• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.3 s.75
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• pp.169-183
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• 2005

The present study purposed to identify differences and similarities in traditional residential space among Korea. China and Japan, which share similar social structure, and to make a comparative analysis on differences in traditional residential space according to family relation in the three countries. For these Purpose, this study selected residences, which are similar to one another in terns of time, class and economy and analyzed them using their floor plans and photographs. The results of this research are as follows. Knrea, China and Japan, all of which have family-centered social structure, separate their residential space from the external society and particularly women's space is placed inside men's space or in a secluded area. The most remarkable characteristic of residential space in Korea is the division of living spare between men and women. Space is allocated according to the hierarchical order of families. In this way, the position or order of family members is reflected in the use of space. Characteristically in China based on the large-family system each family is given a space for independent life. Particularly as the relation among brothers is emphasized, space is allocated equally to all brothers but the status of a space is determined by the order of the residents. Residential space in Japan is organized to emphasize the absolute authority and status of the head of the family. As the space is planned focused on the family head's daily life and guest reception, the relation among other family members is ignored. That is, Japanese residence is a social space for the family head's guest reception, Chinese residence is a family-centered space rather than a social space, and Korean residence accommodates both space for family life and social space.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.87-98
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• 2015

As an apartment house as well as improving quality of life is becoming one of the brands, it is increasing the importance of the outer space with the facilities in the housing complex. In particular, the outdoor playground such as the community facilities that children and adults share as the activity areas for residents has received attention. However, actually children have not used many of Korean apartment housing playgrounds that were installed formally in the scrap area according to the housing plan by residential construction standards. it is considered necessary to improve the quality of the playground in housing complex and reform it in order to make the eco-friendly play space in which children can play safely and h healthily. As an alternative, we analyzed the eco-friendly properties of the playgrounds installed in the eco-friendly housing complex in Germany and derived the main planning elements of eco-friendly playground. In the observational survey of the 10 playgrounds in 9 housing complexes in 5 regions in Germany, we evaluated the environment-friendliness of these playgrounds in the 8 fields(location and placement, ecological environment, play space, play equipment and facilities, additional facilities, materials and resources, energy saving, environmental load reduction) according to the levels(suitable, partial reflection, unsuitable, non-reflection) of reflection of eco-friendly planning factors. The following is the summary of the results about the reflection of eco-friendly planning factors. In terms of "suitable": location and placement(88.8%), play equipment and facilities(73.5%), additional facilities(60.6%), environmental load reduction(54%), and ecological environment(50%) were higher than others. In terms of "unsuitable": there was nothing. In terms of "non-reflection": energy saving(95%), additional facilities(32.2%), and materials and resources(30.9%) were in order. Therefore, on the basis of these results, this study proposed the planning indicators to be considered first and the planning factors that should be complemented and improved in the construction of apartment housing playground in future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.1104-1113
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• 2007

As there have recently been a rapid development in a supercomputer network infrastructure and an increase in the use of wireless terminals such as a PDA and cellular phone, people realize that it is highly required that they develope a various types of application services to integrate wireless network and engage them. On top of that, because current appliances are being converted into digital domestic appliances, and network and such appliances react upon each other, domestic appliances are now evolving to Internet appliances. Thus, people eager to establish a home network, which can offer a various sorts of services to customers because such appliances can share and send the data when such appliances are connected to power lines, telephone wires, and IEEE1394. Along with this, people are also enthusiastically conducting a study on Internet Application, which monitor and control the internet appliances triggered by connecting home network and supercomputer network. This study focuses on designing and developing an integrated wireless home server by effectively integrating wire and wireless network: It can approach and control each internet appliance connected with the home network inside and outside the house. In this study we also test it with an internet appliance simulator.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.24-37
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• 2012

In this study, Community Garden of various national and international practices trends to an advanced research, the concept of community garden participated with a group operation out of initiative to produce safety food while securing space for the community, ensuring the area that has gone through a new form of active secure urban green space plan, urban renewal movement was defined as the mean. Furthermore, for the purpose of improving the poor welfare environment by attempting to experimentally make a community garden of a disabled welfare house rooftop and how to target its planning and construction process, partnership involvement, business processes have been investigated, such as cost sharing. The whole process including a budget for development of this case was conducted by the Busan Green Trust. Standard Chartered (SC) First Bank's 50% fund share by community chest, participation of volunteers, support of Busan City and Saba-gu, outside of that, sharing parts or trial to participate by diverse partnership of enterprise, public corporation and laboratory, these are the key in developing community garden's model. Established community garden places resulted food production to users of welfare center for the disabled, participating urban agricultural experience program, horticultural therapy, complex community chapter and cultural center. Furthermore, we could find the meaning of rooftop community garden in the point that it is a low cost garden by applying movable and unmovable planters. This study is profitable for improving urban environment, ensuring community chapter and urban green areas, regenerating a city to develop experimental community garden model by using a welfare house rooftop.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.351-361
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• 1995

The main purpose of the study is to identify critical risk factors for development of a family assessment tool to screen high risk family. This study used a conceptual framework of family diagnosis developed by Eui-sook Kim's (1993) and analyzed risk factors to identify the high risk family. As employing a explorative and methodological study design, this study has four stages. 1. In the first stage, 34 family risk factors were identified by doing intensive literature review on conceptual framework of family diagnoses. 2. In the second stage, above risk factors were tested for content validity by consultation with 29 persons in community health nursing, nursing education, family theory, and social work. 3. In the third stage, existing survey data was used for actual application of the identified risk factors. The survey data used for this purpose was previously collected for the community diagnosis in a region of Seoul. At the final stage, through the comparison between high risk and low risk families, initially identified 34 risk factors decreased to 25 risk factors. Among 34 risk factors, six factors did not agree with content of questionnaries sand two factors were not significant in differentiating the high risk family Also, two risk factors showed high correlation between themselves, so only one of those two factors was chosen. As a result, twenty-five risk factors chosen to identify the high risk family are following ; 1. A single parent family due to divorce or death of a partner, or unweded single mother 2. A family with an unrelated household members 3. A family with a working mother with a young child 4. A family with no regular income 5. A family with no rule in family or too strict rules 6. A family with little or no support from other lam-ily members 7. A family with little or no support from friends or relatives 8. A family with little or no time to share with each other 9. A family with family history of hypertension, diabetus, cancer 10. A family with a sick person 11. A family with a mentally ill person 12. A family with a disabled person 13. A family with an alcoholic person 14. A family with a excessive smoker who smokes more than 1 pack / day 15. A family with too much salt intake in their diet. 16. A family with inappropriate management skills for family health 17. A family with high utilization of drug store than hospital to solve the health problems of the family 18. A family with disharmony between husband and wife 19. A family with conflicts among the family members 20. A family with unequal division of labor among family members 21. An authoritative family structure 22. A socially isolated family 23. The location of house is not residential area 24. A family with high risk of accidents 25. The drinking water and sewage systems are not hygienic. The main implication of the results of this study is clinical use. The high risk factors can be used to identify the high risk family effectively and efficiently. The use of high risk factors woule contribute to develop a conceptual framework of family diagnosis in Korea and the list of risk factors need to be revised continuously. Further researches are needed to develop an index of weight of each risk factor and to validate the risk factors.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2016

Purpose - In this paper, the degree of similarity and dissimilarity between pairs of 50 major cities in China can be shown on the basis of three evaluation variables(internet businessman index, internet shopping index and e-commerce development index). Dissimilarity distance matrix is used to analyze both similarity and dissimilarity between each fifty city in China by calculating dissimilarity as distance. Higher value signifies higher degree of dissimilarity between two cities. Cluster analysis is exploited to classify 50 cities into a number of different groups such that similar cities are placed in the same group. In addition, multidimensional scaling(MDS) technique can obtain visual representation for exploring the pattern of proximities among 50 major cities in China based on three development performance attributes. Research design, data, and methodology - This research is performed by the 2013 report provided with AliResearch in China(1/1/2013~11/30/2013) and utilized multivariate methods such as dissimilarity distance matrix, cluster analysis and MDS by using CLUSTER, KMEANS, PROXIMITIES and ALSCAL procedures in SPSS 21.0. Results - This research applies two types of cluster analysis and MDS on three development performances based on the 2013 report of Aliresearch. As a result, it is confirmed that grouping is possible by categorizing the types into four clusters which share similar characteristics. MDS is exploited to carry out positioning of both grouped locations of cluster and 50 major cities belonging to each cluster. Since all the values corresponding to Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Hangzhou(which belong to cluster 1 among 50 major cities) are very large, these cities are superior to other cities in all three evaluation attributes. Twelve cities(Beijing, ShangHai, Jinghua, ZhuHai, XiaMen, SuZhou, NanJing, DongWan, ZhangShan, JiaXing, NingBo and FoShan), which belong to cluster 3, are inferior to those of cluster 1 in terms of all three attributes, but they can be expected to be the next e-commerce revolution. The rest of major cities, in particular, which belong to cluster 4 are relatively inferior in all three attributes, so that this automatically evokes creative innovation, which leads to e-commerce development as a whole in China. In terms of internet businessman index, on the other hand, Tainan, Taizhong, and Gaoxiong(which belong to cluster 2) are situated superior to others. However, these three cities are inferior to others in an internet shopping index sense. The rest of major cities, in particular, which belong to cluster 4 are relatively inferior in all three evaluation attributes, so that this automatically evokes innovation and entrepreneurship, which leads to e-commerce development as a whole in China. Conclusions - This study suggests the implications to help e-governmental officers and companies make strategies in both Korea and China. This is expected to give some useful information in understanding the recent situation of e-commerce in China, by looking over development performances of 50 major cities. Therefore, we should develop marketing, branding and communication relevant to online Chinese consumers. One of these efforts will be incentives like loyalty points and coupons that can encourage consumers and building in-house logistics networks.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.91-114
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• 2011

The market size of e-Commerce in Japan was 15 trillion Yen in 2006, and B2C Internet shopping sales were over 6.57 trillion in 2009. Lakuten is a representative Internet shopping company whose market share is 45%. Lakuten has over 70,000 online stores and Japanese shoppers trust them based on the fair competition rule and pre-control system on e-commerce. Japanese consumers accept new technology rapidly and highly use Internet and mobile channel. This research analyse online shopping behaviors of Japan, a big e-commerce market. Internet shopping intention, satisfaction, and recommendation by Internet shopping motivations, perceived risks, shopping innovativeness were analyzed. A questionnaire survey of 464 Japanese consumer was performed and ANOVA, factor analysis, reliability test have done by SPSS 12.0. As the results, Internet shopping intentions were higher in groups of olders, higher innovativeness. House wives' satisfaction of Internet shopping is highest. High innovativeness group showed higher internet shopping motivation of economics, connivence, hedonic, and social. Student, women, and low income group perceives high risks to Internet shopping. Implications and further researches were suggested based on the results.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.13-20
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• 2016

Recently, life-logging service which has expanded to measure and record the daily life of the users and to share with others are increasing. In particular, as life-logging services based on the application has become popular with the development of wearable-devices and smart-phones, the contents of this service are produced by user behavior and are provided in infographic menu form. The purpose of this paper is to extract user behavior and classify for making contents items of life-logging service. For this paper, the first of all, we discuss the definition and characteristics of life-logging and research the contents based on user behavior related to life-logging by the publications including thesis, articles, and books. Secondly, we extract and classify the user behavior to build the contents for life-logging service. We gather users' action words from publication materials, researches, and contents of existing life-logging service. And then collected words are analyzed by FGI (Focus Group Interview) and survey. As the result, 39 words which suit for contents of life-logging service are extracted by verify suitability. Finally, the extracted 39 words are classified for 19 categories -'Eat', 'Keep house', 'Diet', 'Travel', 'Work out', 'Transit', 'Shoot', 'Meet', 'Feel', 'Talk', 'Care for', 'Drive', 'Listen', 'Go online', 'Sleep', 'Go', 'Work', 'Learn', 'Watch' - which are suggested by the surveys, statistical analysis, and FGI. We will discuss the role and limitations of this results to build contents configuration based on life-logging application in this study.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.85-106
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• 2008

This study explores Korean youths' gender equality consciousness in an attempt to search for a way to increase youth's gender equality consciousness. First, this study carries out a survey of youths' gender equality consciousness based on questionnaires collected from a nationwide sample. Second, this study attempts to identify key points needed to evaluate youths' gender equality consciousness in terms of youths' general values. The data used for this survey is from the survey on youths' values conducted by Korean Institute for Health and Social Affairs in 2006 with a sample of 11,240 students from 132 schools nationwide. As a result, youths in 2006 had higher gender equality consciousness than that of previous years(2002). Especially, the support for the fair share of domestic work in the house by youths was significantly increased than the past. However, the survey of youths' values showed clear gender gaps in general attitudes of youths including gender equality consciousness. Female students not only had higher gender equality consciousness than male students but also had higher levels of 'universal value' which would allow one to become sensitive to discrimination and 'self development and achievement value'. In contrast, male students scored high on 'power-oriented value' related to discriminatory attitudes. Therefore, the study recommends focusing on alleviating the gender gaps through school education and other various media education.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2022

The development of the electrical, electronic, and telecommunication industries has increased the share of electricity in total energy consumption. With the enforcement of the Act on the Promotion of the Development, Use, and Diffusion of New and Renewable Energy in 2021, the mandatory supply ratio of new and renewable energy is expected to expand, and the amount of waste cables generated in the stage of replacing and discarding cables used in the industry is also expected to increase. The purpose of this study was to quantify the environmental burden of waste cable recycling through the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. The results showed that the higher the amount of glue contained in the waste cable, the greater was the amount of fine dust and greenhouse gases generated. In addition, by assigning weights to 10 environmental burden items, it was confirmed that the marine aquatic eco-toxicity potential (MAETP) and human toxicity potential (HTP) had the greatest environmental burden. The main causes were identified as heptane and ethanol, which were the glue contained in the waste cable and the cleaning solutions used to remove them. Therefore, it is necessary to refrain from using glue in the cable production process and reduce the environmental burden by reducing the use of waste cable cleaning solutions used in the recycling process or using alternative materials.