• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to discern the effects of a balance training program on the performance of lower extremities in order to improve strength (muscle power, flexibility, walking power), balance control and walking ability in the elderly. The subjects selected were aged 65 years and over, with no known relevant medical history that may disturb their balance, and have also been visiting the Gimhae Senior Welfare Center. The variable group consisted of 30 subjects, of whom were people who had been participating in balance training programs (One Leg Standing; OLS, Functional Reach; FR, Timed Get Up and Go; TUG) as an intervention for 8 weeks 3 times per a week. They were examined in order to identify their balance control before and after. The control group consisted of thirty subjects who preferred to exercise without any intervention relating to balance training program. The subjects were measured before and after balance training in order to determine the effectiveness of exercise and the effectiveness of exercise combined with the aid of a Balance Performance Monitor. 1. Mean time on OLS test with left and right sided extremities in the experimental group was 35.44 sec, 42.10 sec longer than control group respectively. In FR tests applied to the left and right side, mean reaching distance was increased up to 5.56 cm, 6.73 cm in experimental group respectively. Mean time on TUG test from a chair in experimental group was decreased to 2.33 sec. 2. Mean value of decline in the level balance control, both left and right side, decreased to 2.24% as examined by the Balance Performance Monitor. Mean scores for sway level after balance training decrease to .98% and for balance control both anterior and posterior directions decreased to mean 1.07% and 1.44%, respectively.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 2003

$TAO^{TM}$ System is an auto-heated thermophilic aerated digestion process using a proprietary microbe called as a Phototropic Bacteria (PTB). High metabolic activity results in heat generation, which enables to produce a pathogen-free and digested liquid fertilizer at short retention times. TAO$^{TM}$ system has been developed to reduce a manure volume and convert into the liquid fertilizer using swine manure since 1992. About 100 units have been installed and operated in Korean swine farms so far. TAO$^{TM}$ system consists of a reactor vessel and ejector-type aeration pumps and foam removers. The swine slurry manure enters into vessel with PTB and is mixed and aerated. The process is operated at detention times from 2 to 4 days and temperature of 55 to $65^{\circ}C$. Foams are occurred and broken down by foam removers to evaporate water contents. Generally, at least 30% of water content is evaporated, 99% of volatile fatty acids caused an odor are removed and pathogen destruction is excellent with fecal coliform, rotavirus and salmonella below detection limits. The effluent from TAO$^{TM}$ system, called as the "TAO EFFLUX", is screened and has superb properties as a fertilizer. Normally N-P-K contents of screened TAO Efflux are 4.7 g/L, 0.375 g/L and 2.8 g/L respectively. The fertilizer effect of TAO EFFLUX compared to chemical fertilizer has been demonstrated and studied with various crops such as rice, potato, cabbage, pumpkin, green pepper, parsley, cucumber and apple. Generally it has better fertilizer effects and excellent soil fertility improvement effects. Moreover, the TAO EFFLUX is concentrated through membrane technology without fouling problems for a cost saving of long distance transportation and a commercialization (crop nutrient commodity) to a gardening market, for example.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.471-482
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• 2019

The mission of the high-resolution camera for the lunar exploration is to provide 3D topographic information. It enables us to find the appropriate landing site or to control accurate landing by the short distance stereo image in real-time. In this paper, the ground verification and analysis system using the multi-application stereo camera to develop the high-resolution camera for the lunar exploration are proposed. The mission test items and test plans for the mission requirement are provided and the test results are analyzed by the ground verification and analysis system. For the realistic simulation for the lunar orbiter, the target area that has similar characteristics with the real lunar surface is chosen and the aircraft flight is planned to take image of the area. The DEM is extracted from the stereo image and compose three dimensional results. The high-resolution camera mission requirements for the lunar exploration are verified and the ground data analysis system is developed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.15-27
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• 2024

Ecosystem-disturbing plant species pose a significant threat to native ecosystems due to their high reproductive capacity, making it essential to monitor their distribution and develop effective mitigation strategies. Consequently, it is crucial to enhance the evaluation of the impacts of these species in environmental impact assessments by incorporating scientific evidence alongside qualitative assessments. This study introduces a dispersal model into the species distribution model to simulate the potential spread of ecosystem-disturbing plant species, reflecting their ecological characteristics. Additionally, we developed mitigation scenarios and quantitatively calculated reduction rates to propose effective mitigation strategies. The species distribution model showed a reliable AUC (Area Under the Curve) of at least 0.890. The dispersal model's results were also credible, with 31 out of 34 validation coordinates falling within the predicted spread range. Simulating the impact of the spread of ecosystem-disturbing plant species over the next five years revealed that one project site had potential habitats for Ambrosia artemisiifolia, necessitating robust mitigation measures such as seed removal. Another project site, with potential habitats for Symphyotrichum pilosum, indicated that physical removal methods within the site were effective due to the species' relatively short dispersal distance. These findings can serve as fundamental data for project executors and reviewers in evaluating the impact of the spread of ecosystem-disturbing plant species during the planning stages of projects.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.2060-2077
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• 2019

Recently, mobile healthcare services have attracted significant attention because of the emerging development and supply of diverse wearable devices. Smartwatches and health bands are the most common type of mobile-based wearable devices and their market size is increasing considerably. However, simple value comparisons based on accumulated data have revealed certain problems, such as the standardized nature of health management and the lack of personalized health management service models. The convergence of information technology (IT) and biotechnology (BT) has shifted the medical paradigm from continuous health management and disease prevention to the development of a system that can be used to provide ground-based medical services regardless of the user's location. Moreover, the IT-BT convergence has necessitated the development of lifestyle improvement models and services that utilize big data analysis and machine learning to provide mobile healthcare-based personal health management and disease prevention information. Users' health data, which are specific as they change over time, are collected by different means according to the users' lifestyle and surrounding circumstances. In this paper, we propose a prediction model of user physical activity that uses data characteristics-based long short-term memory (DC-LSTM) recurrent neural networks (RNNs). To provide personalized services, the characteristics and surrounding circumstances of data collectable from mobile host devices were considered in the selection of variables for the model. The data characteristics considered were ease of collection, which represents whether or not variables are collectable, and frequency of occurrence, which represents whether or not changes made to input values constitute significant variables in terms of activity. The variables selected for providing personalized services were activity, weather, temperature, mean daily temperature, humidity, UV, fine dust, asthma and lung disease probability index, skin disease probability index, cadence, travel distance, mean heart rate, and sleep hours. The selected variables were classified according to the data characteristics. To predict activity, an LSTM RNN was built that uses the classified variables as input data and learns the dynamic characteristics of time series data. LSTM RNNs resolve the vanishing gradient problem that occurs in existing RNNs. They are classified into three different types according to data characteristics and constructed through connections among the LSTMs. The constructed neural network learns training data and predicts user activity. To evaluate the proposed model, the root mean square error (RMSE) was used in the performance evaluation of the user physical activity prediction method for which an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, a convolutional neural network (CNN), and an RNN were used. The results show that the proposed DC-LSTM RNN method yields an excellent mean RMSE value of 0.616. The proposed method is used for predicting significant activity considering the surrounding circumstances and user status utilizing the existing standardized activity prediction services. It can also be used to predict user physical activity and provide personalized healthcare based on the data collectable from mobile host devices.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2014

Genetic diversity and genetic structures were estimated in seven natural populations of Phellodendron amurense Rupr in South Korea using ISSR markers. The average of polymorphic loci per primer and the proportion of polymorphic loci per population were 4.5 and 78.8% respectively with total 27 polymorphic loci from 6 ISSR primers. The Shannon's diversity index(I) was 0.421 and the expected heterozygosity($H_e$) was 0.285, which was similar to the heterozygosity (hs =0.287) inferred by Bayesian method. In AMOVA, 7.6% of total genetic variation in the populations was resulted from the genetic difference among populations and the other 92.4% was resulted from the difference among individuals within populations. Genetic differentiation(${\theta}^{II}$) and inbreeding coefficient(f) for total population were estimated to be 0.066 and 0.479 by Bayesian method respectively. In Bayesian clustering analysis, seven populations were assigned into three groups. This result was similar to the results of genetic relationships by UPGMA and PCA. The first group included Hwachoen, Gapyeong, Bongpyeong and Yongpyeong population, and the second included two populations in Sancheong region. Muju population was discretely assigned into the third group in spite of the geographically short distance from the Sancheong region. There was no significant correlation between genetic relationship and geographic distribution among populations in Mantel's test. For conservation of the phellodendron trees, it would be effective to consider the findings resulted from this study with ecological traits and life histories of this species.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.96-103
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• 2009

Objectives : We evaluated the health effects of exposure to BTEX(Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, m,p-Xylene, o-Xylene) in the Taean area after the Hebei Spirit oil spill. Methods : We used a questionnaire survey to look for health effects among 80 pregnant women 2 to 3 months following the Hebei Spirit oil spill. Their BTEX exposures were estimated using the CALPUFF method. We then used a multiple logistic regression analysis to evaluate the effects of BTEX exposure on the women s health effets. Results : Pregnant women who lived near the accident site reported more symptoms of eye irritation and headache than those who lived farther from the site. There was a trend of decreasing symptoms with an increase in distance from the spill site. Pregnant women exposed to higher ambient cumulative levels of Xylene were significantly more likely to report symptoms of the skin(OR 8.01 95% CI=1.74-36.76) in the first day after the accident and significantly more likely to report abdominal pain(OR 3.86 95% CI=1.02-14.59 for Ethylbenzene, OR 6.70 95% CI=1.82-24.62 for Xylene) during the 1st through 4th days following the accident. Conclusions : This study suggests that exposure to BTEX from an oil spill is correlated with an increased risk of health effects among pregnant women. This implies the need to take proper measures, including the development of a national policy for environmental health emergencies and a plan for studying the short- and long-term chronic health effects associated with such spills.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2007

A new species of the rajid genus Okamejei is described from a single specimen (295 mm TL) from off Shantou, Gwangdong in the South China Sea. The new species differs from all other congeners in the following combination of characters: snout pointed, dorsal head length 6.7 times interorbital width, tail moderately wide and long, its length 48.5% TL, interdorsal distance less than length of first dorsal fin base, postdorsal tail short as 5.8% TL, small evenly distributed dark brownish spots, without ocelli on dorsal surface of disc, pores of ampullae of Lorenzini on ventral surface distributed from snout tip to distal end of metapterygium, scapulocoracoid high, its height about 1.4 times rear corner height, trunk vertebrae 23, predorsal tail vertebrae 50 and pectoral fin radials 96.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.59-69
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• 2013

This study presents development of the ANN simulator for well placement of infill drilling in gas fields. The input data of the ANN simulator includes the production time, well location, all inter well distances, boundary inter well distance, infill well position, productivity potential, functional links, reservoir pressure. The output data includes the bottomhole pressure in addition to the production rate. Thus, it is possible to calculate the productivity and bottomhole pressure during production period simultaneously, and it is expected that this model could replace conventional simulators. Training for the 20 well placement scenarios was conducted. As a result, it was found that accuracy of ANN simulator was high as the coefficient of correlation for production rate was 0.99 and the bottomhole pressure 0.98 respectively. From the resultes, the validity of the ANN simulator has been verified. The term, which could produce Maximum Daily Quantity (MDQ) at the gas field and the productivity according to the well location was analyzed. As a result, the MDQ could be maintained for a short time in scenario C-1, which has the three infill wells nearby aquifer boundary, and a long time in scenario A-1. In conclusion, it was found that scenario A maintained the MDQ up to 21% more than those of scenarios B and C which include parameters that might affect the productivity. Thus, the production rate can be maximized by selecting the location of production wells in comprehensive consideration of parameters that may affect the productivity. Also, because the developed ANN simulator could calculate both production rate and bottomhole pressure, respectively, it could be used as the forward simulator in a various inverse model.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2011

The discharge characteristics of the Seodo Mulgol Spring-the only groundwater-producing area in Dokdo-were evaluated by measurements of discharge rate and electrical conductivity (EC) on five occasions. The Seodo Mulgol Spring is fed by rainfall in upstream areas of the Mulgol cave, and the rainwater of the area moves down along cooling joints developed in trachyandesite II and trachyte, finally discharging at the Mulgol cave. The discharge rate of the Seodo Mulgol Spring varied from 1.12 to 7.02 $m^3/d$ during the study period and EC varied from 2,650 to 3,390 ${\mu}S/cm$, showing a sharp increase during heavy rainfall. The observed variations in discharge rate and EC at the Seodo Mulgol Spring are attributed to the relatively short distance between the recharge area and the Mulgol cave, and to the rapid movement of groundwater through columnar joints developed in trachyandesite II and trachyte. Additional discharge measurements, combined with precise rainfall data, are required at Dokdo to elucidate the discharge characteristics of the Seodo Mulgol Spring.