point is proper and do with recycling bioelectricity signal. Nature model of do living body signal digital analysis chapter as research result could be developed and scientific foundation groping could apply HSS (Hardware-software system) by rehalibitation purpose. Special quality that is done radish form Tuesday of bioelectricity signal formation furthermore studied, and by the result, fundamental process of bodysignal in do structure circuit form of analog - digital water supply height modelling do can

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.298-302
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• 2010

체외 순환 보조 장치는 호흡부전 및 심부전 등에 사용하는 장치이며 세계적으로 많은 연구 개발과 임상에의 사용이 계속되고 있다. 이 장치들을 사용할 때 주의해야할 사항중 하나는 공기 색전증이다. 공기 색전증은 정맥혈내로 공기가 들어갈 수 있는 여러 가지 수술 과정 및 진단 과정의 합병증으로 일어날 수 있으며, 수술부위가 심장보다 위치, 수술 과정 중 체강, 체외 순환 보조 장치를 사용할 때 공기의 유입이 생길 수 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기위해 비유전율 상수의 변화를 이용한 공기방울 감지 장치를 개발했다. 모의순환 장치에서 실험해본 결과 튜브 안의 공기 양에 따라 신호의 차를 분명하게 보여주어 공기방울을 감지할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1692-1697
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• 2023

Staphylococcus aureus integrated with mecA gene, which codes for penicillin-binding protein 2a, is resistant to all penicillins and other beta-lactam antibiotics, resulting in poor treatment expectations in skin and soft tissue infections. The development of a simple, sensitive and portable biosensor for mecA gene analysis in S. aureus is urgently needed. Herein, we propose a dual-toehold-probe (sensing probe)-mediated exonuclease-III (Exo-III)-assisted signal recycling for portable detection of the mecA gene in S. aureus. When the target mecA gene is present, it hybridizes with the sensing probe, initiating Exo III-assisted dual signal recycles, which in turn release numerous "3" sequences. The released "3" sequences initiate catalytic hairpin amplification, resulting in the fixation of a sucrase-labeled H2 probe on the surface of magnetic beads (MBs). After magnet-based enrichment of an MB-H1-H2-sucrase complex and removal of a liquid supernatant containing free sucrase, the complex is then used to catalyze sucrose to glucose, which can be quantitatively detected by a personal glucose meter. With a limit of detection of 4.36 fM for mecA gene, the developed strategy exhibits high sensitivity. In addition, good selectivity and anti-interference capability were also attained with this method, making it promising for antibiotic tolerance analysis at the point-of-care.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2015

목 적 : 외부표지자 호흡움직임 측정 장치(RPM; Real-time Position Management, Varian Medical System, USA)를 이용한 간암 호흡동조 방사선치료 시 호흡신호와 방사선 조사 시간 및 실제 조사된 호흡위상을 분석하여 호흡움직임 측정 장치를 이용한 호흡동조 방사선 치료의 정확도를 평가하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 2014년 5월부터 9월까지 Novalis Tx.(Varian Medical System, USA)와 RPM을 이용하여 간암 호흡동조 방사선치료(Duty Cycle 20%, Gating window 40% ~ 60%)를 시행한 환자 총 16명의 치료 시 기록된 호흡움직임을 분석하였다. RPM에 기록된 외부표지자의 호흡움직임을 후행적 분석을 통해 호흡위상으로 재구성하였으며, 재구성된 호흡위상을 이용하여 기록된 Beam-on Time과 Duty Cycle에 대해 RPM을 사용한 호흡동조 방사선치료의 예측 정확도를 분석하고, 호흡움직임의 재현성에 따른 Duty Cycle과 예측 정확도의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 대상 환자 16명의 치료계획 시와 실제 치료 시 호흡주기 차이는 평균 -0.03초(범위 -0.50초 ~ 0.09초)로 분석되었으며 두 호흡간의 통계적 차이는 확인할 수 없었다(p=0.472). 치료 시 평균 호흡주기는 4.02 sec (${\pm}0.71sec$), 치료 중 호흡주기 표준편차의 평균값은 7.43%(범위 2.57% ~ 19.20%)로 분석되었다. 실제 Duty Cycle은 평균 16.05%(범위 13.78% ~ 17.41%)로 나타났고 이 중 후행적 분석을 통해 평균 56.05%(범위 39.23% ~ 75.10%)가 계획된 호흡위상(40% ~ 60%)에서 조사되었음을 확인하였다. 호흡주기의 표준편차와 Duty Cycle과 계획된 호흡위상에서 조사된 비율의 상관관계는 각각 -0.156 (p=0.282)와 -0.385 (p=0.070)으로 분석되었다. 결 론 : 본 연구는 실제 치료 중 기록된 외부표지자의 호흡움직임을 후행적으로 분석하여 치료 중 호흡움직임의 재현성 및 Duty Cycle, 계획된 호흡동조창에서의 실제 치료 비율 등을 확인하였다. 4DCT를 이용한 치료계획과의 오차를 최소화하고 효율적인 치료를 위해 호흡훈련 및 호흡신호 모니터링의 강화가 필요 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.207-213
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• 1999

During the differentiation of Naegleria gruberi amoebas into flagellates, the amoebas undergo sequential changes in cell shape and form new cellular organelles. To understand the nature of the signal which initiates this differentiation and the signal transduction pathway, we treated cells with four agents, PMA, retinoic acid (RA), okadaic acid, and cAMP. Retinoic acid and cAMP had specific effects on the differentiation of N. gruberi depending on the time of the drug treatment. Addition of (100$\mu$M) retinoic acid at the initiation of differentiation inhibited differentiation by blockinq the transcription of differentiation specific genes (e.g., $\beta$-tubulin). This inhibition of differentiation by retinoic acid was overcome by co-treatment with cAMP (or dbcAMP, 20 $\mu$M). Addition of retinoic acid at later stages (30 and 70 min) had no effect on the transcriptional regulation of the $\beta$-tubulin gene, however the differentiation was inhibited by different degrees. Co-treatment of cAMP at these stages did not overcome the inhibitory effect of retinoic acid. These results suggest that the role of retinoic acid as a transcriptional regulator might be conserved throughout the evolution of eukaryotes.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.841-848
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• 2008

Archyranthes radix has had extensive therapeutic application, and there has been increasing interest in its biological effects. However, the biochemical effects of Archyranthes radix on chondrocyte oxidative stress have never been systematically investigated. Therefore, we investigated the effects of Acyranthes radix on role of MAPK signal transduction pathway on oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in rat articular chondrocytes. The statistically significant inhibitory action of Archyranthes radix on cell proliferation was observed at above $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Next, we examined the time-dependent effect of $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ Archyranthes radix on cell proliferaion. Archyranthes radix significantly inhibited cell proliferation from 12 hr after treatment (P<0.05). $H_2O_2$, resulted in a time- and dose-dependent cell proliferation, which was largely attributed to oxidative damage. Acyranthes radix and $H_2O_2$ treatment caused marked sustained activation of phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Moreover, the synergistic phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK by $H_2O_2$ and Archyranthes radix was selectively inhibited by PD 98059, a p44/42 MAPK inhibitor. In conclusion, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that under conditions of oxidative stress, the $H_2O_2$-induced inhibition of cell proliferation in the rat chondrocyte is mediated through a modulation of the Archyranthes radix signaling pathway, promoting further phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK, indicating a potentially important role in cartilage repair and in the treatment of osteoarthritic cartilage.