• Wind and Structures
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.381-392
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• 2020

Despite that the failure of sign structure may not have disastrous consequence, its sheer number still ensures the need for rigorous safety standard to regulate their maintenance and construction. During its service life, a sign structure is subject to extensive wind load, sometimes well over its permissible design load. A fragility analysis of a sign structure offers a tool for rational decision making and safety evaluation by using a probabilistic framework to consider the various sources of uncertainty that affect its performance. Wind fragility analysis was used to determine the performance of sign structure based on the performance of its connection components. In this study, basic wind fragility concepts and data required to support the fragility analysis of the sign structure such as sign panel's parameters, connection component's parameters, as well as wind load parameters were presented. Fragility and compound fragility analysis showed disparity between connection component. Additionally, reinforcement of the connection system was introduced as an example of the utilization of wind fragility results in the retrofit decision making.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.365-377
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• 2015

Large-amplitude vibration of overhead sign structures can cause unfavorable psychological responses in motorists, interfere with readability of the signs, and lead to fatigue cracking in the sign structures. Field experience in Texas suggests that an overhead sign structure can vibrate excessively when supported within the span of a highway bridge instead of at a bent. This study used finite element modeling to analyze the dynamic displacement response of three hypothetical sign structures subjected to truck-passage-induced vertical oscillations recorded for the girders from four actual bridges. The modeled sign bridge structures included several span lengths based on standard design practices in Texas and were mounted on precast concrete I-girder bridges. Results revealed that resonance with bridge girder vertical vibrations can amplify the dynamic displacement of sign structures, and a specific range of frequency ratios subject to undesirable amplification was identified. Based on these findings, it is suggested that this type of sign structure be located at a bridge bent if its vertical motion frequency is within the identified range of bridge structure excitation frequencies. Several alternatives are investigated for cases where this is not possible, including increasing sign structure stiffness, reducing sign mass, and installing mechanical dampers.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.237-256
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• 2014

This paper reports findings from a written assessment which was designed to investigate Chinese primary school students' understanding of the equal sign and equation structure. The investigation included a sample of 110 Grade 3, 112 Grade 4, and 110 Grade 5 students from four schools in China. Significant differences were identified among the three grades and no gender differences were found. The majority of Grades 3 and 4 students were found to view the equal sign as a place indicator meaning "write the answer here" or "do something like computation", that is, holding an operational view of the equal sign. A part of Grade 5 students were found to be able to interpret the equal sign as meaning "the same as", that is, holding a relational view of the equal sign. In addition, even though it was difficult for Grade 3 students to recognize the underlying structure in arithmetic equation, quite a number of Grades 4 and 5 students were able to recognize the underlying structure on some tasks. Findings in this study suggest that Chinese primary school students demonstrate a relational understanding of the equal sign and a strong structural sense of equations in an earlier grade. Moreover, what found in the study support the argument that students' understanding of the equal sign is influenced by the context in which the equal sign is presented.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1535-1545
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• 2022

Sign language has completely different meaning depending on the direction of the hand or the change of facial expression even with the same gesture. In this respect, it is crucial to capture the spatial-temporal structure information of each movement. However, sign language translation studies based on Sign2Gloss2Text only convey comprehensive spatial-temporal information about the entire sign language movement. Consequently, detailed information (facial expression, gestures, and etc.) of each movement that is important for sign language translation is not emphasized. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose Spatial-temporal Keypoints Centered Sign2Gloss2Text Translation, named STKC-Sign2 Gloss2Text, to supplement the sequential and semantic information of keypoints which are the core of recognizing and translating sign language. STKC-Sign2Gloss2Text consists of two steps, Spatial Keypoints Embedding, which extracts 121 major keypoints from each image, and Temporal Keypoints Embedding, which emphasizes sequential information using Bi-GRU for extracted keypoints of sign language. The proposed model outperformed all Bilingual Evaluation Understudy(BLEU) scores in Development(DEV) and Testing(TEST) than Sign2Gloss2Text as the baseline, and in particular, it proved the effectiveness of the proposed methodology by achieving 23.19, an improvement of 1.87 based on TEST BLEU-4.

• EDISON SW 활용 경진대회 논문집
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• 제4회(2015년)
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• pp.251-256
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• 2015

In this paper, an systematic approach is presented, in which the bridge-type traffic sign structure is body out by CSDDA PrePost Processor. There is dead load and wind load that is working on the structure which will make force and moment. Analyzied the stress distribution of the standard form and by changing the shape, compared the safety in terms of deflection and stress (with the standard form) to know the effect of each component in the bridge-type traffic sign structure. The safety of deflection and stress is evaluated by maximum distance/100) and ASIC code respectively. The standard form of bridge-type traffic sign structure is established by two pairs of pillar and two pairs of floor beam. Replaced the links which is consist of flange and screws as the torsion spring and nm our analysis program. By adjusting variable of rigidity modulus of torsion spring, moment between column and beam is controled depending on value of rigidity modulus.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.411-426
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• 2015

Objective: The goal of this thesis is to design the interaction structure and framework of system to recognize sign language. Background: The sign language of meaningful individual gestures is combined to construct a sentence, so it is difficult to interpret and recognize the meaning of hand gesture for system, because of the sequence of continuous gestures. This being so, in order to interpret the meaning of individual gesture correctly, the interaction structure and framework are needed so that they can segment the indication of individual gesture. Method: We analyze 700 sign language words to structuralize the sign language gesture interaction. First of all, we analyze the transformational patterns of the hand gesture. Second, we analyze the movement of the transformational patterns of the hand gesture. Third, we analyze the type of other gestures except hands. Based on this, we design a framework for sign language interaction. Results: We elicited 8 patterns of hand gesture on the basis of the fact on whether the gesture has a change from starting point to ending point. And then, we analyzed the hand movement based on 3 elements: patterns of movement, direction, and whether hand movement is repeating or not. Moreover, we defined 11 movements of other gestures except hands and classified 8 types of interaction. The framework for sign language interaction, which was designed based on this mentioned above, applies to more than 700 individual gestures of the sign language, and can be classified as an individual gesture in spite of situation which has continuous gestures. Conclusion: This study has structuralized in 3 aspects defined to analyze the transformational patterns of the starting point and the ending point of hand shape, hand movement, and other gestures except hands for sign language interaction. Based on this, we designed the framework that can recognize the individual gestures and interpret the meaning more accurately, when meaningful individual gesture is input sequence of continuous gestures. Application: When we develop the system of sign language recognition, we can apply interaction framework to it. Structuralized gesture can be used for using database of sign language, inventing an automatic recognition system, and studying on the action gestures in other areas.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 청각장애인(농아인)과 비장애인의 수화 학습의 기회를 넓히고자 스마트폰용 3D 수화교육 앱을 개발하였다. 특히 한국어 문장을 자동으로 수화구조로 변환하는 수화단어 변환 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 또한, 자연스러운 수화 동작을 얻기위해 모션 캡처 시스템과 정확한 손동작 표현을 위해 데이터 글러브를 이용하여 실제 사람과 같은 3D 수화 애니메이션 DB를 구축하였다. 마지막으로 수화 애니메이션의 움직임을 실시간 3D 렌더링하여 화면에 보여주기 위해 UNITY 3D 엔진 프로그래밍이 이용되었다. 제안한 수화교육 앱 콘텐츠는 아이폰 앱스토어와 안드로이드 앱스토어에 약 1,300단어의 3D 수화 DB를 가지는 앱으로 배포 중이다.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.485-488
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• 2008

The structure supporting road sign is a road information facility for ensuring the safe transportation and smooth traffic. But, lots of road information facilities were damaged by the typhoon "Maemi" in 2003. Such damaged facilities should be rehabilitated and could increase economic loss by causing traffic accident. Therefore, in this study, behavior that reduce wind load and improve wind resistance of the structure supporting road sign are studied about wind load beyond design specification by abnormal climate as below. The first is wind load reducing technique such that shear key resist wind load that is not greater than design wind speed but in case that it is over the design wind limit, column member is rotated on the inner steel pipe axis by the brittle failure of shear key. The second is the technique such that fail-safe the overturning of road sign panel by equipment installation in the vertical member. The third is the technique of installing stiffening plate inside the vertical member to relieve stress concentration.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.339-359
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• 2019

본 연구는 서고 내부에서 이용자가 목표지에 보다 능률적으로 도달할 수 있도록 하기 위한 서고 Sign System의 구체적 적용에 대한 사례 및 과정을 밝히는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 S대학 중앙도서관의 서고 구조, Sign 현황, 이용자 관찰, 이용자 선호조사, 시안제작 등의 절차를 거쳐 도서관 서고 현장에 새로운 Sign을 적용하였다. 상세한 제작과정 및 이용자의 반응을 파악하고, 추후 대형 도서관 서고 Sign 제작 시 보완되어야 할 사항 등을 제언하였다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.39-55
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• 2024

최근 2022 개정 수학과 교육과정에 등호와 동치관계에 관한 성취기준이 신설됨에 따라 등호의 관계적 이해를 강조한 지도방안과 학생의 등호 이해를 살펴보려는 노력이 활발하다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 등호가 도입되는 1학년 1학기 덧셈과 뺄셈 단원을 등호의 관계적 이해를 강조하여 재구성하였으며, 재구성한 수업에 참여한 실험반 학생들과 일반 수업에 참여한 비교반 학생들 간의 등호이해를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 실험반과 비교반, 총 2개학급 학생을 대상으로 등호 이해에 관한 사전·사후 검사를 실시하고 결과를 비교·분석하였다. 연구 결과, 실험반 학생들은 비교반 학생들에 비해 등식 구조, 등호 정의, 등식해결의 모든 유형에서 평균이 유의미하게 높았다. 또한 문항별 분석 결과 'a=b'와 'a+b=c+d' 구조의 등식을 다룬 문항에서 비교반과 실험반의 평균이 큰 차이를 보였으며, 실험반 학생들은 대부분 등호의 의미로 '같다'를 옳다고 답했으나 여전히 '문제에 대한 답'으로 이해하는 응답도 많음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 등호의 도입 단원에서 관계적 이해를 강조한 지도 방안과 관련된 시사점을 논의하였다.