• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2016

This research aimed to suggest a standard design that reflects Hanok design tendency, and present a selective design that can fulfill a building owner's intention beyond the simple function of building permit or report. In addition, this research attempted to become a standard by establishing a criterion in calculating the measurements of section design or primary framework members, in order to be a guideline for designing Hanok in different sizes and forms. The results are as follows. The building area of Hanok standard design was set to be below $85m^2$, with a straight type of $83.16m^2$ and an L-shape of $84.24m^2$. By dividing the plane into a straight type and L-shape, two straight types were suggested: 'general type' and 'large living room type.' The upper floor space, along with the main room and small room, was proposed as an option to be changed into a room where an underfloor heating is installed depending on the building owner's intention. In addition, a criterion for side design and calculation of framework measurements was suggested and applied, while a five-girder design without high pillars was suggested for material-assembling structure. Two types of pillars-circumference and square cylinder-were proposed for the building owner to choose from, and a pointed beam house and ikgong(orthogonally-projected bracket) house were suggested for pojak bracket structure so either of them could be chosen according to the building owner's taste and economic condition. Finally, the sectional size of main materials were divided according to the form of pojak bracket structure to be proposed.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2007

최근 건설 산업에서 FRP는 재료적 장점들 때문에 구조물의 보강재로서 높은 관심을 모으고 있다. 본 연구에서는 CFRP 보강량에 따른 철근콘크리트 보의 구조적 거동과 보강된 CFRP 종류에 따른 보의 연성에 대해 연구한 것이다. 실험에서 보강량을 증가시켜 실험했을 때 실험체를 겹 보강하는 것보다는 폭 보강하는 것이 더 효율적이었다. CFRP로 보강된 보의 파괴에서는 휨 파괴를 일으키면서 취성적인 양상을 보였다. 또한 에너지 비 측면에서 보의 대부분이 취성 파괴로 분류되었다. CFRP 플레이트에 비해 쉬트의 에너지 비가 전체적으로 50%를 넘고 겹 보강을 하지 않은 실험체는 약 70% 정도로 나타났다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.630-648
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 여러가지 하중조건하에서 단순지지된 보강원통셸의 최소중량화 설계문제를 CONMIN을 사용하여 해석하고, 일반적인 대칭적층[0/.+-..theta./90]$_{s}$ 의 복합 적층원통셸, 복합적층honeycomb sandwich원통셸, 그리고 보강된 복합적층원통셸의 최 소중량화 설계문제에도 확장 적용한다. 설계변수(design variable)로는 등방성재료 인 경우와 복합적층인 경우 최대 9개, 부등제한조건으로는 전체좌굴(general buckling ), 준전체좌굴(panel buckling), 판 및 보강재의 국부좌굴(local cripping), 로링모드 (rolling mode), 그리고 응력과 변형률제한 등의 성질제한조건(behavior constraints) 과 설계변수의 상, 하한을 나타내는 기하학적 제한(side constraints)등 최대 32개를 설정한다. 본 최소중량화 설계예에서는 보강재의 최적단면형상을 검토하기 위하여 직사각형(R)형, I형, 그리고 T형 단면 등의 보강재들을 사용한다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2008

보강판은 선박이나 해양구조물에서 폭넓게 사용되고 있는 기본적인 강도 부재이다. 이러한 보강판은 선박의 갑판부, 선측부, 선저부에 흔히 사용되고 있다. 보강판은 보강재가 어느 한 방향으로 또는 양방향으로 구성되어 있으며 후자에 대해서 보통 그릴리지라고 한다. 보강판의 좌굴 및 소성붕괴는 선각거더의 파손 원인이 되므로 좌굴 및 최종강도가 정확하게 규명할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 범용유한요소해석코드인 ANSYS를 이용하여 좌굴 및 좌굴 후 거동에 대한 평가를 수행하고 보강재 치수변화, 수압의 영향을 고려하여 압축최종강도에 대해 해석 수행하였다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

본 연구는 생태계 측면으로 블록체인 기술을 논의하고 각 구성 요소의 역할에 대하여 조사하였다. 본 연구에서 블록체인 생태계는 구성원이 분산 원장을 기반으로 새로운 가치(서비스)를 창출하기 위해 서로 공유하고 협업하는 네트워크 구조이다. 따라서 식물생태계와 비교하면, 블록체인 생태계의 구성 요소는 서비스 제공 업체(생산자), 서비스 사용자(소비자) 및 분산 원장 소유자(분해자)로 구성된다. 블록체인 생태계에서 분해자 역할을 하는 분산 원장은 중요한 요소이다. 블록체인 생태계의 가치를 유지하고 활성화하기 위해 분산 원장 소유자가 효율성을 확보 할 수 있는 환경을 구축하여야 생태계가 활성화 될 수 있다. 본 연구는 블록체인 생태계의 내부 관계를 이해하고 관련 연구에 기여할 뿐만 아니라 생태계를 활성화시키는 데 도움이 될 것이다. 본 연구의 한계는 탐구적인 연구를 기반으로 작성한 것이며, 향후에는 객관적인 자료를 기반으로 관련 논의가 되어야 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제33권6호통권134호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2005

본 연구는 각 결합부 조건에 따른 결합부의 강도적 성능 증가를 살펴보고자 하였다. 주 부재로 집성재를, 측면 부재로 3 mm 두께의 강철판을 사용하여 제작하였으며, 1 mm 두께의 강철판을 개수를 달리하여 집성재에 삽입하여 결합부를 제조하였다. 본 연구를 통해 아주 얇은 두께의 강철판이라도 대단면 부재인 집성재 내부에 삽입하여 결합부를 제조할 경우 강도에 상당한 증가를 보였다. 집성재 결합부는 강철판을 삽입하지 않은 A 그룹, 강철판을 1개 삽입한 B 그룹, 강철판을 2개 삽입한 C 그룹, 그리고 강철판을 3개 삽입한 D 그룹으로 각각 분류하였다. 강철판을 삽입하지 않은 A 그룹에 비해 강철판을 1개 삽입한 B 그룹은 최대값과 항복 하중값을 각각 18%, 13%, 강철판을 2개 삽입한 C 그룹은 27%, 20%, 강철판을 3개 삽입한 경우 33%, 24%의 강도 증가를 보였다. 하지만 집성재 내부에 얇은 두께의 강철판을 삽입하는데 필요한 추가적인 경제적 기술적 어려움으로 인해 강철판 삽입으로서 얻을 수 있는 강도적 성능 증가와 그에 따른 어려움을 충분히 고려해야 할 것이다.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 2002년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.280-287
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• 2002

Most Technological laws of Korea are almost identical to those of Japan. Electricity was not introduced to Korea until lighting ceremony in Kyong-Bok palace observed in 1887. Since Korea was annexed to Japan in 1910, Korea have applied Japanese law and regulations made by Chosun government-general. And public works were under Japan control. Korea accepted adopted the power plants of America, codes of NESC, ASME / ANSI, MEMA while Japan accepted or adopted only IEC. Our generation distribution system takes American style while our consumer side takes Japanese style. As global trade system was transferred GATT into WTO, the technological standards, certification, construction and testing are in harmony internationally. The WTO / TBT agreement came in effect after 12th, April, 1979. The sections in the agreement require the members to exchange their own standards and codes for the harmonized ones by degree. The Korean distribution system has a strong resemblance to American system so that the internal engineers are confused in application of the relevant standards. IEC60364 and NEC are technologically similar but practically unconvertible because both have their different originality, that is to say Europe and USA. This paper deals with the fundamental elements of electrical safety system on review of IEC 60364 and NEC. This paper considers how engineers should apply IEC60364 and NFPA 70(NEC) based on all-the-way review of them.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.94-101
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• 2015

When a severe disaster such as a building collapse occurs, a first priority for rapid rescue is to find a location where people are highly expected to be buried but alive. It is, however, very difficult to correctly designate the location of such cavities by conventional geophysical survey due to a pile of debris of building members. In this study, location of possible lifeguard cavities were evaluated through a series of simulations of building collapse by explosion depending on the height of the building, a structure of basement floor and a location of explosion. Three types of building structure: five-story, ten-story and fifteen-story were prepared as a model for the simulation. As a results, in the case of low building, only basement floor partially collapsed. On the other hand, in the case of high building, a collapsed range on the inside of the building increased and lifeguard spaces were formed only in the lateral side or corner of the building. In addition, when a wall exists in the basement floor, the possibility that cavities could be formed increased compared to the cases without wall. However, for the fifteen-story building case, no possible lifeguard cavity was found. It is noted that for a high rise building, the height of building more affect forming of safeguard cavity than the structure of the basement floor.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.497-506
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• 2000

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore and describe the experience of people with HIV/AIDS. Three men and three women with HIV/AIDS participated in the study. They were asked open-ended and descriptive questions in order for them to talk about their experience in their own terms. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed to maintain data integrity and to reduce perceptual bias. The transcripts were analyzed by the Colaizzi method. Member checks from the participants were used to validate the emergent themes. Seven themes emerged from the analysis. 1. People with HIV/AIDS have a strong impact and emotional reaction when receiving positive HIV test results. 2. All people with HIV/AIDS attempt to conceal HIV infection because of fear of stigma or rejection. 3. After the initial brief traumatic reaction to HIV/AIDS diagnosis, all participants feel lonely because they had no one to express or share their own experiences. 4. People with HIV/AIDS reflect on their life, think about the death and dying process and they become depressed. 5. Most participants feel that the family members who know his/her diagnosis are a big source of support. 6. According to the normativeness of infection route of HIV, the degree of guilty feeling differs among participants. 7. Although all participants think medication is a lifeline, the adherence to medication is not maintained because of side effects, denial and concealment of HIV/AIDS. The results of this study may help nurses and other health care workers to implement more efficient nursing strategies for people with HIV/AIDS by more deeply understanding their experience.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.195-200
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• 2004

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF family and potent inducer of apoptosis. TRAIL has been shown to effectively limit tumor growth in vivo without detectable cytotoxic side effects. Interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ often modulates the anti-cancer activities of TNF family members including TRAIL. We previously reported that IFN-${\gamma}$ enhanced TRAIL-induced Apoptosis in HeLa cells without the unknown mechanism. In this study, we investigated whether IRF-1 involves in IFN-${\gamma}$-enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis. We exposed HeLa cells to IFN-${\gamma}$ for 12 hours and then treated with recombinant TRAIL protein. No apoptosis was induced in cells pretreated with IFN-${\gamma}$, and TRAIL only induced 30% apoptosis after 3 hours treatment. In HeLa cells pretreated with IFN-${\gamma}$, TRAIL induced cell death to more than 75% at 3 hours, showed that IFN-${\gamma}$-pretreatment enhanced HeLa cell death to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. To investigate the functional role of IRF-1 in IFN-${\gamma}$-enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis, IRF-1 was overexpressed by using an adenoviral vector AdIRF-1. IRF-1 overexpression increased apoptotic cell death and significantly enhanced apoptotic cell death induced by TRAIL when infected cells were treated with TRAIL. Our findings show that IFN-${\gamma}$ enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis by IRF-1 in HeLa cells.