• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제26권2_2호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2023

The shell and tube-type heat exchangers have been frequently used in many industrial field because of its simple structure and wide operation conditions and so on. The purpose of this study is to investigate the flow characteristics in single shell of shell and tube-type heat exchanger according to velocity and temperature of hot air released from heat exchanger simulator through numerical analysis. As the results, the temperature was decreased in almost quadratic curve from top to bottom in single shell of the shell and tube-type heat exchanger. Further the changes of pressure and velocity in outlet according to change of inlet temperature were not observed. The cost for operating the shell and tube-type heat exchanger should be compared the supply cost of hot air with that of velocity in order to make a economic decision.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.872-879
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• 2002

One of the improtant characteristics of core-shell type nanoparticles is the long-term storage and reuse as an aqueous injection solution when required. For this reason, reconstruction of lyophilized core-shell type nanoparticles is considered to be essential . BAB type triblock copolymers differ from AB type diblock copolymers, which contain the A block as a hydrophilic part and the B block as a hydrophobic part. by not being easily redistributed into phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4, 0.1 M). Therefore, lyophilized core-shell type nanoparticles of CEC triblock copolymer were reconstituted using a somication process with a bar-type sonicator in combination with a freezing-thawing process. Soncation for 30s only resuspended CEC nanoparticles in PBS; their particle size distribution showed a monomodal pattern with narrow size distribution. The bimodal size distribution pattern and the aggregates were reduced by further sonication for 120 s but these nanoparticles showed a wide size distribution. The initial burst of drug release was increased by reconstitution process. The reconstitution of CEC core-shell type nanoparticles by freezing-thawing resulted in trimodal distribution pattern and formed aggregates, although freezing-thawing process was easier than sonication . Drug release form CEC nanoparticles prepared by freezing-thawing was slower than from the original dialysis solution. Although core-shell typenanoparticles of CEC triblock copolymers were not easily performed. Cytotoxicity testing of core-shell type nanoparticles of CEC-2 triblock copolymers containing clonazepam (CNZ) was performed using L929 cells. Cytotoxicity of CNZ was decreased by incorporation into nanoparticles.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제54권12호
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• pp.515-519
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• 2005

We have developed shell type 765kV transformers for generator step-up. Our research and development for shell type 765kV transformers have been continued since 1990. The shell type 765kV transformers of single phase 3MVA for step-up and 500MVA for power transmission were developed in Dec. 1992 and Oct. 1996, respectively. 204MVA 765kV transformer for generator step-up was also developed with the basis of technique and experience to the present. Total 12 phases of 204MVA 765kV transformers will be delivered at Tangjin thermal power plant by 2006. This paper describes electrical and structural features of the shell type 204MVA 765kV transformer.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.76.2-76.2
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• 2019

Shells in early-type galaxies are low surface brightness tidal debris, which are wide concentric arcs of overdense stellar regions with large opening angles. The most widely accepted mechanism today for shell formation is the merger scenario, but the dominant merger type producing shells is not clearly understood yet: major/minor and wet/dry mergers. Since shells are regarded as smoking-gun evidence of merging events, detailed understanding of shell galaxies is very useful to constrain the formation process of early-type galaxies. In this study, we investigate the metallicity gradients of eight early-type shell galaxies using CALIFA IFU data to better understand the nature and origins of galaxy shells. We estimate simple stellar population properties out to three effective radius from the measurement of Lick/IDS absorption line indices. We compare the metallicity gradients of shell galaxies with those of normal early-type galaxies in the same mass range. In this presentation, we discuss how much the gradients of shell galaxies are different from those of normal early-type galaxies and what the existence of galaxy shells implies about galaxy formation.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.89-99
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• 1999

The automatic design of shell & tube type oil cooler can be used in real industrial environments. Since the automatic design system is intended to be used in small companies, it is designed to be operated well under environments of CAD package in the personal computer. It has adopted GUI in design system, and has employed DCl language. Design parameters to be considered in the design stage of shell and tube type oil cooler are type of oil cooler, outer diameter, thickness, length of tube, tube arrangement, tube pitch, flow rate, inlet and outlet temperature, physical properties, premissive pressure loss on both sides, type of baffle plate, baffle plate cutting ratio, clearance between baffle plate outer diameter and shell inner diameter and clearance between baffle plate holes. As a result, the automatic design system of shell & tube type oil cooler is constructed by the environment of CAD software using LISP. We have built database of design data for various kinds of shell & tube type oil coolers. The automatic design system have been assessed and compared with existing specification of design. Good agreement with Handbook of heat exchanger and design dta of real industrial environments has been found.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.632-640
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• 2003

Geographic variation in shell morphology of Thais clavigera $(K\"{u}ster)$ (Gastropoda: Muricidae) was investigated using samples collected from 24 sites along the Korean coast. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied to 9 morphometric and 4 categorical variables. The shells of T. clavigera were classified into two distinct morph types (Type-W and -E). Temperature and salinity of the sampling sites were significantly correlated with the incidence of morph types. Relative abundance of Type-W (thin, yellowish brown shell with triangular nodules) was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with salinity. In contrast, relative abundance of Type-E (thick, dark purple shell with round nodules) was negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with salinity. Possible correlation between environmental factors (temperature and salinity) and morphological variations in the shells were discussed.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2011

This study carried out a series of experiments involving impact tests (Drop weight type & Charpy type with a standard specimen and newly designed I-type specimen), hardness tests, and fracture surface observations of French-made roll shell steel (F), abnormal roll shell steel (M), reheated roll shell steel (R), and S25C steel under heat treatment conditions ($570^{\circ}C$) to analyze the cause and prevent the roll shell steel's brittle fracture and its damage.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.467-475
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• 2001

A triblock copolymer based on $poly(\varepsilon-caprolactone)$ (PCL) as the hydrophobic part and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the hydrophilic portion was synthesized by a ring-opening mechanism of ${\varepsilon}-caprolactone$ with PEG containing a hydroxyl group at bot h ends as an initiator. The synthesized block copolymers of PCL/PEG/PCL (CEC) were confirmed and characterized using various analysis equipment such as 1H NMR, DSC, FT-IR, and WAXD. Core-shell type nanoparticles of CEC triblock copolymers were prepared using a dialysis technique to estimate their potential as a colloidal drug carrier using a hydrophobic drug. From the results of particle size analysis and transmission electron microscopy, the particle size of CEC core-shell type nanoparticles was determined to be about 20-60 nm with a spherical shape. Since CEC block copolymer nanoparticles have a core-shell type micellar structure and small particle size similar to polymeric micelles, CEC block copolymer can self-associate at certain concentrations and the critical association concentration (CAC) was able to be determined by fluorescence probe techniques. The CAC values of the CEC block copolymers were dependent on the PCL block length. In addition, drug loading contents were dependent on the PCL block length: the larger the PCL block length, the higher the drug loading content. Drug release from CEC core-shell type nanoparticles showed an initial burst release for the first 12 hrs followed by pseudo-zero order release kinetics for 2 or 3 days. CEC-2 block copolymer core-shell type nanoparticles were degraded very slowly, suggesting that the drug release kinetics were governed by a diffusion mechanism rather than a degradation mechanism irrelevant to the CEC block copolymer composition.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.186-194
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• 2016

In this study, a co-axial flow induced microfluidic chip to fabricate pure collagen type I microfiber via the control of collagen type I and Na-alginate gelation process. The pure collagen type I microfiber was generated by selective degradation of Ca-alginate from 'Core-Shell' structured hydrogel microfiber. To make 'Core-Shell' structure, collagen type I solution was introduced into core channel and 1.5% Na-alginate solution was injected into side channel in microfluidic chip. To evaluatethe 'Core-Shell' structure, the red and green fluorescence substances were mixed into collagen type I and Na-alginate solution, respectively. The fluorescence substances were uniformly loaded into each fiber, and the different fluorescence images were dependent on their location. By immoblizing EpH4-Ras and C6 cells within collagen type I and Na-alginate solution, we sucessfully demonstrated the co-culture of EpH4-Ras and C6 cells with 'Core-Shell' like hydrogel microfiber for 5 days. Only to produce pure collagen type I hydrogel fiber, tri-sodium citrate solution was used to dissolve the shell-like Ca-alginate hydrogel fiber from 'Core-Shell' structured hydrogel microfiber, which is an excellent advantage when the fiber is employed in three-dimensional scaffold. This novel method could apply various application in tissue engineering and biomedical engineering.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.449-459
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• 2000

기존의 Mindlin이론을 바탕으로 한 감절점 쉘 요소는 두께가 두꺼운 쉘 구조를 해석할 경우 매우 좋은 결과가 얻어지는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 두께가 얇은 쉘의 경우 전단구속 및 막구속 현상으로 인해 요소의 강성이 과대하게 평가되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 서로 다른 두 가지 막 및 전단 구속 해결방법을 조합하여 쉘 요소에 적용하였다. 첫 번째 요소는 전단 변형률에 가정된 전단변형률을 적용하였고, 막 변형률에는 감차적분법을 적용하였다. 두 번째 요소의 경우, 막 변형률과 전단 변형률 모두에 가정된 전단 변형률을 적용하여 쉘 구조해석을 수행하였다. 여러 가지 수치 해석을 수행한 결과, 두 가지 쉘 요소가 빠른 수렴성을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 막 구속과 전단 구속 현상이 제거된 것을 나타났다.