• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.124-133
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• 2017

This study analyzed consumers' online fashion shopping site usage by site type and analyzed how product information search and product purchase differ. In addition, by comparing and analyzing preference and selection factors of PC and mobile shopping, we tried to provide basic data of effective mobile commerce operation strategy according to expansion of mobile market in fashion industry. We surveyed the use of 6 types of online sites (portal site, open market, general shopping mall, social commerce shopping mall, brand shopping mall and non-brand shopping mall) to understand the usage of mobile shopping site for consumers' fashion products. Consumer survey subjects were 373 college students in their early 20s who had the most mobile shopping experiences. The questionnaire consisted of online fashion site usage items, internet and mobile fashion shopping preference (6 items), internet and mobile shopping choice behavior (10 items), and purchase intention (3 items) .Data were analyzed using SPSS 14.0 program. The high preference of portal sites, open market, social commerce, and non-brand shopping malls in shopping online fashion products is a result of the perceptual changes of major distribution channels and the trends of consumers' value consumption tendency. Therefore, it is necessary for fashion companies to actively cope with fashion product distribution competition with huge shopping sites of current online market by well understanding consumers' preference trends and factors of online sites.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.39-63
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• 2012

Previous studies of reward programs have generally focused on designing the best programs for consumers and suggested that consumers' perception of the value of reward programs can vary according to the type of reward program (e.g., hedonic vs. utilitarian and direct vs. indirect) and its timing (e.g., immediate vs. delayed). These studies have typically assumed that consumers' preference for reward programs has a positive effect on brand loyalty. However, Dowling and Uncles (1997) pointed out that this preference does not necessarily foster brand loyalty. In this regard, the present study verifies this assumption by examining the effects of consumers' perception of the value of reward programs on their brand loyalty. Although reward programs are widely used by online shopping malls, most studies have examined the conditions under which consumers are most likely to value loyalty programs in the context of offline shopping. In the context of online shopping, however, consumers' preferences may have little effect on their brand loyalty because they have more opportunities for comparing diverse reward programs offered by many online shopping malls. That is, in online shopping, finding attractive reward programs may require little effort on the part of consumers, who are likely to switch to other online shopping malls. Accordingly, this study empirically examines whether consumers' perception of the value of reward programs influences their brand loyalty in the context of online shopping. Meanwhile, consumers seek utilitarian and/or hedonic value from their online shopping activity(Jones et al., 2006; Barbin et al., 1994). They visit online shopping malls to buy something necessary (utilitarian value) and/or enjoy the process of shopping itself (hedonic value). In this sense, reward programs may reinforce utilitarian as well as hedonic value, and their effect may vary according to the type of reward (utilitarian vs. hedonic). According to Chaudhuri and Holbrook (2001), consumers' perception of the value of a brand can influence their brand loyalty through brand trust and affect. Utilitarian value influences brand loyalty through brand trust, whereas hedonic value influences it through brand affect. This indicates that the effect of this perception on brand trust or affect may be moderated by the type of reward program. Specifically, this perception may have a greater effect on brand trust for utilitarian reward programs than for hedonic ones, whereas the opposite may be true for brand affect. Given the above discussion, the present study is conducted with three objectives in order to provide practical implications for online shopping malls to strategically use reward program for establishing profitable relationship with customers. First, the present study examines whether reward programs can be an effective marketing tool for increasing brand loyalty in the context of online shopping. Second, it investigates the paths through which consumers' perception of the value of reward programs influences their brand loyalty. Third, it analyzes the effects of this perception on brand trust and affect by considering the type of reward program as a moderator. This study suggests and empirically analyzes a new research model for examining how consumers' perception of the value of reward programs influences their brand loyalty in the context of online shopping. The model postulates the following 10 hypotheses about the structural relationships between five constructs: (H1) Consumers' perception of the value of reward programs has a positive effect on their program loyalty; (H2) Program loyalty has a positive effect on brand loyalty; (H3) Consumers' perception of the value of reward programs has a positive effect on their brand trust; (H4) Consumers' perception of the value of reward programs has a positive effect on their brand affect; (H5) Brand trust has a positive effect on program loyalty; (H6) Brand affect has a positive effect on program loyalty; (H7) Brand trust has a positive effect on brand loyalty; (H8) Brand affect has a positive effect on brand loyalty; (H9) Consumers' perception of the value of reward programs is more likely to influence their brand trust for utilitarian reward programs than for hedonic ones; and (H10) Consumers' perception of the value of reward programs is more likely to influence their brand affect for hedonic reward programs than for utilitarian ones. To test the hypotheses, we considered a sample of 220 undergraduate students in Korea (male:113). We randomly assigned these participants to one of two groups based on the type of reward program (utilitarian: transportation card, hedonic: movie ticket). We instructed the participants to imagine that they were offered these reward programs while visiting an online shopping mall. We then asked them to answer some questions about their perception of the value of the reward programs, program loyalty, brand loyalty, brand trust, and brand affect, in that order. We also asked some questions about their demographic backgrounds and then debriefed them. We employed the structural equation modeling (SEM) method with AMOS 18.0. The results provide support for some hypotheses (H1, H3, H4, H7, H8, and H9) while providing no support for others (H2, H5, H6, H10) (see Figure 1). Noteworthy is that the path proposed by previous studies, "value perception → program loyalty → brand loyalty," was not significant in the context of online shopping, whereas this study's proposed path, "value perception → brand trust/brand affect → brand loyalty," was significant. In addition, the results indicate that the type of reward program moderated the relationship between consumers' value perception and brand trust but not the relationship between their value perception and brand affect. These results have some important implications. First, this study is one of the first to examine how consumers' perception of the value of reward programs influences their brand loyalty in the context of online shopping. In particular, the results indicate that the proposed path, "value perception → brand trust/brand affect → brand loyalty," can better explain the effects of reward programs on brand loyalty than existing paths. Furthermore, these results suggest that online shopping malls should place greater emphasis on the type of reward program when devising reward programs. To foster brand loyalty, they should reinforce the type of shopping value that consumers emphasize by providing them with appropriate reward programs. If consumers prefer utilitarian value to hedonic value, then online shopping malls should offer utilitarian reward programs and vice versa.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.83-96
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• 2004

This study was attempted to examine female consumers' cosmetics purchasing behavior of subdivided groups according to cosmetics shopping orientation in cosmetics purchasing and to suggest basic information applicable to marketing. The sample was taken from 698 women who were aged twenties through thirties living in Korea. A total of 400 questionnaires were used in the final statistical analysis using factor analysis, reliability test, ANOVA , Duncan test, and χ²-test. The results of this study were as follows: First, The dimensions of cosmetics shopping orientation were composed of hedonic shopping orientation and utilitarian shopping orientation. Second, Evaluative criteria of internet shopping mall were composed of price and promotion, convenient shopping, reputation. Third, three groups were classified after group analysis of two factors in female consumers' cosmetics shopping orientation: consumers with high hedonic shopping orientation(46.5％), consumers with low hedonic and low utilitarian shopping orientation(29.0％), consumers with high utilitarian shopping orientation(24.5％). Additionally differences of the three groups were examined according to evaluative criteria of internet shopping mall, purchase intention and demographic variables.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.140-141
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Korean DIstribution Association Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.215-231
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Costume Culture Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.105-105
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• 2001

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-25
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• 2008

Ⅰ. Introduction Retailers in the 21st century are being told that future retailers are those who can execute seamless multi-channel access. The reason is that retailers should be where shoppers want them, when they want them anytime, anywhere and in multiple formats. Multi-channel access is considered one of the top 10 trends of all business in the next decade (Patricia T. Warrington, et al., 2007) And most firms use both direct and indirect channels in their markets. Given this trend, we need to evaluate a channel equity more systematically than before as this issue is expected to get more attention to consumers as well as to brand managers. Consumers are becoming very much confused concerning the choice of place where they shop for durable goods as there are at least 6-7 retail options. On the other hand, manufacturers have to deal with category killers, their dealers network, Internet shopping malls, and other avenue of distribution channels and they hope their retail channel behave like extensions of their own companies. They would like their products to be foremost in the retailer's mind-the first to be proposed and effectively communicated to potential customers. To enable this hope to come reality, they should know each channel's advantages and disadvantages from consumer perspectives. In addition, customer satisfaction is the key determinant of retail customer loyalty. However, there are only a few researches regarding the effects of shopping satisfaction and perceptions on consumers' channel choices and channels. The purpose of this study was to assess Korean consumers' channel choice and satisfaction towards channels they prefer to use in the case of electronic goods shopping. Korean electronic goods retail market is one of good example of multi-channel shopping environments. As the Korea retail market has been undergoing significant structural changes since it had opened to global retailers in 1996, new formats such as hypermarkets, Internet shopping malls and category killers have arrived for the last decade. Korean electronic goods shoppers have seven major channels : (1)category killers (2) hypermarket (3) manufacturer dealer shop (4) Internet shopping malls (5) department store (6) TV home-shopping (7) speciality shopping arcade. Korean retail sector has been modernized with amazing speed for the last decade. Overall summary of major retail channels is as follows: Hypermarket has been number 1 retailer type in sales volume from 2003 ; non-store retailing has been number 2 from 2007 ; department store is now number 3 ; small scale category killers are growing rapidly in the area of electronics and office products in particular. We try to evaluate each channel's equity using a consumer survey. The survey was done by telephone interview with 1000 housewife who lives nationwide. Sampling was done according to 2005 national census and average interview time was 10 to 15 minutes. Ⅱ. Research Summary We have found that seven major retail channels compete with each other within Korean consumers' minds in terms of price and service. Each channel seem to have its unique selling points. Department stores were perceived as the best electronic goods shopping destinations due to after service. Internet shopping malls were perceived as the convenient channel owing to price checking. Category killers and hypermarkets were more attractive in both price merits and location conveniences. On the other hand, manufacturers dealer networks were pulling customers mainly by location and after service. Category killers and hypermarkets were most beloved retail channel for Korean consumers. However category killers compete mainly with department stores and shopping arcades while hypermarkets tend to compete with Internet and TV home shopping channels. Regarding channel satisfaction, the top 3 channels were service-driven retailers: department stores (4.27); dealer shop (4.21); and Internet shopping malls (4.21). Speciality shopping arcade(3.98) were the least satisfied channels among Korean consumers. Ⅲ. Implications We try to identify the whole picture of multi-channel retail shopping environments and its implications in the context of Korean electronic goods. From manufacturers' perspectives, multi-channel may cause channel conflicts. Furthermore, inter-channel competition draws much more attention as hypermarkets and category killers have grown rapidly in recent years. At the same time, from consumers' perspectives, 'buy where' is becoming an important buying decision as it would decide the level of shopping satisfaction. We need to develop the concept of 'channel equity' to manage multi-channel distribution effectively. Firms should measure and monitor their prime channel equity in regular basis to maximize their channel potentials. Prototype channel equity positioning map has been developed as follows. We expect more studies to develop the concept of 'channel equity' in the future.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.345-351
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• 2016

Objectives: The objective of this study was to conduct risk assessment using indoor radon concentration and exposure times. Methods: The target facilities were military facilities before and after the application of radon reduction processes and underground commercial facilities in major subway stations in Seoul. Indoor radon concentrations were measured by passive sampler. Results: Radon concentrations in 13 military facilities were initially higher than the guidelines, but the levels were below guidelines after the application of radon reduction processes. Underground shopping mall radon concentrations near subway stations in Seoul satisfied the guidelines. However, indoor radon effective doses after radon reduction processes in some military facilities and those in underground shopping malls belonged to International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) groups needing control management. Conclusion: Indoor radon management requires risk assessment data that takes into account working time (or residence time) in addition to management according to concentration guidelines.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.55-63
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• 2004

Most of current shooing malls on the internet do not satisfy all customers because they present arrangements of goods and suggestions uniformly and comprehensively according to the thinking of their managers. When classifying into groups according to generations, gender, income, job, hobby, etc. the propensity of purchase is showed differently and the interest and real purchasing power of the customer is different in shopping malls. This paper describes the development of customer oriented intelligent shopping mall system that is added not only statistical analysis dynamical activity of customers but also weight and construct optimal according to group of goods automatically.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.55-70
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• 2003

With the gradual growth of the electronic commerce various forms of shopping malls are constructed, and their searching methods and function are studied many ways. However, the recent outcome is still inadequate to search for goods for the tastes and demands of customers. To construct the shopping mall on the electronic commerce and help customers with purchasing goods, the efficient interface for the customers to contact the shopping malls should be founded and the customers should be able to search the goods they want. Therefore, in this paper, we designed the Intelligent Integration Agent System (IIAS) using the multi-agent formed by the integration agent which integrates the case based reasoning(CBR) and the rule based reasoning(RBR) and the user agent which manages users' profiles. IIAS performs the rule based reasoning on the subject issue first, then provides the unsatisfying search results from the rule-base reasoning to the customers through the user agent, which enables the search of the goods most similar to the ones that meet the tastes and demands of the customers. That is, the accuracy and the speed has been improved by reasoning with the similarity adjustable integration agent which can pick out the goods of customers wants by modifying the weights of properties according to those of the customers.