• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.301-308
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• 2007

Sesame has usually been harvested manually in korea. The conventional sesame harvest procedures consists of cutting, binding, drying and pod shattering. The procedures of drying and shattering are repeated $2{\sim}3$ times. By manual works of this conventional shattering, it was found that some extent of pods were has always remained unopened. Therefore, this study was conducted to find a way to save the labor of sesame shattering by use of a drying device; a prototype of shattering machine was developed and tested the performance. The developed prototype consists of several parts: a continuous horizontal inlet using a chain conveyer, a shattering by a shocking agitator, a rotating cone for shattering of remaining closed pods, and a winnow. The shattering ratio measured by this prototype was 90.3%, 6.4% and 3.3% at the first, second and third shattering step, respectively. We found that in contrast to the conventional method which required at least 3 times operations for complete shattering, this shattering prototype with the condition of sufficient dried sesame pod offered more than 90% of shattering ratio in the first operation.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.425-433
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• 2009

The developed final shattering machine for labor-saving mechanization of shattering of sesame consisted of input part, shattering part, re-shattering part for unshattered pod and pneumatic sorter. The bundle of sesame was held as upside down and fed into the machine continuously. Then, the fed bundle of sesame was shattered by side shock and agitation. The performance of shattering for the sun dried bundle of sesame of conventional manual work and final shattering machine was compared. Since the shattering ratio measured by the final machine was 97.2% at the first operation, in case of fully dried sesame by drying stand, the harvest of sesame can be completed by only one time shattering operation. The work hour per area of 10 a for the mechanical work and the manual work were 0.3 hour and 13.9 hour, respectively. The total shattering ratio of the final machine with vertical feedings of bundle of sesames was 97.2%.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.420-424
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• 2009

Since the sesame pod gets open gradually from the lower to upper parts of the stem due to its different maturity during cutting and binding of sesame, at the conventional work for shattering, the procedures of drying and shattering are repeated two or three times. Therefore, in this study, a drying stand with transparent plastic cover was developed to complete the drying and shattering at the same time. Owing to the developed drying stand, simple drying work, the area for drying was reduced prevention of sesame seeds from loss and rain are available. The performance of developed drying stand was evaluated. Before the drying stand was developed, the conventional method and shattering machine for shattering sesame required at least three times of operation for complete shattering. But After drying stand was developed, the complete shattering works was possible with only one time shattering operation. Finally, the developed drying stand could prevent approximately 5% of the total sesame seed production from loss during drying and shattering works.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.311-317
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• 1986

수도의 재배 환경차이에 따른 탈립성 변이를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 출수후 일수에 따른 탈립율 변이는 품종간에 다소 상이한 경향이었으나 역탈립성 품종에서 수확시기별 탈발률 변이가 큰 편이었다. 2. 수확후 건조일수에 따른 탈립률 변리는 수확직후보다는 6 일간 건조시켰을 때 탈립률이 훨씬 높게 나타났다. 3. 재배시기별 탈립률 변리는 재배시기가 늦어질수록 탈립률이 낮아졌으며 이러한 경향은 역탈립성품종에서 더욱 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 4. 탈립성의 연차간 변이도 유의한 변이가 인정되었으며 역탈립성 품종에서 더욱 높게 나타났다. 5. 질소 시비수준 증가함에 따라 대체로 탈립률이 높아지는 경향이었으며 역탈립성 품종에서 그 변이정도가 컸다. 6. 출수전 11∼5일 사이의 저온처리와 저온 및 차광처리에서 탈립률이 가장 높게 나타났으며 밀양2003는 저온처리에 비해 저온과 차광을 동시에 처리했을 때 탈립률이 더욱 높게 나타났다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.146-146
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• 2017

The pod shattering or dehiscence is essential for the propagation of pod-bearing plant species in the wild, but it causes significant yield losses during harvest of domesticated crop plants. Identifying novel molecular makers, which are linked to seed-shattering genes, is needed to employ the molecular marker-assisted selection for efficiently developing shattering-resistant soybean varieties. In this study, a genetic linkage map was constructed using 115 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from crosses between the pod shattering susceptible variety, Keunol, and resistant variety, Sinpaldal. A 180 K Axiom(R) SoyaSNPs data and pod shattering data from two environments in 2001 and 2015 were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for pod shattering. A major QTL was identified between two flanking single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, AX-90320801 and AX-90306327 on chromosome 16 with 1.3 cM interval, 857 kb of physical range. In sequence, genotype distribution analysis was conducted using extreme phenotype RILs. This could narrow down the QTL down to 153 kb on the physical map and was designated as qPDH1-KS with 6 annotated gene models. All exons within qPDH1-KS were sequenced and the 6 polymorphic SNPs affecting the amino acid sequence were identified. To develop universally available molecular markers, 38 Korean soybean cultivars were investigated by the association study using the 6 identified SNPs. Only two SNPswere strongly associated with the pod shattering. These two identified SNPs will help to identify the pod shattering responsible gene and to develop pod shattering-resistant soybean plants using marker-assisted selection.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.491-495
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• 2004

기존의 내탈립성 참깨들은 우리나라 환경에서의 적응성이 떨어지며 수량성도 낮았으나, 계속적인 개량으로 인해 기존품종보다 내탈립성이 뛰어나면서도 수량성 등 제반 형질이 뒤지지 않는 새로운 내탈립성 참깨의 개발을 목전에 두고 있다. 그러나 앞으로도 계속적인 개량이 필요한 이들 내탈립성 참깨의 효율적인 육성 기술은 아직 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 시험에서는 이와 관련된 기술로 참깨 종자의 내탈립성을 나타내는 구체적인 기작 및 효율적인 탈립성 검정 방법 등을 밝히고자 수행하였던 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 참깨 종자의 내탈립성의 원인을 검토한 결과 PA형의 내탈립성은 꼬투리(capsule)내 태좌의 종자 보유력이 크기 때문에 나타난 것으로 추정되었으며, ID형은 꼬투리의 중과피(mesocarp) 두께가 일반 참깨보다 두껍기 때문이었으며, SL형은 꼬투리에 seam이 존재하지 않기 때문이었다. 또한 내탈립성 참깨들은 일부의 개체에서 탈립성이 큰 변이가 나타났는데, 이는 이들 참깨들의 진화방향이 탈립성이 큰 방향임을 의미하는 것으로 판단되었다. 탈립성 측정을 위한 적합한 건조 조건은 상온에서는 참깨 수확 후 최소 20일, $40^{\circ}C$의 건조기 내에서는 10일 이상의 건조기간이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 1984

This study was intended to analyze the dynamic force system which induced the shattering of paddy grains. A model to predict the shattering of paddy grains was developed, and physical quantities, such as mass distribution and rigidity of rice plant, needed for evaluating the minimum shattering forces were also measured. Under the assumption that rice plant right before harvesting is a vibratory system, the mathematical model of the vibratory system was developed and solved with the varied conditions of forcing functions. The results of the study were summarized as follows: 1. The shattering of grain occurred at the abscission layer of grain by the bending moments resulted from the impact force due to the collision of panicles of rice plant. 2. The vibratory model developed for milyang 23 rice variety was analyzed to give the natural frequencies of 7-9 Hz, which were closely related with the excitation frequencies of 4-10 Hz caused by various machine parts besides engine. Thus, avoiding the resonance should be taken into consideration in the design of the harvesting machinery. 3. It was analyzed to predict the lowest frequency that could develop the shattering when the excitation force was applied to the lower end of stem. The lowest frequency for the Milyang 23 rice variety ranged from 8.33 Hz to 11.66 Hz as the amplitude varied from 1 cm to 2.5 cm. 4. The degree of shattering depended upon the magnitude of the impact force and its application point. For Milyang 23 rice variety, the minimum impact force developing the shattering was $5g_f$ when it was applied at 1 cm above the lower end of stern and $1g_f$ when applied at 5 cm above the lower end of stem. 5. The minimum colliding velocity of the panicle, when it was on the ground that would just develop the shattering, was given as follows, $$V=\sqrt{\frac{K_t}{m_g}{\cdot}{{\phi}^2}}$$ where V : The colliding velocity of the panicle against ground to cause the shatteering of rice grain. (cm/sec) $K_t$ : The minimum spring constant for bending at the abscission layer of grain. (dyne-cm/rad) ${\phi}$ : The minimum shattering angle of grain (rad) $m_g$ : The maximum mass of grain. (g).

• 대한수학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.543-558
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• 2002

We investigate the fragmentation process developed by Kolmogorov and Filippov, which has been studied extensively by many physicists (independently for some time). One of the most interesting phenomena is the shattering (or disintegration of mass) transition which is considered a counterpart of the well known gelation phenomenon in the coagulation process. Though no masses are subtracted from the system during the break-up process, the total mass decreases in finite time. The occurrence of shattering transition is explained as due to the decomposition of the mass into an infinite number of particles of zero mass. It is known only that shattering phenomena occur for some special types of break-up rates. In this paper, by considering the n-particle system of stochastic fragmentation processes, we find general conditions of the rates which guarantee the occurrence of the shattering transition.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.198-203
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• 2007

참깨는 무한화서의 특성을 지니고 있어 생육후기까지도 생식생장이 지속되어 한국의 기후상황에서는 필연적으로 미등숙 종실의 발생과 탈립으로 인한 수량 손실 등 재배상 여러 가지 문제점을 수반하게 된다. 현재 개발되고 있는 내탈립성 참깨들에 의해 이러한 문제점은 개선이 가능할 것으로 기대되고 있다. 본 연구는 새로 개발된 내탈립성 참깨와 기존의 탈립성 참깨들 간의 이면교잡을 통하여 내탈립성 및 기타 양적형질들의 유전분석을 실시하여 보다 개량된 내탈립성 참깨 품종육성의 기초자료로 이용하고자 수행되었으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 유전분석 결과 조사된 6개 양적형질 모두 비대립 유전자의 상호작용이 존재하지 않음이 인정되었다. 2. 경장, 착삭부위장, 주당수량 및 탈립율은 상가적 효과가 큰 부분우성으로, 분지수는 완전우성에 가깝게, 주당삭수는 초우성에 의해 지배되는 것으로 판단되었다. 3. 탈립율의 우성방향은 탈립율이 큰쪽이었으며, 내탈립성 참깨 수원195호는 탈립을 적게 하는 열성유전자를 많이 가진 것으로 나타났다. 4. 모든 형질에서 광의의 유전력은 0.8이상으로 높게 나타났고, 분지수, 주당삭수, 주당수량 및 탈립율의 협의의 유전력은 $0.447{\sim}0.628$로 낮았으며, 경장과 착삭부위장은 협의의 유전력도 0.8이상으로 높게 나타났다.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.855-867
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• 2005

Shattering or disintegration of mass is a well known phenomenon in fragmentation processes first introduced by Kol­mogorov and Filippop and extensively studied by many physicists. Though the mass is conserved in each break-up, the total mass decreases in finite time. We investigate this phenomenon in the n particle system. In this system, shattering can be interpreted such that, in uniformly bounded time on n, order n of mass is located in order o(n) of clusters. It turns out that the tagged particle processes associated with the systems are useful tools to analyze the phenomenon. For the newly defined stochastic shattering based on the above ideas, we derive far sharper conditions of fragmentation kernels which guarantee the occurrence of such a phenomenon than our previous work [9].