• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.999-1024
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• 2012

The Purpose of this study was to assess the willingness to pay(WTP) for the new road construction plan(slip road of urban highway which was advertising extensively to reduce the time to the core of metropolitan area) on housing prices using contingent valuation method(CVM). And this study was an empirical study which was based on the consciousness of residents whose apartment was within the Suwon Si's new plan of 47th road construction zone. In this study, it was revealed that the resident's WTP for the plan of new road construction which was built on the neighborhood of apartment was within the 10 percent of housing prices that was similar to the standard declared price of MLTM(Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs). And also revealed that the difference of sale prices of real estate company was 24 percent. The statistical assessment results show that both the resident's characteristic variables such as gender, incomes, size of apartment and the accessability variables such as distance to parks, schools, department stores, living facilities were positive effects on the prices of apartments significantly. Finally, the house has depreciated than that of MLTM and WTO since torpedoed the road construction plan. These results imply that, we have to take capital appreciation of the property into account due to road construction since the accessibility was very significantly positive internal effects on the apartment housing prices.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.80-87
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• 2009

This research was conducted to evaluate pyrolysis characteristics of the sludge discharged from paper mill process with sintering temperature. The sludge was composed of 70.72% of moisture, 9.52% of volatile solids, and 19.76% of ash, respectively. The sludge contained high 66.40% of $Fe_2O_3$ and CaO(15.80%), $Al_2O_3$(9.42%), and $SO_3$(3.75%) components, and minor $SiO_2$, $Na_2O$, and $Cr_2O_3$ were also contained in it. The other components except $Fe_2O_3$ and $Cr_2O_3$ were slightly decreased with increase of sintering temperature. Specific surface area of the sludge before sintering was $130m^2/g$ and ones after sintering at $400^{\circ}C$ and $700^{\circ}C$ were $114m^2/g$ and $33m^2/g$ respectively. Specific surface area of sludge was decreased with increase of sintering temperature. From the result of TG-DTA, it was shown that weight of the sludge was decreased by moisture and organic loss until $600^{\circ}C$ and decreased by volatilization of metal components and additional combustion of carbon until $800^{\circ}C$.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.354-362
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• 2017

We investigated the improvement in electrical characteristics of large AlGaN/GaN on Si Schottky barrier diode (SBD) induced by structural change to achieve a better trade-off between the forward and reverse performance to obtain high power conversion efficiency in PFC converter. Using an optimized dry etch condition for a large device, we fabricated three-types of SBD with 63 mm channel width: conventional, recessed, recessed dual-anode-metal SBD. The recessed dual-anode-metal SBD exhibited a very low turn-on voltage of 0.34 V, a high forward current of 1.63 A at 1.5 V, a leakage current of $114{\mu}A$ at -15 V, a breakdown voltage of 794 V.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.6 no.S1
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• pp.110-114
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• 1997

Development of metal ion source growth of high quality Cu metal film formation of non-stoichiometric $SnO_2$ films of Si(100), and modification fo polymer surface by low enregy ion beam have been carried out at KIST Ion Beam Lab. A new metal ion source with high ion beam flux has been developed by a hybrid ion beam (HIB) deposition and non-stoichiometric $SnO_2$ films are controlled by supplying energy. The ion assisted reaction (IAR) in which keV ion beam is irradiated in reactive gas environment has been deveolped for modifying the polymers and enhancing adhesion to other materials and advantages of the IAR have been reviewed.

• BMB Reports
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2015

The COX-2/$PGE_2$ pathway has been implicated in the occurrence and progression of cancer. The underlying mechanisms facilitating the production of COX-2 and its mediator, $PGE_2$, in cancer survival remain unknown. Herein, we investigated $PGE_2$-induced COX-2 expression and signaling in HL-60 cells following menadione treatment. Treatment with $PGE_2$ activated anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL while reducing pro-apoptotic proteins, thereby enhancing cell survival. $PGE_2$ not only induced COX-2 expression, but also prevented casapse-3, PARP, and lamin B cleavage. Silencing and inhibition of COX-2 with siRNA transfection or treatment with indomethacin led to a pronounced reduction of the extracellular levels of $PGE_2$, and restored the menadione- induced cell death. In addition, pretreatment of cells with the MEK inhibitor PD98059 and the PKA inhibitor H89 abrogated the $PGE_2$-induced expression of COX-2, suggesting involvement of the MAPK and PKA pathways. These results demonstrate that $PGE_2$ signaling acts in an autocrine manner, and specific inhibition of $PGE_2$ will provide a novel approach for the treatment of leukemia.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.114-123
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• 1998

The multi-resonant converter(MRC) minimizes a parasitic oscillation by using the resonant tank circuit absorbed parasitic reactances existing in a converter circuit. So it si possible that the converter operated at a high frequency has a high efficiency because the losses are reduced. Such a MHz high frequency applications provide a high power density [W/inch3] of the converter. But the resonant voltage stress across a switch of the resonant tank circuit is 4~5 times a input voltage. This h호 voltage stress increases the conduction loss because of on-resistance of a MOSFET with higher rating. Thus, in this paper we proposed the alternated multi-resonant converter (AT MRC) differ from the clamp mode multi-resonant converter and applicated it to the forward MRC. The AT forward MRC can reduce the voltage stress to 2~3 times a input voltage by using two series input capacitor. The control circuit is simple because tow resonant switches are driven directly by the output pulse of the voltage controled oscillator. This circuit type is verified through the experimental converter with 48V input voltage, 5V/50W output voltage/power and PSpice simulation. the measured maximum voltage stress is 170V of 2.9 times the input voltage and the maximum efficiency of 81.66% is measured.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2017

Protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) is an important epigenetic regulator in eukaryotic cells. During encystation, an essential process for Acanthamoeba survival, the expression of a lot of genes involved in the encystation process has to be regulated in order to be induced or inhibited. However, the regulation mechanism of these genes is yet unknown. In this study, the full-length 1,059 bp cDNA sequence of Acanthamoeba castellanii PRMT1 (AcPRMT1) was cloned for the first time. The AcPRMT1 protein comprised of 352 amino acids with a SAM-dependent methyltransferase PRMT-type domain. The expression level of AcPRMT1 was highly increased during encystation of A. castellanii. The EGFP-AcPRMT1 fusion protein was distributed over the cytoplasm, but it was mainly localized in the nucleus of Acanthamoeba. Knock down of AcPRMT1 by synthetic siRNA with a complementary sequence failed to form mature cysts. These findings suggested that AcPRMT1 plays a critical role in the regulation of encystation of A. castellanii. The target gene of AcPRMT1 regulation and the detailed mechanisms need to be investigated by further studies.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.111-114
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• 2001

This paper presents the influence of the additive composition on flexural strength and hardness of SiC-TiC composites materials for spectacle lens cutting materials. The materials were hot-pressed at $1800^{\circ}C$ and subsequently annealed at $1910^{\circ}C$ for 3h. The heating rate was $15^{\circ}C/min$ and the cooling rate about $25^{\circ}C/min$ in from the sintering temperature to $1300^{\circ}C$. The growth of particles of spectacle lens cutting materials was analysed by SEM and crystalline phases were discussed by x-ray diffractometry. Typical fracture toughness and hardness of materials for spectacle lens cutting were $6.1MPa{\cdot}m^{1/2}$ and 14.9 GPa, respectively.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.114-117
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• 2011

We report our efforts on the development of Nb-based non-hysteretic Josephson junction fabrication process for quantu device applications. By adopting and modifying the existing Nb-aluminum oxide tunnel junction process, we develop a process for non-hysteretic Josephson junction circuits using metal-silicide as metallic barrier material. We use sputter deposition of Nb and $MoSi_2$, PECVD deposition of silicon oxide as insulator material, and ICP-RIE for metal and oxide etch. The advantage of the metal-silicide barrier in the Nb junction process is that it can be etched in $SF_6$ RIE together with Nb electrode. In order to define a junction area precisely and uniformly, end-point detection for the RIE process is critical. In this paper, we employed thin Al layer for the etch stop, and optimized the etch condition. We have successfully demonstrated that the etch stop properties of the inserted Al layer give a uniform etch profile and a precise thickness control of the base electrode in Nb trilayer junctions.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.101-114
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• 2008

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Hwagae-san extract(HGSE) on the peritoneal macrophage. Methods : To evaluate anti-inflammatory effects of HGSE, We measured cytokines(interleukin-6; IL-6, interleukin-12; IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$; TNF-${\alpha}$) and nitric oxide(NO) production in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced macrophages. Furthermore, We examined molecular mechanism using western blot and also LPS-induced endotoxin shock. Results : 1. HGSE did not have any cytotoxic effect in the peritoneal macrophages. 2. HGSE reduced LPS-induced IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-12 and NO production in peritoneal macrophages. 3. HGSE inhibited the activation of extracelluar signal-regulated kinase(ERK), C-Jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) but not of p38, degradation of IkB-${\alpha}$ in the LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. 4. HGSE inhibited the production of TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6 and IL-12 in serum after LPS injection. Conclusion : These results suggest that HGSE may inhibit the production of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, and IL-12 through inhibition of ERK and JNK activation, and that HGSE may be beneficial for inflammatory diseases.