• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2008

The safety degree of navigation for collision avoidance is closely related with the combination between mariner's behavior and navigational environment. The condition of navigational environment is mainly decided by navigable waters, ship traffic, rule of road, sea state, weather and so on. Especially, the condition of navigable waters and ship traffic in navigational environment are ones of the important factors to attain safe navigation when mariners are underway and crossing, head on or overtaking situation. Thus this paper is to analyze the characteristics of mariner's behavior for collision avoidance caused by ship traffic and navigable waters by analyzing the contents of questionnaire and the results of international collaborative research. As a result, it can be concluded that the density of ship traffic and the area of navigable waters affect mariner's ship handling for collision avoidance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.298-305
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• 2019

The demand for the revitalization of marine tourism in Busan North Port is increasing due to changes in functions such as an increase in harbor traffic volume and the expansion of marine leisure space in Busan. As a result, Busan City plans to set a phased alleviation target for prohibition of cruise ship operations, and to lift the prohibition of excursion ship operations in North Port following the cancellation of the prohibition of excursion ship operations in South Port in 2017. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk of excursion ship operations in Busan North Port by applying the marine traffic assessment index and to examine the possibility of excursion ship operations. For this purpose, port status, marine accidents, and traffic flow of Busan North Port were investigated. In addition, marine traffic assessment indexes, such as traffic congestion, risk based on an ES Model, and IWRAP MkII, a maritime risk assessment tool, were used to assess the risk and possibility of excursion ship operations in Busan North Port. This study can be used as basic data for analyzing the risk factors that may occur when excursion ships are operated in Busan North Port and to define how excursion ships should operate, with related safety measures.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.10 s.106
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• pp.821-826
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• 2005

The traffic volume will be increased and the traffic of larger vessel could be multiplied in the Pohang port by the opening of the Young-il new port in 2006. Unfortunately, however, potential danger factors to the safe navigation, disordered navigation and traffic congestion are still existing in the Pohang port and approaching waters. This paper describes the status of marine traffic flow and navigational characteristics based on the marine traffic survey using the exclusive software, and the results of marine traffic survey classify into ship's type, size and track history of passing ships through the statistical methods. Finally the examinations of marine traffic route, traffic flow and navigational characteristics are discussed. These results can be used for the best design of ship's routing at the Pohang waters.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.267-284
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• 2022

A subsea pipeline designed across active shipping lane prones to failure against external interferences such as anchorage activities, hence risk assessment is essential. It requires quantifying the geometric probability derived from ship traffic distribution based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. The actual probability density function from historical vessel traffic data is ideal, as for rapid assessment, conceptual study, when the AIS data is scarce or when the local vessels traffic are not utilised with AIS. Recommended practices suggest the probability distribution is assumed as a single peak Gaussian. This study compares several fitted Gaussian distributions and Monte Carlo simulation based on actual ship traffic data in main ship direction in an active shipping lane across a subsea pipeline. The results shows that a Gaussian distribution with five peaks is required to represent the ship traffic data, providing an error of 0.23%, while a single peak Gaussian distribution and the Monte Carlo simulation with one hundred million realisation provide an error of 1.32% and 0.79% respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that the multi-peak Gaussian distribution can represent the actual ship traffic distribution in the main direction, but it is less representative for ship traffic distribution in other direction. The geometric probability is utilised in a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) for subsea pipeline against vessel anchor dropping and dragging and vessel sinking.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.19-19
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• 2017

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.661-667
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• 2003

There are certain guidelines on the channel design such as domestic guidelines（Korean and japanese, etc.）and international guideline known as PIANC Rules（Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses Rules）, in the world These rules have considered many factors such as natural conditions, ship maneuverability and geographical features etc. But it is contented toot the area of these rules toot are meant to facilitate the ease of ship-handling is insufficient. To satisfy this point in design process, it is necessary to take into account the difficulties encountered in ship-handling within these inland waterways. Because many vessels are navigating at the same time within these waterways, the specific navigable traffic volume should be considered with regard to the standard process of route designing. It must also be considered with regard to the volume of navigable traffic bemuse of ship-handling difficulty toot arises within the same waterway with varying amounts of traffic volume because toot ship-handling/manueverability is directly influenced by these factors. This paper aims to propose a new approach to the design of standard inland water route considering the traffic volume and the shape of waterway. Also consider the relationship among these factors may affect to the ship-handling difficulties.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.5 s.121
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• pp.353-359
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• 2007

Effective plan and operation managements can be established in advance if the traffic volume of container ship will be forecasted in the trend for container port's cargo volume to increase. At the viewpoint for marine traffic the number of incoming and outgoing container ship can be presumed in the long run and organised rational plan to deal the demand of marine traffic on the basis. Therefore, the paper estimated the future traffic volume of incoming and outgoing container ship for Busan, Gwangyang, and Incheon port on a forecasting data basis of container volume suggested in the national ports base plan. The trends of volume per ship on container were estimated with ARIMA models and seasonal index was computed. Thus the traffic volume of container ship in the future was estimated computing with volume per ship in 2011,2015, and 2020 respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2003

Marine traffic system is composed of ship, ship's operators and traffic environment The navigation channel is a part of traffic environment and the design of channel is a crucial factor for safe navigation This paper aims to evaluate ship-handling difficulty in straight and bend channels with an Environmental Stress model(ES-model). The ES-model is used to evaluate ship handling difficulty quantitatively on the basis of the ship operator's subjective judgement for safety in navigation The calculation of ES value was made on the basis of three factors such as channel width, ship's length and speed in straight and channels for safe navigation. The interrelation between factors was analyzed and reasonable design standards of channel width, ship's length and speed were proposed for safe navigation of ship in bend channel.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.379-384
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• 2013

For effective ship management in VTS(Vessel Traffic Service), it needs to assess the external force acting on ship. Big data in maritime traffic can be roughly categorized into two groups. One is the traffic information including ship's particulars. The other is the external force information e.g., wind, sea wave, tidal current. This paper proposes the method to assess the external force acting on ship using big data in maritime traffic. To approach Big data in maritime traffic, we propose the Waterway External Force Code(WEF code) which consist of wind, wave, tidal and current information, Speed Over the Water(SOW) of each ship, weather information. As a results, the external force acting a navigating ship is estimated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.428-434
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• 2011

To establish a vessel safety management system for improving the safety of vessel's traffic and preventing vessel's traffic accidents, the state of marine traffic in the Busan South Port was investigated and analyzed as preliminary survey of the countermeasures. As a result of the study, there are 1,158 vessels in a day, 48 vessels in an hour, and the maximum traffic is about 118 vessels between 16:00 and 17:00 hours everyday, which requires to establish and operate a traffic control system necessarily for ensuring vessel's traffic safety. Furthermore, passages of tanker, passenger ship, cargo vessel and government vessel showed to sail along main traffic lane to be obtained enough sea depth at the survey area. However, passages of fishing vessel and launch showed to sail freely at all survey area owing to outstanding maneuverability and a shallow draft. Some vessels of launch sailed along main traffic lane, but other vessels crossed to sail it. The passages to cross main traffic lane is higher the risk of collision. Therefore, safety measures are urgently needed for the operation of the Busan South Port management system and the prevention of marine pollution.