• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1665-1673
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• 2003

We propose an image-based three-dimensional shape determination system. The shape, and thus the three-dimensional coordinate information of the 3-D object, is determined solely from captured images of the 3-D object from a prescribed set of viewpoints. The approach is based on the shape-from-silhouette (SFS) technique, and the efficacy of the SFS method is tested using a sample data set. The extracted three-dimensional shape is modeled with polygons generated by a new iterative triangulation algorithm, and the polygon model can be exported to commercial software. The proposed system may be used to visualize the 3-D object efficiently, or to quickly generate initial CAD data for reverse engineering purposes, including three dimensional design applications such as 3-D animation and 3-D games.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2023

In this paper, we present a method for estimating full 3D shapes from given 2D silhouette images of human bodies. Because the silhouette only consists of the partial information on the true shape, it is an ill-posed problem. To address the problem, we use the statistical human shape space obtained from the existing large 3D human shape database. The method consists of three steps. First, we extract the boundary pixels and their appropriate normal vectors from the input silhouette images. Then, we initialize the correspondences of each pixel to the vertex of the statistically-deformable 3D human model. Finally, we numerically optimize the parameters of the statistical model to fit best to the given silhouettes. The viability and the robustness of the method is demonstrated with various experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.741-751
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• 2009

In order to design and develop the various silhouette of pants pattern for standardized pants patterns, this study is to classify the pants style by the silhouette and to characterize each pants pattern which are classified. Recent 37 ready-made pants patterns of various style were collected in order to analyze their silhouette from April to July 2007. Measurement of each region of the pants pattern were compared and analysed. After analyse the standard deviation, coefficient of variance, minimum, maximum, range about the measurement of each region of the pants pattern, major pattern design factors were extracted. Five major factors are the angle of center front line and center back line, the crotch extension, the position of center back line against center front line, the curvature of center back line, and amount of waist dart. As a result, pants style were grouped as the culottes, formal, basic and tight style after considering the extracted design factors, and analysing correlation, degree of dispersion of the measurement by part. As the silhouette of pants classification from culotte to tight, the fits are closer to the figure, crotch depth increases, crotch extensions are shorter, and angle of the center back increases. The shape of the connected front and back center lines is U-shape for culotte and is closer to V-shape as the silhouette becomes tight.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.15-18
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• 2002

We propose an image based three-dimensional shape determination system. The shape, and thus the three-dimensional coordinate information of the 3-D object, is determined solely from captured images of the 3-D object from a prescribed set of viewpoints. The approach is based on the shape from silhouette (SFS) technique and the efficacy of the SFS method is tested using a sample data set. This system may be used to visualize the 3-D object efficiently, or to quickly generate initial CAD data for reverse engineering purposes. The proposed system potentially may be used in three dimensional design applications such as 3-D animation and 3-D games.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.57-68
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• 2008

In this study, we prepared reference data needed for clothing design for middle-aged women by analyzing body satisfaction of their body shape, which had been classified by collecting body features of middle-aged women. As for the study method, we have set five scales from 'never satisfied' to 'very much satisfied,' after analyzing body features of middle-aged women by measuring their body shape through the body meter and auxiliary tools. We used the SPSS 12.0 statistics program, and the results are the following: Body shapes of middle-aged women can be classified into the following four types. A middle-age women with an 'A silhouette' has a normal height, but fat nether limbs. A 'Y silhouette' is short with a fat upper body. The 'O silhouette' is short with fat nether limbs and upper body, and 'H silhouette' is tall and thin. Body shape I has displayed satisfaction with her own body shape, and body shape II showed the most dissatisfaction compared to other body shapes. Body shape III showed satisfaction on all items except face size and breast size, whereas body shape IV was dissatisfied with her face size, neck length, shape of her breast, waist, and buttocks. The result of this study is expected to contribute in accomplishing clothing production that will satisfy the desire of the consumers in the clothing business, while being utilized as the basic data for clothing design that fits their body shape by grasping the changing patterns of their body shape.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.608-619
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• 2017

In this research, we analyze jackets from the Paris Haute Couture Collection from 2000 S/S~2015 F/W to investigate how shape, tailoring component, and design of jackets have changed. Our analysis of 2,493 jackets from the collection shows that the hour-glass silhouette was the most popular among silhouettes and that standard-length was the most popular jacket length. Such jacket shape expresses the natural beauty of human body. Regarding Tailoring Components, our analysis shows that tight sleeve and natural shoulder line, which is neither too wide, padded, nor low, were prevalent. The analysis also shows that tailored collar and button closure were the most common. Tight sleeve and natural shoulder line, which fit the body outline, allow the silhouette to show natural curves of the human body. As for jacket design, popular colors differed by season, but single-colored jackets prevailed, and woven was the most used material. Since 2000, the most favored form of jacket in women's fashion was a standard-length jacket with an hour-glass silhouette, tight sleeve, natural shoulder line, and tailored collar. This suggests that jackets emphasizing natural curves of the body were favored. Overall, silhouette, length, sleeve, and shoulder line remained consistent while collar and closure varied. This indicates that collar and closure method play a significant role in changes in fashion. Seasonally, elements of shape, tailoring component, and design coexist, but once the shape is determined, the tailoring component and design change in relation to each other.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.124-131
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• 2013

Extraction and representation of postures and/or gestures from human activities in videos have been a focus of research in this area of action recognition. With various applications cropping up from different fields, this paper seeks to improve the performance of these action recognition machines by proposing a shape-based silhouette-edge descriptor for the human body. Information entropy, a method to measure the randomness of a sequence of symbols, is used to aid the selection of vital key postures from video frames. Morphological operations are applied to extract and stack edges to uniquely represent different actions shape-wise. To classify an action from a new input video, a Hausdorff distance measure is applied between the gallery representations and the query images formed from the proposed procedure. The method is tested on known public databases for its validation. An effective method of human action annotation and description has been effectively achieved.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.40-55
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• 1997

The purpose of this study are to examine the characters of the lower half body shape in the middle aged women and to make slacks patttern on the base of four difference body shapes as follows. The lower half body shapes were classified into 4 types on the basis of their lateral view silhouette, whose characters were summarized as followings. (1) "Type 1" meant the right body shape with the standard protrusion of abdomen and hips. (2) "Type 2" showed the body shape with prominent hips, which had the flat abdominal silhouette and the greatly curved hips silhouette. (3) "Type 3" was the body shape with the prominent abdomen and the flat hips, in which the frontal view silhouette of the abdomen was greatly curved and the rear view silhouette of hips is less curved. (4) "Type 4" was characterized with prominent abdomen and hips. The slaks patterns were based on the lower half body shape characters and resulted in followings. (1) In the type 1, little difference from conventional patterns was seen in experiment pattern, in which the front waist girth was W/4{\times}0.5cm+0.5cm+fold(2.5cm) and the back waist girth W/4+0.5cm-0.5cm+dart(3.5cm). The front hip girth was defined as H/4+2.0cm+0.5cm and the back hip girth as H/4+2.0cm-0.5cm due to its increased ease amount produced by abdominal fat deposition. (2) In the type 2 experimental pattern, the front and back differences of the waist girth and the hip girth were defined as 1.0cm and 2.0cm separately. Accordingly, the front waist girth was W/4+0.5cm+ 1.0cm+fold(2.0cm), the back waist girth W/4+0.5cm-1.0cm+dart(6.5cm), the front hip girth H/4+2.0cm+1.0cm and the back hip girth H/4+2.0cm-1.0cm. (3) In type 3, the front waist girth was set up as W/4+0.5cm+0.5cm+fold (4.5cm) for the increased front fold amount and the back waist girth was W/4+0.5cm+0.5cm+dart(3.0cm). The front hip girth was made as H/4+2.5cm+0.5cm and the back hip girth H/4+2.5cm-0.5cm. (4) In type 4, considered were $\circled1$ the increased fornt fold amount due to the abdonimal protrusion, $\circled2$ the increased back dart amount and the decreased back dart length owing to the hips prominent and $\circled3$ the front and back differences of waist and hip girth for the lateral view silhouette. Therefore the front waist girth was defined as W/4+0.5cm+2.0cm+flod (5.0cm), the back waist girth as W/4+0.5cm-20.cm+dart(4.0cm), the front hip girth as H/4+2.0cm+1.0cm and the back hip girth as H/4+2.0cm-1.0cm. The sensory evaluation of appearance and comfort was appeared more suitable on the experiment pattern than on the conventional pattern.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.140-149
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• 2013

The study aims to suggest new skirt designs through a modernistic application of the silhouette of Hanbok skirts. It also aims to promote the aesthetic beauty and excellence of Hanbok to the world by using Hanbok skirts that best express the beauty of Korea as motifs, and to promote a pride in Korean culture through a reinterpretation of Hanbok skirts. The study was focused on examining Hanbok skirts from the Three Kingdoms era to the Joseon Dynasty, and the skirts in each era were compared to western silhouettes to suggest design centering on the characteristics of each silhouette. As for the theoretical background, shapes were classified according to waist-grip, the width and length of a skirt, wrinkles and ornamental lines, before being compared to skirt silhouettes of western costume. As a result, it was found that Hanbok skirt silhouettes in the Three Kingdoms era were similar to the A-Line silhouette of western costume, the Empire silhouette of unified Silla, the H-Line silhouette of the Goryeo Dynasty, the Bell-Line silhouette of the Joseon Dynasty and the Bustle Style applied to ceremonial costume in the early Joseon Dynasty. The researcher suggested five skirt designs by applying the above-mentioned five silhouettes, confirming the research premise that Hanbok skirt silhouettes are as diversified as those found in western costume. Designs were suggested for each silhouette, and are expected to lead to the development of designs befitting future trends and concepts through detailed research and development on Hanbok skirt silhouettes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.5 s.164
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• pp.729-741
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• 2007

In order to examine the characteristics of brassiere products for the 1924 generation brands on the market and grasp problems, we selected three 'comparative brassieres', each one from among the 1924 underwear brands with the highest recognition and sales profit, and then designed a 'sample brassiere' pattern(75A) with a similar shape to the comparative brassieres. We set up the "New Cup Grading Rule" with a view of reflecting the wearing effect that was varied according to cup sizes, graded the sizes of 75AA and 75B with this method, and made the sample brassieres in three sizes. We conducted the wearing evaluation and body measurements of 9 subjects after analyzing the patterns and characteristics of the sample brassieres and three comparative brassieres. As a result of the wearing evaluation, the sample and comparative brassiere 2, the dimensions and shapes were appropriate for the 1924 generation consumers and expressed an overall natural silhouette, showed satisfactory results in the entire evaluation questions. On the other hand, the comparative brassiere 1 and 3 that tended toward making a big change in the physical characteristics got unsatisfactory evaluations in the dimensions of the cups, clothing pressure, and bust silhouette. As a result of observing the variation in body dimensions by body measurements when nude and when wearing each brassiere and then summing it up with the score of the wearing evaluation, it was proven that too much change in body shape can create a negative image by upsetting the balance of the whole silhouette. Therefore, it is desirable to develop brassiere products with proper dimensions and clothing pressure that can make a physical change that harmonizes the overall bust silhouette and the position and shape of the breasts.