• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.369-376
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• 2013

Milk is well known to be rich in some nutrients such as protein, calcium, phosphorus, and vitamins. In particular, absorption and bioavailability of calcium receive lots of attention because calcium is very little absorbed until it is changed to the ionized form in the intestine. In this study, concentration of the soluble calcium was determined in the commercial bovine milk products, which were processed by different heat-treatment methods for pasteurization. As for general constituents, lactose, fat, protein, and mineral were almost same in the liquid milk products by different processors. Ultrafiltration of the skimmed milk caused little change in the permeate as for lactose content but both fat and protein decreased. pH values ranges from 6.57-6.62 at room temperature and slightly increase after centrifugation, 10,000 g, 10 min. Rennet-coagulation activity was the lowest in the ultra high temperature (UHT-)milk compared to the low temperature long time (LTLT-) and high temperature short time (HTST-)milk products. Each bovine milk products contains 1056.5-1111.3 mg/kg of Ca. The content of sulfhydryl group was the lowest in raw milk compared to the commercial products tested. For the skimmed milks after ultrafiltration with a membrane (Mw cut-off, 3 Kd), soluble Ca in the raw milk was highest at 450.2 mg/kg, followed by LTLT-milk 336.4-345.1 mg/kg, HTST-milk 305.5-313.3 mg/kg, UHT-milk 370.3-380.2 mg/kg in the decreasing order. After secondary ultrafiltration with a membrane (Mw cut-off, 1 kD), total calcium in raw milk had a highest of 444.2 mg/kg, and those in the market milk products. As follow: UHT-milk, 371.3 to 378.2 mg/kg; LTLT-milk, 333.3 to 342.2 mg/kg; HTST-milk 301.9 to 311.2 mg/kg in a decreasing order.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 2008

This study aims to investigate and analyze sewing methods according to the shape of the inner collar among women's jeogories in order to understand such sewing techniques, which has emerged during modern Korea, and has utilized diversly for the shape of the jeogori's inner collar and as part of the inner collar. The study was conducted on relics possessed between 1900 to 1990, or 515 pieces of jeogories. Jeogories were classified into single-layered and double-layered jeogories according to the shape of their composition. Inner collar shapes of jeogories have also been categorized. It was found that single-layered jeogories comprise 49 inner collars with shapes identical to those of the outer collars. Double-layered jeogories comprise of the following three types: 43 pieces of godae close, 18 pieces in which the inner collar of the outer bodice are cut without a connecting line and the inner collar of the godae and inner bodice are suspended, and 405 pieces in which the share of the inner collar is identical to that of the outer collar. From the shapes of inner collars mentioned above, the following sewing methods have been derived: 1. To sew the inner collar of single-layered jeogories, a seaming technique had been used. 2. Among the inner collars of a double-layered jeogori, godae close was sewn with only a short part of the godae by using a lining, and then finished with overage and blind stitches. Godae close was a covenient way to attach inner collars, and also saved much time. 3. Inner collars with shapes identical to the outer collar are divided into two groups: those with outer collars cut out fellowing the cloth without seam and shifted towards the linings and used as an inner collar, and those with outer collars made of outer linings and inner collar of inner linings. To sew the collar, paste and needlework had been employed, where the methods of needlework were divided into blind stitch, overage stitch, and catch stitch. In sewing with paste, only godae was blind stitched or overage stitched, and the remainder had been painted with paste or the collar had been finished with heated soldering iron after the entire inner collar was painted with paste.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.8
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• pp.76-89
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• 2013

This study is about 'asymmetry triangle-Mu' Jeoksam and Hansam in the early days of Joseon Dynasty. A study was done regarding the records of Jeoksam and Hansam in literature, the present state of the excavated 'asymmetry triangle-Mu' clothing Jeoksam and Hansam, and finally a deduction of the reason for the appearance of the 'asymmetry triangle-Mu' clothing Jeoksam and Hansam. The width of front length of 'asymmetry triangle-Mu' clothing in the early days of Joseon Dynasty is 29.5~35 cm and the width of one breath of the sleeve is 29.5~35 cm. The width of 'asymmetry triangle-Mu' is 9.5~16 cm and it is relatively big. Comparing to the width of one breath of the sleeve, it is almost 1:2.2~3.6 ratio. Therefore, when the sleeve was cut, the Mu was linked in order to save fabric the gusset of sleeve had to be folded and turned, and finally it became asymmetric. As a result of the above consideration, since the width of upper garments of $16{\sim}17^{th}$ century was big, the wearing of short tops of Jeoksam or Hansam without side vent as a small 'triangle-Mu' was uncomfortable. Because of this reason, the size had no option but to become bigger. So, during the $16^{th}$ and $17^{th}$ century, a period where mass production of fabric was difficult, the 'asymmetry triangle-Mu' type was considered to be a reasonable cutting method. After the middle of $17^{th}$ century, it can be estimated that 'asymmetry triangle-Mu' clothing disappeared according to the narrow aspect of clothing type.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.101-106
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• 1983

It was the purpose of this study to investigate the fracture mode of dental amalgam by observing the crack propagation, and to relate this to the microstructure of the amalgam. Caulk 20th Century Regular, Caulk Spherical, Dispersalloy, and Tytin amalgam alloys were used for this study. After each amalgam alloy and Hg measured exactly by the balance was triturated by the mechanical amalgamator (Capmaster, S.S. White), the triturated mass was inserted into the cylindrical metal mold which was 4 mm in diameter and 12 mm in height and was pressed by the Instron Universal Testing Machine at the speed of 1mm/min with 120Kg. The specimen removed from the mold was stored in the room temperature for a week. This specimen was polished with the emery papers from #100 to #200 and finally on the polishing cloth with 0.06${\mu}Al_2O_3$ powder suspended in water. The specimen was placed on the Instron testing machine in the method similar to the diametral tensile test and loaded at the crosshead speed of 0.05mm/min. The load was stopped short of fracture. The cracks on the polished surface of specimen was examined with scanning electron microscope (JSM-35) and analyzed by EPMA (Electron probe microanalyzer). The following results were obtained. 1. In low copper lathe-cut amalgam, the crack went through the voids and ${\gamma}_2$ phase, through the ${\gamma}_1$ phase around the ${\gamma}$ particles. 2. In low copper spherical amalgam, it was observed that the crack passed through the ${\gamma}_2$ and ${\gamma}_1$ phase, and through the boundary between the ${\gamma}_1$ and ${\gamma}$ phase. 3. In high copper dispersant (Dispersalloy) amalgam, the crack was found to propagate at the interface between the ${\gamma}_1$ matrix and reaction ring around the dispersant (Ag-Cu) particles, and to pass through the Ag-Sn particles. 4. In high copper single composition (Tytin) amalgam, the crack went through the ${\gamma}_1$ matrix between ${\eta}$ crystals, and through the unreacted alloy particle (core).

• Archives of design research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-46
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• 1993

The development of technology in modern industrial world which grows and changes every day is shortening the cycle of life span of products, so there is a flood of products around us. It is enough to say that this phenomenon leads to further emphasis on the aspect of design for human being. It is not a new fact that to design for the rational function and the modeling from to make a combination and to satisfy consumers' desire is a short cut to gain competitive superiority in developing new products for MIS security. Therefore the design which plays a leading role in the activity of creating more convenient, more aesthetic, and more econemical products is called 'NEW CORPORATE WEAPON'. The amount of effort made for developing products is different in each company, but recently the plan to develope new products and its process arouse more interest. This thesis purports to improve objective understanding about the development of design by investigating products development research and the process of analysis and designing as a case study on developing a domestic supersonic humidifier. This thesis consists of five chapters in all. In chapter one as a preface, the purpose the method and the scope of the study is described. Chapter two contains my effort to grasp the background of study on the design and the basic structure of supersonic humidifier. Chapter three is an examination into the present conditions of supersonic humidifier used in domestic and foreign area, and the shape of design. In chapter four, a guide for the development of design is established. The idea sketch based on a fundamental shape and the drawing are added to this. In chapter five on the basis of the result of analysis in the preceding research I describe the development of design of products on the premise that marketing gives proof for them but the products oriented by manufacturer are not included in this case. In this thesis, I try to recognize the process of the develpment of design and the importance of the plan for design in developing products by examining an investigative and analytic study on the design of products.

• Archives of design research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-72
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• 1993

Nowadays conmpetltlOn of developing new products is getting keen. We can notice that the role and importance of design are emphasized more than ever.The main cause of this tendency is that technical power is no more a factor which secures the superiority in products competition, as technology is gneneralized in the world. Therefore, design is recognized intensely as a competitive strategy to promote competitive power of products. It is an already known fact that the design for both rational function and charming form to satisfy consumer's desires is a short cut to success, when a company develops a new product to promote competitive power in market. The design which plays a leading role in the activity of developing more cnovenient, more economical and more aesthetic products is called 'Competitive Edge' or 'New Corporate Weapon'. Judging form each company's case of developing products, we can guess that it has its own plan and process of developing new products with defferdnl interest and effort. The strategy of developing products is considered as the most important factor that affects the very existence of rhe company. This thesis is composed of six chapters in all. In the firstchapter, I describe the purpose, method, and scope of study.The second chapter includes the image of form in oil fan heater market in nearby Japan and that of interior in our domestic home and shops, and the trend of word life cycle by analyzing circumstances. The third chapter focuses on consumer's attitude. In the fourth chapter, I compare and test current products of competitive companies including Samsung, Daewoo, Shinilwith those of Gold STar. The trend of products, technique, and design which resulted form this comparison is described. In the fifth chapter I explain the strategy, and process of design of oil fan heater in 1992. The last conclusive chapter presents the major point drawed form the case study, but not includes an estimation of products and the condition of market. In this thesis, I reconsider the general understanding of design and designing process and the value of design as a main factor in the strategy of management by investigating the development of products and the strategy of design, and the process of design.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.83-109
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• 2016

Recently, China has brought many political, economical, and ideological changes in order to complete the "socialistic market economy." In terms of legal system, they make much effort to seek compatibility and stability of law and order. China recognizes that the breakdown of corruption, which is rampant in society, is an essential short-cut for national development. To realize anti-corruption reformation, it strengthens the supervision of relatives and close officials of high-ranking government officials. Recently, China has suffered from expanded trade disputes internationally and has also experienced severe management-labor conflicts domestically due to economic recession. From 2012 onward, civil lawsuit and other litigations have increased sharply. Also, they face severe conflicts in the land system. It is expected that many disputes arise due to speculation on rural housing. Meanwhile, Mongolia expands the size of trade with Korea in mutual cooperation since their diplomatic relation in 1990 by entering more than 20 treaties and agreements. As Mongolia has rich natural resources and Korea is equipped with advanced science and technology, the two countries have opportunities to develop mutually beneficial cooperative relations. Recently, the arbitration system has attracted attention instead of litigation as a means of dispute settlement in line with the expansion of trade between Korea and Mongolia. This study would be helpful to figure out desirable methods for dispute settlements in case of trade disputes among Korean companies that would advance into China and Mongolia.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-32
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• 2020

This study aims to develop contemporary fashion designs from the unique Yao minority costumes and to explore the possibility of developing creative designs by using knitting materials. The research method is based on the cultural clothing and costumes of the Chinese ethnic minority, as well as literature concerning the Yao costumes and photo data to investigate the cultural background and characteristics apparent in Yao costumes. The overall design characteristics of Yao costumes are as follows. First, the shape of Yao costumes are divided into straight-lined short tops with pleated skirts or shorts, or cardigan tops with pants and aprons, or long shirts, pants, and a belt. Each variant of tribal clothing is different. Second, the colors used are mainly black or dark blue, and these are accented by other colors, such as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and white. Third, the clothing patterns are mainly in plant, animal, natural, geometric, and human, etc. motifs. The most common patterns in daily life are the patterns using geometric shapes, plants, or animals. Using the background of the unique lifestyles of the Yao ethnic minority, this study applied hand knitting and jacquard techniques for a knit fashion design. In order to develop traditional patterns, Yao patterns were entered into an Illustrator and SDS-ONE APEX3-4 was used for simulation. Using wool fibers as the raw material; the knitting machine used a Bird's eye Jacquard technique-10GG. The results of this research and design work were as follows. First, the knitted clothing design using Yao clothing elements has significance for the development and flexible use of ethnic elements in contemporary creative design. Second, the straight cut design using hand-knitted and jacquard-knit fabrics can minimize waste materials and provide more possibilities for sustainable design development. Third, it provides additional methods for the combination of hand-knitting and jacquard knitting fashion design.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.6B
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• pp.538-547
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• 2004

Optical Burst Switched (OBS) networks usually employ one-way reservation by sending a burst control packet (BCP) with a specific offset time, before transmitting each data burst frame (BDF). Therefore, The quality of service may be degraded because contentions may lead to loss of BDFs. Especially, this phenomenon becomes more serious when burst size is longer. This necessitates an effective method of prevention to avoid burst collision in nodes. OBS networks can employ several methods to avoid such burst losses. One is that burst size is cut short to reduce burst loss probability during scheduling time. In this paper, we evaluate the burst generation and transmission using Sub-Carrier Multiplexting (SCM) in OBS networks. We propose an appropriate burst assembly architecture and transmission scheme based on SCM in OBS networks. The performance of SCM in OBS networks is examined in terms of number of Sub-Carriers per wavelength, burst loss probability, throughput, and total bandwidth of an optical fiber.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.122-129
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• 2007

Generally, many kinds of phase unwrapping algorithm are used to obtain three-dimensional features in digital holography. The Goldstein algorithm is ra epresentative method. which requires small memory capacity and short execution time fer an unwrapping process. However, the Goldstein algorithm has some problems when the dipole residue is located at the boundary. When the opposite residues are located at the boundary and the distance between the opposite residues is longer than the boundary, an incorrect branch cut occurs and results in incorrect calculation. We have modified the Goldstein algorithm to solve the incorrect calculation problem using boundary information. We found that the modified Goldstein algorithm could resolve the Goldstein algorithm's problem.