• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.930-937
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• 2011

The characteristics of mean velocity and turbulence have been analyzed in the circular open channel flow using PIV measurement data for a wide range of water depth. The measured data are fitted to a velocity distribution function over the whole depth of the open channel. Reynolds shear stress and mean velocity in wall unit are compared with the analytic models for fully-developed turbulent boundary layer. Both the mean velocity and Reynolds shear stress have different distributions from the two-dimensional boundary layer flow when the water depth increases over 50% since the influence of the side wall penetrates more deeply into the free surface. The cross-stream Reynolds normal stress also has considerably different distribution in view of its peak value and decreasing rate in the outer region whether the water depth is higher than 50% or not.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.193-196
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• 2011

Transmit antenna selection techniques are prominent since they exploit the spatial selectivity at the transmitter side. In the literature, antenna selection techniques assume full knowledge of the channel state information (CSI). In this paper, we consider that the CSI is not perfectly known at the transmitter; however, a quantized version of the channel coefficients is fed back by the users. We employ the non-uniform Lloyd-Max quantization algorithm which takes into consideration the distribution of the channel coefficients. Simulation results show that the degradation in the BER of the system with imperfect CSI at the transmitter is tolerable, especially when the transmit diversity order is high.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제53호
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• pp.157-169
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• 2005

This paper proposes an efficiently representing method of spatial cues on multichannel spatial audio coding. The Binaural Cue Coding (BCC) method introduced recently represents multichannel audio signals by means of Inter Channel Level Difference (ICLD) or Source Index (SI). We tried to express more efficiently ICLD and SI information based on Inter Channel Correlation in this paper. We adopt different spatial cues according to ICC and propose a compensation method of empty spectrums created by using SI. We performed a MOS test and measuring spectral distortion. The results show that the proposed method can reduce the bitrate of side information without large degradation of the audio quality.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.491-498
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• 2007

Flame characteristics of a methane-air premixed flame stabilized in a heat-regenerative small combustor were investigated experimentally. A small combustor having two counter-current shallow channels and a combustion space at one side was developed. In which the channel-gap was less the ordinary quenching distance of a stoichiometric methane-air premixed flame. Two design parameters of channel gap and thickness of the middle wall, which is located between two channels for unburned and burned gases, were varied. Flame stabilization conditions and characteristic flame behaviors were experimentally examined. Conclusively, Blowout conditions were governed mostly by the scale of the combustion space, and flashback conditions into the channel are dominated by the channel gap. Surface temperatures of the combustor were between 100 to 500$^{\circ}C$. Additionally, two distinctive flame stabilization modes of radiation and well-stirred?reaction were observed and their applicability was discussed.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.545-554
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• 2006

A widely tunable multi-channel grating cavity laser is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The device is implemented in Littman configuration with an echelle grating based on Rowland circle construction and realized by monolithically integrating all elements in an InP substrate. Lasing wavelength is selected by turning on an amplifier and the appropriate channel element in the array, and it is tuned by controlling light deflection electrically. The 6-channel device exhibits a tuning range of about 50 nm with a side mode suppression ratio of more than 30 dB. This is accomplished by adjusting the applied current of the dispersive element and phase control section.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.465-468
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• 2008

In this paper, ABAQUS, one of the implicit finite element codes, is used to analyze the U-channel Draw benchmark problem of NUMISHEET 2005. Forming and springback stages have been done consecutively to compare their results with the experimental ones. The main measures for comparing are the side wall curl and angle. The result by numerical analysis are shown generally to be correspondent with the experimental results that the max. error is confined under about 10%.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.81-84
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• 2006

To investigate the characteristics of water droplet on the gas diffusion layer from both upper-view and side-view of flow channel, a rig test apparatus was designed and fabricated with L-shape acryl plate in a $1mm{\times}1mm$ micro-channel. This experimental device is used to simulate the single droplet growth and its transport process under fuel cell operating condition. As a first step, we investigated the growth and transport of single water droplet with working temperature and air flow velocity. The contact angle and its hysteresis of water droplet at departing moment are measured and analyzed. It is expected that this study can provide the basic understanding of liquid water droplet behavior in gas flow channel and GDL interface during the PEM fuel cell operation.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.5304-5322
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• 2018

Since designing a feedback topology is a practical way to implement interference alignment at reduced cost of channel state information (CSI) feedback, six feedback topologies have been presented in prior works for a K-user multiple-input multiple-output interference channel. To fully reveal the potential benefits of the feedback topology in terms of the saving of CSI overhead, we propose a new feedback topology in this paper. By efficiently performing dimensionality-decreasing at the transmitter side and aligning interference signals at a subset of receivers, we show that the proposed feedback topology obtains substantial reduction of feedback cost over the existing six feedback designs under the same antenna configuration.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.961-970
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• 2017

차분전력분석공격은 추측하는 비밀 정보 값에 따라 계산한 중간 값을 전력 소비 모델에 대입하여 전력 소비량을 구한 후 실제 발생한 전력 소비량과 함께 분석하여 암호화에 쓰인 비밀 정보 값을 복원한다. 이 때 흔히 쓰이는 전력 소비 모델로는 해밍 웨이트 모델이나 해밍 디스턴스 모델이 있으며 좀 더 정확한 전력 소비 모델을 구하기 위해서 전력 모델링 기법을 이용한다. 하지만 공격 타켓이 되는 장비가 가정한 전력 소비 모델과 상이한 경우 중간 값에 해당하는 전력 소비량을 옳게 반영하지 못하는 문제가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 실제 공격 장비에서 측정한 소비 전력을 테이블 형태로 저장하여 전력 소비 모델로써 이용하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 암호화 과정에서 활용 가능한 정보(평문, 암호문 등)가 쓰이는 시점에서의 소비 전력을 이용한다. 이 방법은 사전에 탬플릿 구성을 할 필요가 없으며 실제 공격 장비에서 측정한 소비 전력을 이용하기 때문에 해당 장비의 소비 전력 모델을 정확하게 반영한다. 제안하는 방법의 성능을 확인하기 위해 시뮬레이션과 실험을 진행하였으며 제안하는 방법의 성능이 기존의 전력 모델링 기법보다 부채널 공격 성능이 향상됨을 확인하였다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.1079-1087
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• 2018

타원 곡선 암호 시스템의 주요 연산이 스칼라 곱셈 알고리즘은 부채널 분석에 취약함이 보고되어 왔다. 특히 알고리즘이 수행되는 동안 소비되는 전력 패턴 및 방출되는 전자파 패턴을 활용하는 부채널 분석에 취약하다. 이에 다양한 대응 기법이 연구되어 왔으나 데이터 종속 분기 유형, 중간 값에 따른 통계 특성 또는 데이터 간의 상호 관계 기반 공격에 대한 대응 기법 등 주 연산에 대한 대응 기법만 연구되어 왔을 뿐 비밀 키 비트 확인 단계에 대한 대응 기법은 연구되지 않았다. 이에 본 논문에서는 하드웨어로 구현된 이진 스칼라 곱셈 알고리즘에 대한 단일 파형 비밀 키 비트 종속 공격을 수행하여 전력 및 전자 파형을 이용하여 100% 성공률로 비밀 스칼라 비트를 찾을 수 있음을 보인다. 실험은 차분 전력 분석 대응 기법이 적용된 $Montgomery-L{\acute{o}}pez-Dahab$ ladder 스칼라 곱셈 알고리즘[13]을 대상으로 한다. 정교한 사전 전처리가 필요하지 않고 단일 파형만으로도 공격이 가능한 강력한 공격으로 기존 대응 기법을 무력화 시킬 수 있다. 따라서 이에 대한 대응 기법을 제시하고 이를 적용해야 함을 시사한다.