• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.436-442
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• 1992

The present study was designed to analyze the lipid and fatty acid compositions of ark shell, Anadara broughtonii. The crude lipid was extracted by Bligh and Dyer's method, and then fractionated by TLC and quantitatively analyzed by TLC scanner. Lipid extracted from ark shell was fractionated into neutral and polar lipid by column chromatography with silicic acid. The fatty acid composition of lipid fractions were determined by gas liquid chromatography. Total lipid content of ark shell was 0.83% base on wet weight. The content of unsaponifiable matter was 20.19%, and iodine value was 156.13. The main components of total lipids were triglyceride, diglyceride, hydrocarbon, and sterol ester. The fatty acid composition of total lipid chiefly consisted of $C_{17 : 0}$, $C_{16 : 0}$, $C_{18 : 1}$ and $CT_{16 : 1}$. The main fatty acids of neutral lipid were $C_{16 : 0}$, $C_{18 : 1}$, $C_{22 : 1}$, $C_{18 : 0}$ and $C_{16 : 1}$. The major fatty acids of polar lipid were $C_{16 : 0}$, $C_{18 : 2}$, $C_{20 : 5}$ and $C_{22 : 6}$. In total lipid fractionation, saturated acid contents were high in all (SA>MA＞ PA), in neutral lipid fractionation, menoenoic acid contents were high in all (MA > SA> PA), and in polar lipid fractionation, saturated acid con-tents were high in all (SA> PA> MA).

• Composites Research
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.209-214
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• 2018

This paper explain about the development of environmental friendly, low cost and stable supply material i.e., rice husk and shell were used as micro incorporating bio waste filler. Those were processed by ball mill and analyzed through micro observation by FE-SEM, EDS and particle size distribution. The obtained filler was mixed with epoxy resin for the manufacturing of CFRP composite and study tensile properties. In EDS analysis main contents of rice husk and rice husk ash are C, O and Si. When rice husk was burned C and Si ration were increased. Shell powder has C, O and Ca. It caused $CaCO_3$ from shell. Surface weighted mean of rice husk powder is $6.19{\mu}m$ and volume weighted mean is $14.77{\mu}m$. And it has rod type particles which caused hair and husk structure parts. Surface weighted mean of rice husk ash powder is $1.55{\mu}m$ and volume weighted means is $8.20{\mu}m$. Surface weighted mean of shell powder is $2.53{\mu}m$ and volume weighted mean is $5.79{\mu}m$. The tensile decreased with increasing the content of micro filler in CFRP composites. In case of rice husk, the significant decrement of tensile strength was observed. and in case of shell powder, there is no effect of changes take place in tensile strength.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.177-185
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted to examine the dietary effects of local granular ark shell(GAS) replacing limestone on egg shell quality in aged hens. A total of 200 Hy-Line Brown layers of 54-weeks-old were allotted into four treatments with five replications each. They were fed control(limestone only) 1% GAS, 2% GAS and 3% GAS diets for 6 weeks. GAS was substituted for coarse-type limestone at 0, 1, 2 or 3% of diet on weight basis. Particle sizes of limestone and GAS were within the ranges of 2~4 mm in diameters. In vitro HCl solubility of GAS was significantly lower(6.27 vs. 7.90%) compared to that of limestone(p < 0.05). The dietary treatment did not affect feed intake and egg production rate of the birds. Egg shell strength and thickness tended to be improved for birds fed the diets containing higher levels of GAS. The average egg shell strength and thickness of 2 or 3% GAS groups were significantly greater than those of the control (P < 0.05). The Tibial ash content of birds from 3% GAS group increased significantly as compared to that of the control. Tibial breaking strength, however, was not affected by the dietary treatment. Serum Ca and P contents of the birds were also not different among the dietary treatments. In conclusion, locally prepared GAS can be used as a calcium source in aged layer diet.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.242-247
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of oyster shell, fly ash and gypsum on rice yield and quality. The four treatments of soil amelioration were oyster shell 4, fly ash 80, fly ash 56 + gypsum 24 and oyster shell 0.8 + fly ash 40 + gypsum 24 ton/ha. Rice yield were in the order of oyster shell, fly ash and control plats. The pH, EC values and OM, Ca, $SO_4$, moisture contents of the top-soil after rice harvesting in soil amelioration treatments were increased, while Mg, Na, Fe, Zn and Al were decreased than those of control. Rice quality was the best in the fly ash plat due to lower T-N and higher Mg/K ratio.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 2008

Core-shell structured $BaTiO_3$ powders were produced via nano-coating of $Cr_2O_3$ and $Mn_2O_3$ to barium titanate powder system for MLCCs. From preliminary experiments, the optimal solution reaction condition employing using $KMnO_4$, $K_2Cr_2O_4$ and sulfur was established. Not only powders of $Cr_2O_3$ and $Mn_2O_3$ were synthesized but also their coating on $BaTiO_3$ powders were peformed under the same reaction condition. The coating was carried out in two ways, one-step and two-step, and its results were characterized for comparison. Conclusively speaking, two oxide additives were coated onto the $BaTiO_3$ powder surface with high quality and excellent reaction yield even under mild condition, which indicates that the contents as well as the properties of additive shell layer can be precisely controlled with rather ease.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 1985

These studies were conducted to compare the nutritive values and optimum prices of eggs among 6 groups of different egg Weight. With the total of 100 eggs of each weight group, after the weight percentage of egg yolk, albumen and shell in the whole egg were investigated, protein and fat contents of e99 yolk and albumen were analyzed. and then protein and fat contents in the whole eggs were calculated. Finally, the optimum prices of eggs in relation to the egg weight were studied on the basis of egg weight, protein content and protein plus fat contents of eggs, respectively. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. As the egg weight (X, g/10 eggs) increased, egg yolk (Y$_1$, %) and shell(Y$_2$, %) percentages tended to decrease, but egg albumen(Y$_3$, %) percentage increased lineally; Y$_1$=44.34-0.02X, Y$_2$=15.358-0.006 X, and Y$_3$=40.136＋0.026 X. 2. There were no significant differences in protein and fat contents of eggs among 6 different groups of egg weight. 3. Protein (Y$_1$, %), fat (Y$_2$, %) and protein plus fat (Y$_3$, %) contents in the whole eggs declined progressively as the egg weight (X, g/10 eggs) increased ; Y$_1$=11.943-0.00032X, Y$_2$=13.996-0.00614X, and Y$_3$=25.939-0.00646X. 4. Similar results were obtained whether the optimum prices of eggs were estimated on the basis of egg weight or protein content of eggs, and they were higher in the large size eggs and lower in the small size eggs than the optimum prices of eggs estimated on the basis of protein plus fat content of eggs.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.419-422
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• 2005

This paper is examined the properties of Haeju sea sand for concrete. As result, the water absorbtion ratio and the contents of shell and microfines of Haeju sea sand was high. We would expected to utilize the results of this study as a basic data for quality control of Ready Mixed Concrete.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 1984

Heavy metal contents in soft tissues of mussels, Mytilus edulis, of Imweon, Banweol, Bay and Yeosu in Korea were determined during 1981∼82. The heavy metal measured were Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn and Fe. Depuration of mussel samples in clean seawater was needed adequate in the lowest levels of the complete excretion of gut contents. The 48hr depuration was adequate in the present study. Of the four study areas, Imweon showed the highest Pb, Mn and Fe contents. In Jinhae Bay, St. 9 showed the greatest Pb, Zn, Mn and Fe contents, whereas the highest levels of Cd, Cr and Cu were recorded at Sts. 7, 4 and 2, respectively. The concentrations of metals, except Cu, in mussels decreased with the growth of shell size.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.208-215
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• 2005

The 10mm diameter aggregates made of clay, carbon and $Fe_2O_3$ were prepared to investigate the mechanism of black core formation. The specific gravity, absorption rate, percent of black core area, fracture strength, total Fe analysis, and XRF were measured at various compositions, sintering temperatures, sintering times, sintering atmospheres, and sintering methods. Small addition of $Fe_2O_3$ did not affect physical properties of the aggregates; however, the percent of black core area increased with increasing carbon contents and increasing sintering temperature. Specific gravity of the aggregates decreased and the water absorption ratio increased with increasing percent of black core area. The aggregates sintered at oxidation atmosphere showed clear border between shell and black core area. Hence, the aggregates sintered at reduction atmosphere showed only black core area in the cross-section of the aggregates. The specific gravity of the aggregates sintered at reduction atmosphere increased with increasing carbon contents and that was the lowest of all comparing other aggregates sintered at different atmospheres. Adsorption rate increased with increasing carbon contents at all atmospheres. The fast sintered aggregates showed lower specific gravity, higher absorption rate, and more black core area than the normally sintered aggregates. It was turned out that the aggregates having more black core area showed higher fracture strength than that of aggregates with no black core area. From the total Fe analysis, the concentration of Fe and FeO was higher at black core area than at shell. Because the concentration of $Fe_2O_3$ in the shell was higher than other area, the color of the shell appeared red. It was also turned out from the XRF analysis that carbon was exist only at black core area.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 1998

In order to evaluate the residual effects of bituminous coal fly ash, gypsum, oyster shell as soil amendments, Chinese cabbage was cultivated on acidic sandy loam soils with low boron content. The soils were amended in the upper 15cm with amendments in previous year and the growth and qualities of plants were analyzed. Amendments treated one year before were, in metric tons per hectare, i) none(Check) ; ii) 80 fly ash(FA) ; iii) 4 shell(SH) ; iv) 56 fly ash + 24 gypsum (FG) ; v) 40 fly ash + 24 gypsum + 0.8 shell(FGS). Yield response in fresh weight of Chinese cabbage was in order of 834% for FGS > 780% for FG > 755% FA > 193% for SH plants. Reducing sugar, vitamin-C, and total nitrogen contents of leaves depending on treatments showed the same tendencies as that in yields, whereas crude fibre opposite to them. In particular, FA, FG, and FGS plants showed normal growth without both boron deficiency symptoms which appeared in Check and SH plants and possibilities of accumulation of heavy metals. In any soils treated with the above amendments, however, magnesium was insufficient.