• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.23-31
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• 2010

The increasing demands on low-power, and low-complexity video encoder have been motivating extensive research activities on distributed video coding (DVC) in which the encoder compresses frames without utilizing inter-frame statistical correlation. In DVC encoder, contrary to the conventional video encoder, an error control code compresses the video frames by representing the frames in the form of syndrome bits. In the meantime, the DVC decoder generates side information which is modeled as a noisy version of the original video frames, and a decoder of the error-control code corrects the errors in the side information with the syndrome bits. The noisy observation, i.e., the side information can be understood as the output of a virtual channel corresponding to the orignal video frames, and the conditional probability of the virtual channel model is assumed to follow a Laplacian distribution. Thus, performance improvement of DVC systems depends on performances of the error-control code and the optimal reconstruction step in the DVC decoder. In turn, the performances of two constituent blocks are directly related to a better estimation of the parameter of the correlation channel. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to estimate the parameter of the correlation channel and also a low-complexity version of the proposed algorithm. In particular, the proposed algorithm minimizes squared-error of the Laplacian probability distribution and the empirical observations. Finally, we show that the conventional algorithm can be improved by adopting a confidential window. The proposed algorithm results in PSNR gain up to 1.8 dB and 1.1 dB on Mother and Foreman video sequences, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.683-684
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• 2005

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1275-1284
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• 2004

This paper discuss the acupoints and flowing of channel. The Acupoints issued from the Foot Taiyin channel's energy are seventy three. The acupoints issued from the Foot Shaoyang channel's energy are sixty two. The acupoints issued from the Foot Yangming channel's energy are sixty eight. The acupoints issued from the Hand Taiyang channel's energy are thirty six. The acupoints issued from the Hand Yangming channel's energy are twenty two. The acupoints issued from the Hand Shaoyang channel's energy are thirty two. The acupoints issued from the Du channel's energy are twenty eight. The acupoints issued from the Ren channel's energy are twenty eight. The acupoints issued from the Chong channel's energy are twenty two. The acupoints issued from the Foot Shaoyin channel are the Lianquan points of kidney channel on each side under the tongue. The total points above amount of three hundred and sixty five. Urinary Bladder Channel of Foot-Taiyang: The number of acupoints is 67. Gall Bladder Channel of Foot-Shaoyang: The number of acupoints is 44. Stomach Channel of Foot-Yangming: The number of acupoints is 45.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2009.01a
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• pp.381-384
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• 2009

In the Wyner-Ziv coding, compression performance highly depends on the quality of the side information since better quality of side information brings less channel noise and less parity bit. However, as decoder generates side information without any knowledge of the current Wyner-Ziv frame, it doesn't have optimal criterion to decide which block is more advantageous to generate better side information. Hence, in general, fixed block size motion estimation (ME) is performed in generating side information. By the fixed block size ME, the best coding performance cannot be attained since some blocks are better to be motion estimated in different block sizes. Therefore if there is a way to find appropriate ME block of each block, the quality of the side information might be improved. In this paper, we investigate the effects of variable block sizes of ME in generating side information.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.260-264
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• 2017

Process variation effect on arch-structured gate stacked array (GSTAR) 3-D NAND flash is investigated. In case of arch-structured GSTAR, a shape of the arch channel is depending on an alignment of photo-lithography. Channel width fluctuates according to the channel hole alignment. When a shape of channel exceeds semicircle, channel width becomes longer, increasing drain current. However, electric field concentration on tunnel oxide decreases because less electric flux converges into a larger surface of tunnel oxide. Therefore, program efficiency is dependent on the process variation. Meanwhile, a radius of channel holes near the bottom side become smaller due to an etch slope. It also affects program efficiency as well as channel width. Larger hole radius has an advantage of higher drain current, but causes degradation of program speed.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.49 no.12
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• pp.27-35
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• 2012

In this paper, we look into a Jong Nang Channel which is the origin of digital communications and has been used in Jeju Island since AD 1234. It is one kind of communication ways which informs people of whether a house owner is in one's house or not using its own protocol. It is comprised of three timber and two stone pillars whose one side has three holes respectively. In this paper, we analyze the Jong-Nang Channel both in the light of logic and bit error probability. In addition, we compare it with a conventional binary erasure channel when some errors occur over them respectively. We also show that a capacity of NOR channel approaches Shannon limit.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.68-75
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• 2013

This paper investigates the characteristics of waves generated by a flap-type wave maker in a two-dimensional wave channel. Measurements are carried out for various water depths, wave heights, periods, and lengths capacitance-type wave height gages. The experimental results are shown to satisfy the dispersion relation of the linear wave theory. For waves with a small height and long period, the wave profiles agree well with those of the linear wave theory. However, as the wave height and period become higher and shorter, respectively, it is shown that the wave profiles measured in the present experiments are different from the linear wave profiles, and the measured wave heights are smaller than the target wave heights, which may be due to the non-linearity of the waves. As the wave progresses toward the channel end, the wave height gradually decreases. This reduction in the wave height along the wave channel is explained by the wave energy dissipation due to the friction of the side walls of the channel. The performance of the wave absorber in the channel is found to be acceptable from the results of the wave reflection tests.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.49 no.9
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• pp.55-64
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• 2012

Until now, Side Channel Attack has been known to be effective to crack decrypt key such as smart cards, electronic passports and e-ID card based on Chip. Combination of Masking and shuffling methods have been proposed practical countermeasure. Newly, S.Tillich suggests biased-mask using template attack(TA) to attack AES with masking and shuffling. However, an additional assumption that is acquired template information previously for masking value is necessary in order to apply this method. Moreover, this method needs to know exact time position of the target masking value for higher probability of success. In this paper, we suggest new practical method called Biasing Power Analysis(BPA) to find a secret key of AES based on masking-shuffling method. In BPA, we don't use time position and template information from masking value. Actually, we do experimental works of BPA attack to 128bit secret key of AES based on masking-shuffling method performed MSP430 Chip and we succeed in finding whole secret key. The results of this study will be utilized for next-generation ID cards to verify physical safety.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2011

Wireless services and devices that use frequency increase more and more because of advancement of the industry. Therefore, the available spectrum band becomes increasingly insufficient. Cognitive Radio, which adaptively utilizes the vacant licensed spectrum band, is considered as an effective way to utilize the spectrum resource shortage. CR user should move from current allocated channel to vacant channel to avoid the interference to the primary user when the primary user appears in the current channel. In this case, CR system undergoes the break off time until handshake is completed. So, in order to guarantee the Quality of Service(QoS) of CR system, fast handshake method is required. In this paper, we propose the embedded control signal transmission technique to reduce the break off time. This method can transmit the control signals in data transmission period as well as the broadcasting period. Proposed method can improve the data throughput and decrease the break off time. Computer based simulation proves that our proposed scheme outperforms conventional one.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.1013-1022
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• 2014

Correlation Power Analysis (CPA) is a type of Side-Channel Analysis (SCA) that extracts the secret key using the correlation coefficient both side-channel information leakage by cryptography device and intermediate value of algorithms. Attack performance of the CPA is affected by noise and temporal synchronization of power consumption leaked. In the recent years, various researches about the signal processing have been presented to improve the performance of power analysis. Among these signal processing techniques, compression techniques of the signal based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been presented. Selection of the principal components is an important issue in signal compression based on PCA. Because selection of the principal component will affect the performance of the analysis. In this paper, we present a method of selecting the principal component by using the correlation of the principal components and the power consumption is high and a CPA technique based on the principal component that utilizes the feature that the principal component has different. Also, we prove the performance of our method by carrying out the experiment.