• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.645-652
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze, in real time, the glide motion and release motion of domestic athletes and gold and bronze medalists employing the glide technique for the men's shot put at the Daegu World Athletic Championship in 2011. In the glide motion, the Korean athletes had a relatively high body center and shot put heights and lager stretching angles for their hips and knees. In the delivery phase, which shifts to the release phase, the Korean athletes showed slower vertical body center and shot put speeds, and they changed the phase, to the release phase by using a small body angle. In the release phase, the Korean athletes showed differences in their projection speeds and vertical body center speeds. The world-famous players showed high angle speeds, which refer to the composition of the rotation force at the moment of release (body, hip, and shoulder line). In the release phase, the Korean athletes did not have fully stretched hip and knee angles, which might have negatively influenced the vertical speed. Because the Korean athletes showed relatively low projection heights and projection angles. it was found that they need to enhance the muscular power of their, throwing arms and lower limbs.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5148-5154
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• 2012

본 논문은 포환던지기 여자 기록보유자의 실제 경기에서 포환과 신체 무게중심의 운동학적 특성을 분석하는데 있다. 이를 위해 2대의 비디오카메라를 이용하여 촬영 한 후, 3차원 영상분석을 위해 DLT 방법을 이용하였으며, 자료 분석을 위해 Kwon3D 프로그램을 이용하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 포환의 투사 속도와 투사 높이는 각각 13.73 m/s, 198.6 cm(신장비 119%)로 선행연구들과 비교했을 때, 최적의 수행을 한 것으로 판단되나 투사 각도는 $34^{\circ}$로 다소 작게 나타났다. 둘째, 신체 무게중심의 이동은 글라이드 구간에서 투사 방향으로의 이동이 필요하며, 딜리버리 구간에서 신체 무게중심의 상하 이동을 제어해야 한다. 셋째, 릴리즈 순간 신체 무게중심의 좌우방향과 상하방향의 흔들림 없이 정확한 타이밍에 포환이 투사되어야 한다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.631-638
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• 2011

This study had two purposes. The first was to analyze the period of the final record set by the male shot-putters in the IAAF World Championships, Daegu 2011 from the point of view of kinematics. The other was to identify an efficient movement for shot putting based on the analysis. The research used the eight finalists of in the championship as subjects. We analyzed the seven most important kinematic factors in shot putting based on the type of technique: the execution time of the delivery phase, release velocity, release angle, release, center of mass (COM) velocity, and shot trajectories. The analytical results showed the following average figures for the record 12 meters: execution time of the delivery phase: (0.19 s), release height: (2.06 m), release angle: ($34.68^{\circ}$), release velocity: (13.25 m/s), angular velocity of shoulder: ($922.38^{\circ}/s$), and angular velocity of pelvis: ($479.50^{\circ}/s$). Further, the results showed that the highest COM velocity was 2.25 m/s and the shot trajectories were close to a straight line in the release phase.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2009

Since video is composed of unstructured data with massive storage and linear forms, it is essential to conduct various research studies to provide the required contents for users who are accustomed to dealing with standardized data such as documents and images. Previous studies have shown the occurrence of undetected and false detected shots. This thesis suggested shot verification and video retrieval system using visual rhythm to reduce these kinds of errors. First, the system suggested in this paper is designed to detect the parts easily and quickly, which are assumed as shot boundaries, just by changing the visual rhythm without playing the image. Therefore, this enables to delete the false detected shot and to generate the unidentified shot and key frame. The following are the summaries of the research results of this study. Second, during the retrieving process, a thumbnail and keyword method of inquiry is possible and the user is able to put some more priorities on one part than the other between the color and shape. As a result, the corresponding shot or scene is displayed. However, in the case of not finding the preferred shot, the key picture frame of similar shot is supplied and can be used in the further inquiry of the next scene.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2012

본 논문은 얼굴 검출을 이용한 숏의 유형을 판단하는 방법론을 제시한다. 클로즈 업 숏이나 미디엄 숏, 롱 숏과 같은 숏의 유형은 영화의 서사 구조를 파악하는 주요한 단서이다. 클로즈 업을 통해 감독은 등장인물의 감정 상태를 묘사하고 롱 숏을 통해 인물이 처한 상황이나 배경을 묘사하게 된다. 인물의 심리나 감정의 변화, 인물이 처한 상황을 묘사하는 숏의 여러 유형은 인물과 카메라의 거리에 의해 결정된다. 따라서 화면에 등장하는 인물의 얼굴 크기를 알아내어 숏의 유형을 판단할 수 있다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 얼굴 검출을 통해 숏의 유형을 감지하는 방법론을 제시하고 시스템으로 구현하여 성능을 평가한다. 평가실험에서 클로즈 업 숏과 미디엄 숏의 감지 성능은 95%와 90%로 비교적 높게 나타났지만 얼굴의 윤곽이 불분명한 롱 숏의 경우 53.3%로 측정되었다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.161-171
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify biomechanical characteristics of glide and delivery motion of In-Sung Hwang, player who is a member of the national team among the finalists in the men's shot put at the 2010 National Sports Festivals. Three-Dimensional motion analysis using a system of 3 video cameras at a sampling frequency of 60 Hz was performed for this study. During the glide and delivery phase the results showed following characteristics; 1) The glide type was suitable for the short-long technique, but the trajectory of shot at the glide and delivery phase showed a different trajectory pattern with "S-shaped" type of elite players due to many deviating from central axis of the APSS(athletic-plus shot system). 2) Left knee was more flexed during failed trials compared to successful trials but COG was higher. Therefore, the player showed less stability of COG as he may not get enough breaking force at the left foot. 3) Furthermore, it would be required to have strong muscle power at the trunk, throwing arm, and the lower extremity in order to achieve maintain a low projection angle of the release.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.295-306
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to provide high school male shot putters training methods of gliding and delivery motion through comparative analysis of kinematic characteristics. To accomplish this purpose, three dimensional motion analysis was performed for the subjects(PKC, KKH, YDL) who participated in high school male shot putter competition on 92nd (2011), 93rd (2013) National Sports Festival. The subjects were filmed by four Sony HXR-MC2000 video cameras with 60 fields/s. The three-dimensional kinematic data of the glide, conversion and delivery phase were obtained by Kwon3d 3.1 version. The data of the shoulder rotational angles and projection angles were calculated with Matlab R2009a. The following conclusions had been made. With the analysis of the gliding and stance length ratio, the gliding length was shorter at the TG than the SG with short-long technique but the gliding and stance length ratio was 46.8:53.2% respectively. The deviation of the shots trajectory from APSS(Athlete-plus-shot-system) revealed that the PKC showed similar to "n-a-b-c-I" of skilled S-shape type, KKH and YDL showed "n-a-d-f-I'" of unskilled type. Furthermore, they showed smaller radial distance from the central axis of the APSS and the shots were away from the linear trajectory. From this characteristics, The PKC who performed more TG than SG had shorter glide with S-shape of APSS(skilled type) showed the better record than others with technical skill. But KKH and YDL had bigger glide ratio with "n-a-d-f-I'" of unskilled type and improved their records with technical factor. The projection factor had an effect on the record directly. Because PKC maintained more lower glide and transition posture with momentum transfer through COG's rapid horizontal velocity respectively the subject possessed the characteristics of high horizontal and vertical velocity with large turning radius from shot putter to APSS.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.639-644
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to provide quantified data on the throwing skills of world-class athletes and to analyze the kinematic variables for women shot-putters at the IAAF World Championships Daegu 2011. Three-dimensional motion analyses of the eight players who qualified for the final round were carried out to obtain the data. The Kwon3D XP program was used for image analysis of the kinematic data, which included the configurations of each joint. The following conclusions were arrived at. The throwing distance increased with an increase in the release speed, and a significant correlation (p <. 01) was observed between the throwing distance and release speed. It was also shown that players using the spin technique increased their release speed with a fast shoulder-rotation-angle speed. The release height varied with their height and showed a significant difference with the record. This showed that the release angle did not greatly influence the record for the game, but varied with their technical and physical characteristics. Therefore, an increase in release speed is required to improve the record.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.159-171
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to provide information about kinematic variables of the gliding and delivery motion of Hyung-Keun Lee, a high school shot putter who was ranked 1st at the 2011 National Sports Festivals. Three-Dimensional motion analysis using a system of 4 video cameras at a sampling frequency of 60 Hz was conducted during shot-putting events at the 2011 National Sports Festivals. During the gliding and delivery phase of the player the results showed following characteristics; 1) The gliding technique types of the player appeared to be the short-long technique as the gliding and stance length ratio were $42.3{\pm}3.87$ % and $57.7{\pm}3.87$ %, respectively. In addition, the trajectory of shots during the gliding and delivery phase showed different trajectory patterns with "S-shaped" type of elite players due to the deviation from a central axis of the APSS (athletic-plus shot system). 2) The horizontal velocity of COG made from gliding should maintain the velocity during transition and release phase, but the player showed a small momentum for a gradual decrease of velocity. 3) Therefore, the player requires to adjust an appropriate ratio between gliding and stance length with a strong muscle power at the trunk, throwing arm, and the lower extremity during gliding and delivery phase.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.3608-3626
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• 2021

The detection of bolts is an important task in high-speed train inspection systems, and it is frequently performed to ensure the safety of trains. The difficulty of the vision-based bolt inspection system lies in small sample defect detection, which makes the end-to-end network ineffective. In this paper, the problem is resolved in two stages, which includes the detection network and cascaded classification networks. For small bolt detection, all bolts including defective bolts and normal bolts are put together for conducting annotation training, a new loss function and a new boundingbox selection based on the smallest axis-aligned convex set are proposed. These allow YOLOv3 network to obtain the accurate position and bounding box of the various bolts. The average precision has been greatly improved on PASCAL VOC, MS COCO and actual data set. After that, the Siamese network is employed for estimating the status of the bolts. Using the convolutional Siamese network, we are able to get strong results on few-shot classification. Extensive experiments and comparisons on actual data set show that the system outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms in bolt inspection.