• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2010

Daily samples were collected during summer in order to analyse changes in the mesozooplankton community and to identify the major environmental factors that may influence mesozooplankton abundance in Jangmok Bay. A single site in the bay was sampled 47 times from July to September 2003. Mesozooplankton community, hydrographic (watertemperature, salinity, dissolvedoxygen) and biological (chlorophyll-a, ciliates densities, Noctiluca scintillans densities) factors were determined. The mesozooplankton abundance varied remarkably from 954 to $14,816\;inds.\;m^{-3}$. The six taxa of Evadne tergestina, barnacle nauplii and cypris, Paracalanus parvus s.1., Acartia omorii, Penilia avirostris and Sagitta crassa dominated numerically, contributing 86% of total mesozooplankton abundance. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was applied to find correlation between environmental factors and fluctuation in the abundance of dominant species and mesozooplankton. A. omorii was significantly correlated with temperature and N. scintillans densities. E. tergestina was correlated with temperature, salinity, and ciliate densities, whereas P. avirostris was correlated with temperature and dissolved oxygen. Among the environmental factors, mesozooplankton abundance correlated most strongly with N. scintillans densities. Accordingly, N. scintillans may be a key player in controlling the fluctuation of mesozooplankton abundance as a strong competitor for same food resources.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.298-306
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• 2001

As fuel burnup proceeds, thermal gradients, differential swelling, and inter-assembly loading may induce assembly duct bowing. Since duct bowing affects the reactivity, such as long or short term power-reactivity-decrement variations, handling problem, caused by top end deflection of the bowed assembly duct, and the integrity of the assembly duct itself. Assembly duct bowing were first observed at EBR-ll in 1965, and then several designs of assembly ducts and core restraint system were used to accommodate this problem. In this study, NUBOW-2D KMOD was used to analyze the bowing behavior of the assembly duct under the KALIMER(Korea Advanced Liquid MEtal Reactor) core restraint system conditions. The mechanical behavior of assembly ducts related to several design parameters are evaluated. ACLP(Above Core Load Pad) positions, the gap distance between the ducts, and the gap distance between the duct and restraint ring were selected as the sensitivity parameter for the evaluation of duct deflection.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.588-597
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• 2009

Measurements of atmospheric $CO_2$ were made in the mountainous region of Srinagar-Garhwal, India (January to December 2006). Concentrations of $CO_2$ averaged $393\pm4.9$ ppm in 2006. Daily variations of $CO_2$ values showed minimum during the daytime (376.2 ppm) and peaked in the morning/evening (410.1 ppm). At monthly intervals, the $CO_2$ values varied from $367\pm11.14$ (May) to $425.2\pm13.54$ ppm (March). If divided on a seasonal basis, the values declined to minimum amounts in post-monsoon ($389.9\pm9.0$ ppm) and reached maximums during winter ($397.1\pm11.6$ ppm). Although phenology is significant in controlling $CO_2$ levels, short-term changes cannot be explained without the anthropogenic perturbations (e.g., vehicular pollution and forest fires). The $CO_2$ concentrations in Srinagar-Garhwal (393.4 ppm) were generally higher than those of other major monitoring locations around the world.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2005

We investigated the seasonal variability of tree alkaline phosphatase activity in seawater and alkaline phosphatase hydrolysable phosphorus (APHP) at 3 stations in Hiroshima Bay using alkaline phosphatase extracted from the dinoflagellates Alexandrium tamarense and Gymnodinium catenatum. The dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) was lower than $1\;{\mu}M$ all samples; the lowest values were in May. The amount of APHP was high at the surface and bottom waters of all stations in May, showing DIP-depleted conditions. In August and November, the amount of APHP was much less than the amount of APHP in May, indicating that the availability of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) for these species was low and/or uptake during the dinoflagellate blooming might have occurred in the area. The results obtained from short-term variations of AP activity might suggest that the growth of dinoflagellates in this season may be partly supported by the AP produced by other diatoms.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2018

In this study we conducted a weekly monitoring exercise at a fixed station in the saltwater zone during the dry season (Jan-Mar, 2013) and wet season (Jun-Aug, 2013) to understand the fluctuations in phytoplankton communities and environmental factors in the Youngsan River estuary altered by a dike constructed in the coastal area. Phytoplankton communities displayed seasonality; diatoms were dominant during the dry season whereas dinoflagellates were dominant during the wet season. T-test analysis showed that water temperature was significantly different between the seasons whereas freshwater discharge from the dike was not significantly different. This suggests that seasonal variations of phytoplankton are more likely affected by water temperature than freshwater discharge. However, a short-term fluctuation was also observed in response to freshwater discharge; freshwater species appeared during or after the discharge in the dry and wet seasons and blooms of harmful species developed after the discharge. Phytoplankton communities may be affected by changes in physical factors such as turbidity and salinity and nutrient supply resulting from freshwater discharge. Especially, the nutrient supply may directly contribute to the harmful algal blooms (HABs) composed of dinoflagellates which can adapt to low salinity after freshwater discharge.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2022

Ready-made Garments (RMG) export earnings, which are almost 80% of the total exports of Bangladesh, have been recognized as one of the main catalysts for the recent development of the country. Therefore, the need to determine whether the RMG export had served as a mechanism for increasing the GDP growth as well as the economic development of the country is topical and pressing. We have applied the Johansen Co-integration test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to reveal the linkage of RMG export earnings and other variables with the GDP growth rate in Bangladesh. Using data from 1990 to 2020 for Bangladesh, we have found long-run as well as short-run associations among RMG Export earnings, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and GDP growth. A co-integration among the variables is validated through the Johansen Co-integration test. Moreover, a causal correlation running from RMG export earnings to GDP was revealed by the Granger causality test in the long run. Finally, we estimated impulse response functions to observe the variations of model variables in response to a shock. Our result supports the proposition that RMG export earnings are one of the main growth engines in Bangladesh and this sector leads growth in other sectors also in the long term.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.914-925
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• 2011

The variation of streamflow is regarded as one of the most influential factors on the fluctuation of water quality in the stream. The characteristics of the variation should be taken into account in the plans for the management of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). This study analysed and characterized spatial distribution and temporal variation of streamflow at each unit watershed in Guem-river basin. For the analysis of the distribution of streamflow, the type and the extent of the distribution were investigated for the unit watershed. For the analysis of the variation, short and long term changes of streamflow were examined. The result showed that most of the distributions were not log-normalized and the extent of variation tends to be greater at the unit watershed placed on the tributaries in the basin. A kind of margin could be granted to the unit watershed involving high variations so as to establish the water quality goal and load allotment more reasonably and effectively in view of whole waterbody.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
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• pp.149-149
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• 2022

Accurate quantitative evaluation of baseflow contribution to streamflow is imperative to address seasonal drought vulnerability, flood occurrence and groundwater management concerns for efficient and sustainable water resources management in watersheds. Several baseflow separation algorithms using recursive filters, graphical method and tracer or chemical balance have been developed but resulting baseflow outputs always show wide variations, thereby making it hard to determine best separation technique. Therefore, the current global shift towards implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in water resources is employed to compare the performance of deep learning models with conventional hydrograph separation techniques to quantify baseflow contribution to streamflow of Piney River watershed, Tennessee from 2001-2021. Streamflow values are obtained from the USGS station 03602500 and modeled to generate values of Baseflow Index (BI) using Web-based Hydrograph Analysis (WHAT) model. Annual and seasonal baseflow outputs from the traditional separation techniques are compared with results of Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and simple Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) models. The GRU model gave optimal BFI values during the four seasons with average NSE = 0.98, KGE = 0.97, r = 0.89 and future baseflow volumes are predicted. AI offers easier and more accurate approach to groundwater management and surface runoff modeling to create effective water policy frameworks for disaster management.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.101-112
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• 2007

2001년 8월부터 9월 사이에 인천연안 수역에서 발생된 초가을 식물플랑크톤 대증식기에 식물플랑크톤과 종속영양 원생동물 군집의 단주기 변동에 대하여 조사하였다. 조사기간 동안 엽록소-$\alpha$ 농도의 분포는 $1.8-19.3\;{\mu}g\;l^{-1}$로 분포 하였으며, 첫 번째 대증식기에 가장 높은 농도를 보였다. 소형 엽록소-${\alpha}({\gt}20\;{\mu}m)$는 대증식기 동안에 엽록소-$\alpha$ 농도의 80% 이상을 차지하였고, 미소형 엽록소-${\alpha}(3-20\;{\mu}m)$ 대증식기 전과 대증식기 후에 전체의 42%를 차지하였으며, 대증식기 사이에는 극미소 엽록소-${\alpha}({\lt}3\;{\mu}m)$에 의해 50% 이상을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 식물플랑크톤 군집은 대증식기 사이에는 독립영양 극미소플랑크톤에 의해 우점 하였으며, 대증식기 전과 대증식기 후에는 독립영양 미소편모류에 의해 우점 하였고, 두 번의 대증식기에는 규조류에 의해 높은 우점률을 보였다. 특히 대증식기에 관찰된 규조류의 개체수는 Chaetoceros pseudocrinitus와 Eucampia zodiacus에 의해 50% 이상 우점하였다. 종속영양 원생동물의 탄소량은 $8.2-117.8\;{\mu}gC\;l^{-1}$로 분포하였으며, 식물플랑크톤의 생물량이 가장 높았던 직후에 가장 높게 나타났다. 조사기간 동안 종속영양 원생동물의 상대적인 기여도는 식물플랑크톤의 생물량 및 군집구조에 따라 차이를 보였다. 빈섬모충류와 종속영양 와편모류는 첫 번째와 두 번째 대증식기에 우점 하였으며, 종속영양 원생동물 생물량의 80% 이상을 차지하였다. Protoperidinium spp.에 의해 우점하는 종속영양 유각와편모류는 첫 번째 대증식기에 가장 우점하였으며, Gyrodinium spp.로 구성된 종속영양 무각와편모류는 두 번째 대증식기에 가장 우점 하였다. 그외 Noctiluca scintilla는 첫 번째 대증식기에 식물플랑크톤 소멸에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 식물플랑크톤의 대증식기 동안에 종속영양 원생동물 군집은 식물플랑크톤의 생물량 및 군집구 조의 변화에 빠르게 반응하였으며, 이와 같은 결과는 두 군집 사이에 잠재적인 피식-포식자의 관계가 있음을 암시한다. 따라서 조사기간 동안 종속영양 원생동물은 식물플랑크톤 대증식의 소멸과 관련된 중요한 섭식자로서, 식물플랑크톤 군집을 조절하는데 중요한 역할을 하였을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 1998

Spatial patterns of soil temperature on sloping lands are related to the amount of solar irradiance at the surface. Since soil temperature is a critical determinant of many biological processes occurring in the soil, an accurate prediction of soil temperature distribution could be beneficial to agricultural and environmental management. However, at least two problems are identified in soil temperature prediction over natural sloped surfaces. One is the complexity of converting solar irradiances to corresponding soil temperatures, and the other, if the first problem could be solved, is the difficulty in handling large volumes of geo-spatial data. Recent developments in geographic information systems (GIS) provide the opportunity and tools to spatially organize and effectively manage data for modeling. In this paper, a simple model for conversion of solar irradiance to soil temperature is developed within a GIS environment. The irradiance-temperature conversion model is based on a geophysical variable consisting of daily short- and long-wave radiation components calculated for any slope. The short-wave component is scaled to accommodate a simplified surface energy balance expression. Linear regression equations are derived for 10 and 50 cm soil temperatures by using this variable as a single determinant and based on a long term observation data set from a horizontal location. Extendability of these equations to sloped surfaces is tested by comparing the calculated data with the monthly mean soil temperature data observed in Iowa and at 12 locations near the Tennessee - Kentucky border with various slope and aspect factors. Calculated soil temperature variations agreed well with the observed data. Finally, this method is applied to a simulation study of daily mean soil temperatures over sloped corn fields on a 30 m by 30 m resolution. The outputs reveal potential effects of topography including shading by neighboring terrain as well as the slope and aspect of the land itself on the soil temperature.