• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.583-586
• /
• 2000

This work ethibits how susceptive the shear ultrasonic waves are to a little misoriented plies according to the angle variation of shear ultrasoic waves $0^\circ$ , $45^\circ$ and $90^\circ$. Also, it is shown that shear waves, particularly the transmission mode with the transmitter and receiver perpendicular to each other, have high sensitivity for detecting anomalies in fiber orientation and ply layup sequence that may occur in the manufacturing of composite laminates. Experimental results are agreed with modeling solutions which were based on decomposition of shear wave polarization vector as it propagates through the composite laminates. This wave appeared considerably to be sensitive to CFRP composites to the thickness direction along in-plane fibers.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.46-54
• /
• 2013

Study of the wave structure and shear layer in the vicinity of a wall mounted cavity is done by time averaged colour schlieren and time resolved instantaneous shadowgraph technique in an M=1.7 flowfield. Effect of change of cavity width on flow structure is investigated by using constant length to depth (L/D) ratio cavity models with varying length to width (L/W) ratio of 0.83 to 4. The time averaged shock wave structure was observed to change with change in cavity width. Dependence of the shock angle at the leading edge on the shear layer width is also evident from the images obtained. Unsteadiness in the flow field in terms of shear layer dynamics and quasi steady nature of shock waves was evident from the images obtained during instantaneous shadowgraph experiments. Apart from the leading and trailing edge shocks, several other waves and flow features were observed. These flow features and the associated physical phenomena are discussed in details and presented in the paper.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제70권4호
• /
• pp.407-420
• /
• 2019

In the present work, an attempt is made to explore the effects of shear in-plane preload on the wave propagation response of small-scale plates containing nanofibers. The small-scale system is assumed to be embedded in an elastic matrix. The nonlocal elasticity is utilized in order to develop a size-dependent model of plates. The proposed plate model is able to describe both nanofiber effects and the influences of being at small-scales on the wave propagation response. The size-dependent differential equations are derived for motions along all directions. The size-dependent coupled equations are solved analytically to obtain the phase and group velocities of the small-scale plate under a shear in-plane preload. The effects of this shear preload in conjunction with nanofiber and size effects as well as the influences of the elastic matrix on the wave propagation response are analyzed in detail.

• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 2012

PURPOSES: It is important to consider the long-term performance of concrete pavement, because concrete pavement is more exposed to the various environmental conditions than any other concrete structures. One of the several methods to evaluate the long-term performance of concrete during winter is KS F 2456. Relative dynamic modulus of elasticity shows the resistance to freezing and thawing. METHODS: To measure relative dynamic modulus of elasticity, ultra sonic is generally used. But in this study, to measure the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity, both ultra sonic and shear wave were used and then compared each other. RESULTS: The results from the measurement by ultrasonic wave and shear wave were divided into three types. Type 1 : Specimens are good and relative dynamic modulus of elasticity did not decrease until 300 cycle. Type 2 : The relative dynamic modulus of elasticity decreased from the late cycle.(about 150 cycle later) Type 3 : The relative dynamic modulus of elasticity consistently decreased from the beginning. As a result of ANOVA, there is no difference according to measuring method, in type 2 and 3. But there is a difference according to measuring method, in type 1's relative dynamic modulus of elasticity. CONCLUSIONS: It is proved that shear wave can be used to understand the damage tendency of relative freezing and thawing and to measure the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제53권6호
• /
• pp.1143-1165
• /
• 2015

In this work, various higher-order shear deformation plate theories for wave propagation in functionally graded plates are developed. Due to porosities, possibly occurring inside functionally graded materials (FGMs) during fabrication, it is therefore necessary to consider the wave propagation in plates having porosities in this study. The developed refined plate theories have fewer number of unknowns and equations of motion than the first-order shear deformation theory, but accounts for the transverse shear deformation effects without requiring shear correction factors. The rule of mixture is modified to describe and approximate material properties of the functionally graded plates with porosity phases. The governing equations of the wave propagation in the functionally graded plate are derived by employing the Hamilton's principle. The analytic dispersion relation of the functionally graded plate is obtained by solving an eigenvalue problem. The effects of the volume fraction distributions and porosity volume fraction on wave propagation of functionally graded plate are discussed in detail. The results carried out can be used in the ultrasonic inspection techniques and structural health monitoring.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2007년도 공동학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.75-79
• /
• 2007

To investigate the shear-wave velocity structures of the Korean peninsula, exploded seismic signals were recorded for 120 s along a 294-km WNW-ESE line and 150 s along a 335-km NNW-SSE line in 2002 and 2004, respectively. First arrival times of shear wave were inverted to derive the velocity tomograms. Initial shear-wave 1-D models were built using the initial P-wave velocity models used by Kim et al. and $V_p/V_s$ ratios of the IASP91 model. The raypaths indicate existence of mid-crust interfaces at the depth of 2-3 km and 16 km. The deepest significant interface corresponding to the Moho discontinuity varies in depth from 32 km to 36 km. The refraction velocity along the interface varies from 4.4 km/s to 4.6 km/s. The velocity tomograms also indicate existence of a low-velocity zone at the depth of 7.8 km under the Okchon fold belt.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.8-13
• /
• 2008

In this study, an investigation of shear wave ultrasonic technique was carried out to detect stacking orientation error for CF/Epoxy quasi-isotropy composite laminates. The ultrasonic shear wave is particularly sensitive to ply orientation and layup sequence in tire CF/Epoxy composite laminates. In the manufacturing of composite laminates, it is important that layup errors be detected in samples. In this work, an effect was mack to develop shear wave techniques that can be applied to composite laminates. During testing, the mast significant problem is that the couplant conditions do not remain the same because of its changing viscosity. The design and use of a shear ware transducer would greatly alleviate the couplant problem. A pyramid of aluminum, with isosceles triangle (two 45o angles) sides, was made to generate shear waves, using two longitudinal transducers based on an ultrasonic-polarized mechanism. A signal splitter was connected to the pulser jack on a pulser/receiver and to the longitudinal transducers. The longitudinal transducers were mounted with mineral oil, and the shear transducer was mounted with burnt honey on the bottom as a receiver. The shear wave was generated at a maximum and a minimum based on the ultrasonic-polarized mechanism. Results show it is feasible to measure layup error using shear wave transducers on a stacking of prepregs in composites.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제28권8호
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 2012

깊이에 따른 지반의 전단파 속도(또는 전단탄성계수) 분포는 일반적인 지반 해석 설계 또는 지진해석과 같은 다양한 지반공학분야에서 사용되는 중요한 물성치이다. 이러한 지반의 전단파속도 주상도는 탄성파 탐사를 통해 결정할 수 있으며, 이를 위한 다양한 탄성파 탐사 방법이 연구개발 되어 있다. 표면파 탐사법은 모든 실험이 지표면에서 이루어지는 탄성파 탐사법들 중의 하나로서 현장 실험, 파장(또는 주파수)에 따른 표면 계측파의 위상속도 곡선인 분산곡선의 결정, 역산을 통한 대상 지반의 전단파 속도 주상도의 결정으로 동일하게 구성되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 표면파 실험을 위한 자동화된 역산 방법을 개발하였으며, 제안된 방법을 가장 최근에 개발된 표면파 탐사법들 중 하나인 HWAW(Harmonic Wavelet Analysis of Waves) 방법에 적용하였다. 제안된 방법에서는 새로운 오차함수를 제안하고 이를 이용한 유전자 알고리즘을 역산에 사용하였다. 제안된 방법의 타당성을 검토하고자 수치모의 실험과 현장 실험을 수행하였으며, 이를 통해 제안된 방법의 현장 적용성 및 타당성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.108-113
• /
• 2006

일반적인 물리탐사기법은 도심지 내에서 구조물, 전도성 지하매설물, 차량 등 인공 잡음으로 인하여 그 적용성에 많은 제약을 받는다. 특히 이 과업은 철도가 운행 중인 철로 하부의 지반 정보의 획득을 목적으로 하는데, 이를 위한 일반적인 물리탐사 적용이 어려웠으며 그 대안으로 선형배열 상시진동 탄성파탐사를 적용하였다. 상시진동 탐사(mircotremor survey)기법에는 철로를 운행하는 기차와 주변 도로의 차량에 의한 진동이 오히려 양호한 송신원으로 활용 될 수 있다. 선형배열 상시진동 탐사기법에서는 일반적인 굴절법 장비를 이용하여 일상적인 진동을 기록하고, 파동장의 변환을 수행하여 표면파의 분산곡선을 얻는다. 이후 발췌한 분산곡선에 대한 반복적인 수치모델링을 통하여 전단파 속도를 구한다. 이 과업에서는 기존 철로를 따라 하부의 터널심도까지의 전단파 속도를 전체 터널구간에 대하여 얻기 위하여 40 m 간격으로 선형배열을 이동하면서 자료를 획득하였다. 측선상의 시추를 통하여 회수한 코어를 이용한 실내시험을 통한 RMR 의 구성요소 중 하나인 일축압축강도와 전단파 속도와의 높은 상관관계를 확인하여 RMR이 전단파 속도와 연관성이 있음을 유추할 수 있었다. 시추공에서 수행한 SPS 검층에서 획득한 전단파 속도와 RMR의 비교한 결과 전단파 속도와 RMR이 높은 상관관계에 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 상시진동 탐사기법을 통하여 획득한 전단파 속도 역시 RMR과의 양호한 상관관계를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 상관관계를 이용하여 도심지 철도터널 전체 구간에서 터널 설계시 필수적인 암반분류를 위한 RMR 추정이 가능하였다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.22-31
• /
• 1991

Various types of ultrasonic techniques have been used for the estimation of compressive strength of concrete structures. However, conventional ultrasonic velocity method using only longitudial wave cannot be determined the compressive strength of concrete structures with accuracy. In this paper, by using the introduction of multiple parameter, e. g. velocity of shear wave, velocity of longitudinal wave, attenuation coefficient of shear wave, attenuation coefficient of longitudinal wave, combination condition, age and preservation method, multiple regression analysis method was applied to the determination of compressive strength of concrete structures. The experimental results show that velocity of shear wave can be estimated compressive strength of concrete with more accuracy compared with the velocity of longitudinal wave, accuracy of estimated error range of compressive strength of concrete structures can be enhanced within the range of ${\pm}$10% approximately.