• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.12-25
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• 1996

The friction and wear behaviors of ceramics against steels with lubricants were investigated and compared with those observed in air. Lubrications wbre done by a water and a commercial engine oil as received. The investigated ceramics were $Al_{2}O_{3}$, SiC, and $Si_{3}N_{4}$. Steels with 0.2 wt.% C were heat treated to obtain tempered structure. A cylinder-on-plate tribometer with rotated sliding motion was used to carry out the experiments. In the experiments reported here, the ranges of different testing speeds and loads were used. It was found that the friction and wear characteristics of tested pairs were significantly influenced by environments. In water and oil environments the wear of ceramics was reduced from 10$^{-6}$ g/s down to 10$^{-8}$ g/s in dry sliding at the same values of the frictional power which are the products of the friction coefficient, the load and the sliding speed. SiC showed excellent wear resistant behavior in water sliding, which was the lowest among tested ceramics, but it was, very poor in oils. In case of $Si_{3}N_{4}$, the wear rates were very low under oil environment, but the highest in water. The wear rates of $Al_{2}O_{3}$ were very low in both lubricating conditions at low values of the frictional power, but high at high values of the frictional power.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2017

In this study, we investigate the effect of additive size on the densification and thermal conductivity of AlN ceramics with $MgO-CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2$ (MCAS) additives. Micro-sized MCAS powder prepared via melting and nano-sized MCAS powder synthesized via the polymeric complex method are used as sintering additives. We analyze the densification behavior of AlN added with 5 wt.% of MCAS by dilatometry as well as by isothermal sintering in the temperature range of $1300{\sim}1700^{\circ}C$. AlN exhibits higher sinterability with nano-MCAS than with micro-MCAS, and both specimens approach their maximum densities when sintered at $1600^{\circ}C$ for 4 h. The thermal conductivities of AlN with 5 wt% of nano- and micro-MCAS additives sintered at $1600^{\circ}C$ are 82.6 and 32.0 W/mK, respectively. We find that nano-MCAS is more effective in sintering of AlN ceramics at lower temperatures, and thus for enhancing their thermal conductivities.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.467-473
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• 2010

The objective of this study is to prepare lead-free thick film resistor (TFR) paste compatible with AlN substrate for hybrid microelectronics. For this purpose, CaO-ZnO-$B_2O_3-Al_2O_3-SiO_2$ glass system was chosen as a sintering aid of $RuO_2$. The effects of the weight ratio of CaO to ZnO in glass composition, the glass content and the sintering temperature on the electrical properties of TFR were investigated. $RuO_2$ as a conductive and glass powder were dispersed in an organic binder to obtain printable paste and then thick-film was formed by screen printing, followed by sintering at the range between $750^{\circ}C$ and $900^{\circ}C$ for 10 min with a heating rate of $50^{\circ}C$/min in an ambient atmosphere. The addition of ZnO to glass composition and sintering at higher temperature resulted in increasing sheet resistance and decreasing temperature coefficient of resistance. Using $RuO_2$-based resistor paste containing 40 wt%glass of CaO-20.5%ZnO-25%$B_2O_3$-7%$Al_2O_3$-15%$SiO_2$ composition, it is possible to produce thick film resistor on AlN substrate with sheet resistance of $10.6\Omega/\spuare$ and the temperature coefficient of resistance of 702ppm/$^{\circ}C$ after sintering at $850^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.999-1006
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• 1993

Si3N4(p)-SiC(p) composites were prepared by gas pressure sintering at 190$0^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. $\alpha$-SiC with average particle size of 0.48${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ were dispersed from zero to 50vol% in $\alpha$-Si3N4 with average particle size of 0.5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Y2O3-Al2O3 system was used as sintering aids. When 10vol% of SiC was added to Si3N4, optimum mechanical properties were observed; relative density of 98.8%, flextural strength of 930MPa, fracture toughness of 5.9MPa.m1/2 and hardness value of 1429kg/$\textrm{mm}^2$. Grain growth of $\beta$-Si3N4 was inhibited as the amount of added SiC was increased. SiC particles were found inside the $\beta$-Si3N4 intragrains in case of 10, 20 and 30vol%SiC added composites.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 1994

Si3N4 ceramics could be densified above 3.2g/㎤ with pressureless sintering at below 178$0^{\circ}C$ by coating Si3N4 and Y2O3 powder with an alumina sol. Substitution a portion of Al2O3 with AlN improved densification. Additional milling of the coated powder in large improvement in bending strength greater than 800 MPa (4-point).

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.491-499
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• 1987

Silicon nitride powder synthesized from Kimcheon quartzite and commercial reagents, AlN and Y2O3 powders were used to prepare the partially and fully stabilized Y-${\alpha}$-Sialon ceramics by the pressureless sintering at 1800$^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours in N2 atmosphere. Good mechanical properties of the prepared Y-${\alpha}$-Sialon ceramics were found over 0.4∼0.6 of the Yttrium solubility range, X, in the equation Yx(Si12-4.5x, Al4.5x)(O1.5x, N16-1.5x). The properties of these prepared Y-${\alpha}$-Sialon ceramics were compared with those prepared in the same way from a commercial Toshiba Si3N4 powder.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.169-172
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• 2006

In the present work, silicon nitride was fabricated with $Y_3Al_5O_{12}$ as sintering additive and its mechanical properties were investigated. Silicon nitride with 3, 5, 7wt% of $Y_3Al_5O_{12}$ was prepared and sintered by a Hot Pressing (HP) technique at 1750, $1800^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. The Process was fulfilled under different process pressures of 30, 45MPa respectively. Mechanical properties (density, strength, hardness, fracture toughness) were investigated as a function of $Y_3Al_5O_{12}$ contents in $Si_3N_4$. $Si_3N_4-Y_3Al_5O_{12}$ ceramics showed similar mechanical properties compared with $Si_3N_4-Y_2O_3-Al_2O_3$ ceramics. But its high temperature strength was higher than $Si_3N_4-Y_2O_3-Al_2O_3$ceramics considerably.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.95-100
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• 2007

In the present work, silicon nitride was fabricated with $Y_3Al_5O_{12}$ as a sintering additive and its mechanical properties were investigated. Silicon nitride with 3, 5, and 7wt% of $Y_3Al_5O_{12}$ was prepared and sintered by a Hot Pressing (HP) technique at 1750 and $1800^{\circ}C$ for 2 h. The process was performed under different process pressures of 30 and 45 MPa. Mechanical properties (density, strength, hardness, and fracture toughness) were investigated as a function of the $Y_3Al_5O_{12}$ content in $Si_3N_4$. $Si_3N_4\;-Y_3Al_5O_{12}$ ceramics showing similar mechanical properties compared with $Si_3N_4-Y_2O_3-Al_2O_3$ ceramics. But its high temperature strength was considerably higher than that of $Si_3N_4-Y_2O_3-Al_2O_3$ ceramics.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.444-449
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• 2010

Transparent ceramics are used in new technology because of their excellent mechanical properties over glasses. Transparent ceramics are nowadays widely used in armor, laser windows, and in high temperature applications. Silicon nitride ceramics have excellent mechanical properties and if transparent silicon nitride is fabricated, it can be widely used. h-BN has a lubricating property and is ductile. Therefore, adding h-BN to silicon nitride ceramics gives a lubricating property and is also machinable. Translucent silicon nitride was fabricated by hot-press sintering (HPS) and 57% transmittance was observed in the near infrared region. A higher wt. % of h-BN in silicon nitride ceramics does not favor transparency. The optical, mechanical, and tribological properties of BN dispersed polycrystalline $Si_3N_4$ ceramics were affected by the density, ${\alpha}:{\beta}$-phase ratio, and content of h-BN in sintered ceramics. The hot pressed samples were prepared from the mixture of $\alpha-Si_3N_4$, AlN, MgO, and h-BN at $1850^{\circ}C$. The composite contained from 0.25 to 2 wt. % BN powder with sintering aids (9% AlN + 3% MgO). A maximum transmittance of 57% was achieved for the 0.25 wt. % BN doped $Si_3N_4$ ceramics. Fracture toughness increased and wear volume and the friction coefficient decreased with an increase in BN content. The properties such as transmittance, density, hardness, and flexural strength decreased with an increase in content of h-BN in silicon nitride ceramics.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 2001

Through the observation of wear scar of two ceramic materials, microstructural wear mechanisms was investigated. As for the $Al_2O_3$-5 vol% SiC nanocomposite, the grain boundary fracture was suppressed by the presence of SiC nano-particles. The intragranular SiC particles have inhibited the extension of plastic deformation through the whole grain. Part of plastic deformation was accommodated around SiC particles, which made a cavity at the interface between SiC and matrix alumina. On the other hand, gas-pressure sintered silicon nitride showed extensive grain boundary fracture due to the thermal fatigue. The lamination of wear scar was initiated by the dissolution of grain boundary phase. These two extreme cases showed the importance of microstructures in wear behavior.