• PNF and Movement
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to understanding the constraint induced movement and Self-efficacy with arm training on upper motor function in Stroke Patients. Methods : Stroke, the leading cause of functional disability, causes a variety of impairments that compromise quality of life. Upper limb hemiparesis, a commonly seen impairment, is particularly problematic given its impact on activities of daily living. Because stroke was a disease to correspond to the first during domestic cause of death, and was accompanied by a lot of side aftereffects after a survival, stroke rehabilitation bought a patient and a family and a physical therapist, and it was main concern of. Results : Looks into upper extremity excrise of a subacute stroke patient estranged a acute convalescence later by a rehabilitation treatment in this consideration, and evaluates an effect to wind up constraint induced movement for an early treatment of stroke and Self efficacy, and help is one to an early rehabilitation of an stroke patient. Conclusions : Overuse sound tends after the stroke occurrence in the early stage in order to recompense for stroke, and at the time of a new aspect called learned nonuse syndrome by a movement of a paralysis part dusting off wealth with this step thing later. Constraint induced movement using self efficacy could be an effective for improving function of stroke.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 소방방화복의 무게가 최대 신체활동 후 신체의 평형성과 민첩성에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 소방공무원의 안전을 위한 기초자료 제공을 목적으로 한다. 신체의 정적평형성 평가를 위하여 눈감고 한발로 서기와 동적평형성 평가로는 평균대 걷기를 실시하였으며, 신체의 정적민첩성 평가는 전신반응검사 동적민첩성 평가는 반복 옆뛰기를 실시하였다. 연구결과 최대 지친 상태에서 소방방화복의 무게는 신체의 정적평형성과 동적민첩성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 향후 소방공무원의 안전을 위한 실제적인 연구에 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2019

Pain therapy often entails gastrointestinal adverse events. While opioids are effective drugs for pain relief, the incidence of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) varies greatly from 15% to as high as 81%. This can lead to a significant impairment in quality of life, often resulting in discontinuation of opioid therapy. In this regard, a good doctor-patient relationship is especially pivotal when initiating opioid therapy. In addition to a detailed history of bowel habits, patient education regarding the possible gastrointestinal side effects of the drugs is crucial. In addition, the bowel function must be regularly evaluated for the entire duration of treatment with opioids. Furthermore, if the patient has preexisting constipation that is well under control, continuation of that treatment is important. In the absence of such history, general recommendations should include sufficient fluid intake, physical activity, and regular intake of dietary fiber. In patients of OIC with ongoing opioid therapy, the necessity of opioid use should be critically reevaluated in terms of an with acceptable quality of life, particularly in cases of non-cancer pain. If opioids must be continued, lowering the dose may help, as well as changing the type of opioid. If these measures do not suffice, the next step for persistent OIC is the administration of laxatives. If these are ineffective as well, treatment with peripherally active ${\mu}$-opioid receptor antagonists should be considered. Enemas and irrigation are emergency measures, often used as a last resort.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.2359-2364
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• 2021

Background: Patients with stroke have limited ankle range of motion (ROM) due to soft tissue abnormalities around the ankle and thus experience functional impairment. Increased muscle tension and reduced ankle ROM impair gait and hinder the activities of daily living. Joint mobilization and stretching are effective interventions that improve gait performance by enhancing the ankle ROM. Objectives: To investigate the effects of ankle joint mobilization and calf muscle stretching on gait speed and gait performance in patients with stroke. Design: This was a randomized controlled trial. Methods: Twenty patients with stroke patients were randomized into two groups. The joint mobilization group (JMG) underwent anteroposterior mobilization of the talocrural joint and the joint mobilization stretching group (JMSG) underwent calf muscle stretching in addition to joint mobilization. Gait speed and gait parameters were measured using the 10-meter walk test and the GAITRite. Results: Both the JMG and JMSG groups showed significant improvements in gait speed, affected-side step length, and cadence after the intervention (P<.05). Conclusion: Joint mobilization and stretching were effective interventions for improving gait performance by enhancing ankle function in patients with stroke.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2022

Lane change in urban environments is a challenge for both human-driving and automated driving due to their complexity and non-linearity. With the recent development of deep-learning, the use of the RNN network, which uses time series data, has become the mainstream in this field. Many researches using RNN show high accuracy in highway environments, but still do not for urban environments where the surrounding situation is complex and rapidly changing. Therefore, this paper proposes a lane change possibility decision network by adopting Attention layer, which is an SOTA in the field of seq2seq. By weighting each time step within a given time horizon, the context of the road situation is more human-like. A total 7D vectors of x, y distances and longitudinal relative speed of side front and rear vehicles, and longitudinal speed of ego vehicle were used as input. A total 5,614 expert data of 4,098 yield cases and 1,516 non-yield cases were used for training, and the performance of this network was tested through 1,817 data. Our network achieves 99.641% of test accuracy, which is about 4% higher than a network using only LSTM in an urban environment. Furthermore, it shows robust behavior to false-positive or true-negative objects.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.481-495
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• 2021

This article assesses and estimates the progressive failure mechanism of complex pit-rest secondary toppling of slopes that are located within the vicinity of the Gas Flare Site of Refinery No. 4 in South Pars Special Zone (SPSZ), southwest Iran. The finite element numerical procedure based on the Shear Strength Reduction (SSR) technique has been employed for the stability analysis. In this regard, several step modelling stages that were conducted to evaluate the slope stability status revealed that the main instability was situated on the left-hand side (western) slope in the Flare Site. The toppling was related to the rock column-overburden system in relation to the overburden pressure on the rock columns which led to the progressive instability of the slope. This load transfer from the overburden has most probably led to the separation of the rock column and to its rotation downstream of the slope in the form of a complex pit-rest secondary toppling. According to the numerical modelling, it was determined that the Strength Reduction Factor (SRF) decreased substantially from 5.68 to less than 0.320 upon progressive failure. The estimated shear and normal stresses in the block columns ranged from 1.74 MPa to 8.46 MPa, and from 1.47 MPa to 16.8 MPa, respectively. In addition, the normal and shear displacements in the block columns ranged from 0.00609 m to 0.173 m and from 0.0109 m to 0.793 m, respectively.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.616-621
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• 2022

Numerical simulation is a good way to predict the conversion efficiency of solar cells without a direct experimentation and to achieve low cost and high efficiency through optimizing each step of solar cell fabrication. TOPCon industrial solar cells fabricated with n-type silicon wafers on a larger area have achieved a higher efficiency than p-type TOPCon solar cells. Electrical and optical losses of the front surface are the main factors limiting the efficiency of the solar cell. In this work, an optimization of boron-doped emitter surface and front electrodes through numerical simulation using "Griddler" is reported. Through the analysis of the results of simulation, it was confirmed that the emitter sheet resistance of 150 Ω/sq along the front electrodes having a finger width of 20 ㎛, and the number of finger lines ~130 for silicon wafer of M6 size is an optimized technology for the front emitter surface of the n-type TOPCon solar cells that can be developed.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2020

지구상 물의 총량 중 사람이 사용할 수 있는 담수는 지하수, 빙설 등을 제외하면 0.01 % 이하이기 때문에 물 관리 대응 필요성이 커지고 있다. 주요 국가들은 수자원을 보호하고 효율적으로 활용하기 위해서 자원의 채취단계에서 운영단계에 투입되는 물의 양을 정량적으로 추정할 수 있는 물 발자국 연구를 주로 농업 중심으로 진행하고 있다. 우리나라도 최근 물 부족에 대응하기 위하여 여러 정책을 진행 중에 있으며 건설산업에서도 정책개발은 물론 이를 뒷받침할 수 있는 기초연구의 필요성이 강조되고 있다. 본 연구는 도로의 배수공을 대상으로 공종에 투입되는 자원의 물 소모량을 산정하기 위하여 원료채취단계, 운반단계, 제작단계까지 분석 및 DB를 구축하였다. 물 사용량을 추정방법은 Water Footprint Manual과 환경성적표지 인증안내서에서 제시한 방법을 활용하였으며, 각 공정에 투입된 자재의 물소모계수, 취수원 수역에 따른 물 특성화 인자, 간접수 및 직접수를 고려한 물 발자국을 산정 후 배수공 주요 공법별 원단위 물 사용량을 산정하였다. 물발자국 산정 결과 배수공 자재 중 브라운 아스팔트, 철근, 레미콘이 전체 97 %를 차지하였다. 배수공법별은 암거공, 측구공, 암거날개벽, 철근콘크리트 개거가 전체 92.2 %를 차지하였다. 배수공 전체 단계별 산정된 물 소모량과 물발자국은 원료 채취단계, 운반단계, 제작단계 순으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 산정된 배수공 전체 자재나 배수공법별의 물발자국은 농업 분야와 건설업 분야 기초 자료로써 활용될 수 있다. 분석의 신뢰도를 높이기 위해서는 추후 국외의 데이터베이스를 더 찾아서 지속적인 검토 및 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.64-73
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• 2013

The purposes of this study were to develop a new orthosis controlling ankle and knee joint motion during the gait cycle and to identify the effects of the newly designed orthosis on gait kinematics and tempospatial parameters, including coordination of the extremities in stroke patients. Fifteen individuals who had sustained a stroke, onset was 16 months, participated in this study. Before application of the measurement equipment the subjects were accustomed to walking on the ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) or stance control knee with knee flexion assisted-oil damper ankle-foot orthosis (SCKAFO) for 5 minutes. Fifteen patients were investigated for 45 days with a 3-day interval between sessions. Measurements were walking in fifteen stroke with hemiparesis on the 3D motion analysis system. Comparison of AFO and SCKAFO are gait pattern. The difference between the AFO and SCKAFO conditions was significant in the gait velocity, step length of the right affected side, stance time of both legs, step-length asymmetry ratio, single-support-time asymmetry ratio, ${\phi}$-thigh angle and ${\phi}$-shank angle in the mid swing (p<.001). Using a SCKAFO in stroke patients has shown similar to normal walking speeds can be attained for walking efficiency and is therefore desirable. In this study, the support time of the affected leg with the SCKAFO was longer than with the AFO and the asymmetry ratio of single support time decreased by more than with the AFO. This indicates that the SCKAFO was effective for improving gait symmetry, single-support-time symmetry. This may be due to the decrease of gait asymmetry. Thus, the newly designed SCKAFO may be useful for promoting gait performance by improving the coordination of the extremity and decreasing gait asymmetry in chronic stroke patients.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2006

생활치 미백제와 알콜 전처리 과정이 상아질 접착에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 발거치 55개의 치관부 협측 상아질면에서 $Opalescence^{(R)}$(Ultradent사 미국)로 미백처리 후 즉시 $One-step^{(R)}$ 상아질 접착제(Bisco사, 미국)를 전 처치한 $Z-250^{(R)}$ 복합레진(3M-ESPE사, 미국) 접착군, 미백처리 2주후 레진 접착군, 미백처리 후 70% 에탄올 처리군, 그리고 미백처리하지 않은 대조군으로 나누어 실험한 다음 전단접착강도를 측정하고 95% 유의수준에서 일원변량분석법으로 통계분석 하였다. 생활치 미백제가 상아질 접착력을 현저히 감소시켰다. 미백처리 2주 후 레진 접착군은 미백처리하지 않은 대조군과 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으며 70% 에탄을 처리군은 미백처리하지 않은 대조군보다는 접착력이 낮았으나, 미백처리 2주 후 레진 접착군과는 차이가 없고 즉시 접착군보다는 높은 접착강도를 나타내었다. 따라서 임상에서 치아미백 후 즉시 레진수복을 할 경우, 에탄올로 전처리하면 상아질에서 레진 접착력을 회복할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.