• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.89-99
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• 2019

In the representation of buildings with continuous changes in the curved shape of the surface, countless plans or sections are required, or none of the traditional drawings can explain the geometry of it. In other words, in no case can an ordinary drawing achieve the efficient and clear communication capability which is inherent function of the drawings. As a result, the current architects are introducing their own way of drawing technique which is developed in accordance with a specific curved shape, construction method or company resources, but this is not what can be applied to other cases because it has not been ever shared or agreed in the industry. In this process, the drawing or construction of curved building has been recognized as the exclusive property of a specific expert, or the design and construction without the in-depth understanding of the technology have resulted in the appearance of poor buildings. Therefore, this study aims to present an elements and method that can convey shape information more effectively and clearly in the drawing representation of non-linear buildings and, thus, contributes to lowering the barriers to entry into the field by providing the information to be easily applied to related projects. In order to attain this goal, the drawings of recently completed projects of free form building are analyzed to reveal the method used to effectively express the shape information of the building and to derive new drawing elements that have not been applied to the existing drawings.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.13-24
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• 2019

The history of tall buildings begins in 1853with the development of elevators. After the Industrial Revolution of the 18th century, the development of high-rise buildings will be carried out in earnest as a means to efficiently use the limited land of cities. The development, which began around Chicago, extended over a long period of time to Asia, maximizing the high competition. However, in the 2000s, not only was it high due to the development of construction and digital technology, but it also became competitive in eco-friendly elements and unstructured forms. High-rise building plans that have gained elemental and morphological diversity are completed by the interrelationships of various plans. Among them, it is important that the core plan has a reasonable approach from the initial planning stage as the basis for the vertical copper plan linking vertically-intensive functions. The cores should be designed to be clear and adequately responsive to changes in the shape of the building. This study aims to provide designers with a reasonable understanding of core planning by identifying core characteristics of irregular high-rise. In particular, we want to analyze the shape of the ground layer core and the relationship between the area and components of the ground layer core. The analysis results are as follows, classified according to the type or use of the building. Of the atypical forms composed of double bending, the TAPER-Curve and TWIST forms are the most distributed, and the plane and core shapes of the ground floor are the most commonly used. Based on the analysis of the validity of the ground floor cores by shape of the cores, the most commonly used forms for core shapes in the planning of the atypical high-rise are square, circular and Oval, and the most efficient oval cores and relatively inefficient ones when planned.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.53-60
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• 1999

Nowdays many people using and learning 3D Software. However, like artists drawing by brush, that most of designers misunderstood that 3D Software is cover everything as a tool. This sort of situation, change of 3D Software will come to the front very seriously. It can be result about lack of understanding 3D in general and some kind of illusion about 3D Software. These were changing like training school that was teaching only function for technique. Therefore, to prevent above things, this research paper will be based on a conception, that compare with 3D which called cyber space and the real world. That is explanation of construction about 3D Software generally, that will basis how does people think about the world. It function of 3D Software will take concrete shape gradually, which is after general description and understanding and the users will be quick to understand, no need to difficult of access for beginners. In addition, higher education ay university is no longer training center. Lastly, it will be able to capability as an essentially figure. Nowdays many people using and learning 3D Software. However, like artists drawing by brush, that most of designers misunderstood that 3D Software is cover everything as a tool. This sort of situation, change of 3D Software will come to the front very seriously. It can be result about lack of understanding 3D in general and some kind of illusion about 3D Software. These were changing like training school that was teaching only function for technique. Therefore, to prevent above things, this research paper will be based on a conception, that compare with 3D which called cyber space and the real world. That is explanation of construction about 3D Software generally, that will basis how does people think about the world. If function of 3D Software will take concrete shape gradually, which if after general description and understanding and the users will be quick to understand, no need to difficult of access for beginners. In addition, higher education ay university is no longer training center. Lastly, it will be able to capability as an essentially figure.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 1997

Students' protocols obtained from think-aloud interviews were analyzed in the aspects of the success at first two problem-solving stages (understanding and planning), the time to complete a problem, the time at each problem-solving stage, the number of transition, and the transition rate. These were compared in the aspects of the context of problem, the success in solving problem, students' logical reasoning ability, spatial ability, and learning approach. The results were as follows:1. Students tended to spend more time in everyday contexts than in scientific contexts, especially at the stages of understanding and reviewing. The transition rate during solving a problem in everyday contexts was greater than that in scientific contexts. 2. Unsuccessful students spent more time at the stage of understanding, but successful students spent more time at the stage of planning. 3. Students' logical reasoning ability, as measured with the Group Assessment of Logical Thinking, was significantly correlated with the success in solving problem. Concrete-operational students spent more time in completing a problem, especially understanding the problem. 4. Students' spatial ability, as measured with the Purdue Visualization of Rotations Test and the Find A Shape Puzzle, was significantly correlated with their abilities to understand a problem and to plan for its solution. 5. Students' learning approach, as measured with the Questionnaire on Approaches to Learning and Studying, was not significantly correlated with the success in solving problem. However, the students in deep approach had more transitions and greater transition rates than the students in surface approach.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.243-262
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• 1999

Today, obesity is not recognized as a disease itself but is known to be the indirect cause of much chronic illness. Obesity has an impact on psychological disorders including severe inferiority, damage of body self-image, low self-esteem, personality disorders. The results in an increase of the mortality rate. Therefore, this study attempts to discover and evaluate stressful experience in obese teenagers. For this study, 21 girl students and 19 boy students in Pusan middle or high school located were selected. The data were collected from March to May at 1999. A tape-recorder was used under the permission of the subjects to prevent the loss of spoken information and communication. This study consisted of 563 reponses from girls and 461 responses from boys which were then classified with descriptive expressions and priority classifications. The results generated 72 common elements in girls and 54 common elements in boys. From these elements 24 syntheses of hypothetical definitions and 8 identifications of the structural definitions in both girls and boys were developed. The structural and hypothetical definitions were as follows: The analysis of the data was made through a phenomenological analytic method suggested by Van kamm, which is as follows: 1. Maladjustment to school life; lack of understanding of the teacher, insufficient exercise ability, and a feeling of burden in attending the school obesity program. 2. Conflict in family relationships; lack of understanding from the family, a feeling of alienation. 3. Conflict in friend relationships; lack of understanding among friends, constant comparisons in appearance and body with friends (in girls) and estrangement from friends (in boys). 4. Conflict in acquaintance of the opposite sex; hoping to meet the opposite sex, lack of understanding of boy friends (in girls), feelings of pain, feelings of anxiety (in girls) feelings of burden (in girls) feelings of envy (in boys). 5. Negative body image: shape of body; feelings of pain; feelings of powerlessness; feelings of discomfort, and reception; emotional disorders (in boys), and change of personality (in boys). 6. Health disorder: Physical and psychological discomfort. 7. Feelings of burden in weight control; negative experiences in weight control, interference with family and friends, the difficulty in diet therapy, feelings of burden in exercise (in girls), to be teased by the public through mass media (in boys).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.297-304
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• 2011

The objective of the research which it sees to investigate and teachers elementary school preparation should have had what kind of line concept from astronomical field, to interpret. The research questions of this study were as follows. It tried to observe the result which investigates the line concept of teachers preparation in about conceptual gain and loss degree of the astronomical field which it comes to reveal from the research which it sees. The students where are not the scientific department of pedagogy and the scientific department of pedagogy were visible a relatively high gain and loss degree from the earth shape and phase change of month during one night. Also the part which it thinks rhinologically was many. When it presents the type, with afterwords it is same. First, The endurance rotates in about location change of month during various day, it revolves with the direction where also the month is the same type which does not know a fact, The students do not recognize well in about the shape of month changing everyday the type. The students does not understand the location which the month when it follows at time is accurate well the type was many. Second, when it tries to compare a scientific department of pedagogy 3 grade and a rhinologic department of pedagogy 3 grade, the gain and loss degree of most scientific department of pedagogy 3 grade is appearing highly.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.17-32
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• 2011

This study investigated pre-service teachers' understanding of statistical sampling. The researchers categorized major topics related to sampling into representativeness of samples, sampling variability, and sampling distribution, and selected concepts connected to each topic. Findings on this study are as follows: Even though most of the pre-service teachers considered the random sampling bringing unbiased outcomes as a proper sampling method, only 64% of them recognized that sample is a quasi-proportional, small-scale version of population; Few pre-service teachers understood that more important is the size of sample, not the portion of sample to population, and half of them appreciated that the number of sampling has a powerful effect on drawing of reliable results than the size of sample; Few pre-service teachers understood that sampling distribute is irrelevant to the shape of population and has a symmetrical bell-shape.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.269-282
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to compare consumer satisfaction by analyzing importance on characteristics of clothing, performance, and their inconsistency between Korea and the United States. The data was collected by using a survey based on three sages of pre-tests, and main survey conducted in The U.S and Korea. Data of 520 participants from each country (260 males and 260 females) was used. The results of this study is as follows: First, both consumers in Korea and U.S. showed five factors such as aesthetics/trend, body shape, practical use/wearing, care, and distorted. In performance factor of Korean students was consisted of wearing/care, aesthetics, body shape, distorted, and trend/symbolism while that of American students was consisted of wearing, aesthetics, body shape, trend/image factor, and distorted. Second, regarding importance rate, aesthetics/trend, practical use/wearing, care, and distorted affected satisfaction of Korean students whereas aesthetics/trend factor affected satisfaction of American students. Regarding performance, body shape factor, distorted, trend/symbolic affected satisfaction of Korean students whereas trend/image affected satisfaction of American students. Third, satisfaction of Korean and American students influenced re-purchase intention and positive word-of-mouth, so proved to be the result variable of satisfaction. By understanding the differences between consumers in Korea and U.S., apparel importers and exporters may develop effective business strategies to better fulfill their customers' needs and desires, and therefore, increase their profit.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 1999

Secondary vegetation. the holistically integrated system of nature and human being, is the complicated ecosystem that is composed of natural and man-created factors. Understanding the ecological function of secondary vegetation supplies us many important informations for sustainable landscape management and ecological restoration planning. In this research, we tried to examine the shape effect of vegetation patch on early structure of populations of pine and oaks. Moreover. we also tried to clarify the ecological functions of patch edge by exploring the patch effect on germination using patch index. In addition, we present the landscape structure of man -made vegetation of our study area, and setting experimental design of research. Vegetation landscape of study area is typical human disturbed landscape mainly composed of disturbance patches. Vegetation types of graveyard and managed pine forest were controlled by periodically repeated management. However, current seedlings of pine occurred well at both vegetation types. Presence of both saplings were more controlled in managed pine forest (PDM) and graveyard (G) than those of undergrowth (PD) and forest edge (FE) with canopy trees. The number of pine seedlings increased with patch size and patch perimeter. That of oak seedlings was, however, not significantly different. Larger graveyards provided higher light availability for germination of pine seedlings. We think, however, most seedlings of both species in the large sized graveyards without shade will die more easily than that of small sized ones before rainy summer. Relationships between patch shape and germination of two woody species cannot be exactly explained enough yet in these results. More informations on spatial interaction of the total species with differently sized patches are necessary to solve the concept of patch effect on species colonization.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.126-130
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• 2007

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic problem. The downward trend of an obesity onset age calls for research efforts on how to develop useful nutrition educational programs for children to maintain adequate body weight. Understanding the roles of objective and subjective body status in obesity-related attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors can provide important information. The current study aimed to examine obesity-related attitudes and knowledge and practices of eating behavior guidelines in relation to obesity and body shape satisfaction among children. The gender effect in the relations was also investigated. A self-administered survey was conducted with 260 fifth grade children at 2 public elementary schools in the suburbs of Seoul. Information on demographics, body size, body satisfaction, obesity-related attitudes and knowledge, and eating behaviors was collected. Study findings from one-way analysis of variance tests indicated no differences in mean scores of the attitudes, knowledge, and eating behaviors across the levels of obesity for both gender. The levels of body shape satisfaction was, however, found to be significantly related with the attitudes and eating behaviors in girls, while no such relation was seen in boys. Girls with lower body shape dissatisfaction had significantly more negative attitudes toward obesity which was not translated into practice of healthy eating behaviors. That is, contrary to general expectation, the level of practicing the eating behavior guidelines was significantly lower in those girls. While underlying reasons for this observation is not fully answered, gender-specific, body satisfaction-stratified, and behavior-focused approach in designing obesity prevention programs for elementary school girls is suggested efficient and useful.