• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.142-157
• /
• 2015

This study examines how traditional knowledge functions in the specific techniques to make pottery in terms of the traditional knowledge on the pottery techniques of Onggi potters. It focuses on how traditional pottery manufacturing skills are categorized and what aspects are observed with regard to the techniques. The pottery manufacturing process is divided into the preparation step of raw material, the molding step of pottery, and the final plasticity step. Each step involves unique traditional knowledge. The preparation step mainly comprises the knowledge on different kinds of mud. The knowledge is about the colors and properties of mud, the information on the regional distribution of quality mud, and the techniques to optimize mud for pottery manufacturing. The molding step mainly involves the structure and shape of spinning wheels, the techniques to accumulate mud, ways to use different kinds of tools, the techniques to dry processed pottery. The plasticity step involves the knowledge on kilns and the scheme to build kilns, the skills to stack pottery inside of the kilns, the knowledge on firewood and efficient ways of wood burning, the discrimination of different kinds of fire and the techniques to stoke the kilns. These different kinds of knowledge may be roughly divided into three categories : the preparation of raw material, molding, and plasticity. They are closely connected with one another, which is because it becomes difficult to manufacture quality pottery even with only one incorrect factor. The contents of knowledge involved in the manufacturing process of pottery focused are mainly about raw material, color, shape, distribution aspect, fusion point, durability, physical property, etc, which are all about science. They are rather obtained through the experimental learning process of apprenticeship, not through the official education. It is not easy to categorize the knowledge involved. Most of the knowledge can be understood in the category of ethnoscience. In terms of the UNESCO world heritage of intangible cultural assets, the knowledge is mainly about 'the knowledge on nature and universe'. Unique knowledge and skills are, however, identified in the molding step. They can be referred to 'body techniques', which unify the physical stance of potters, tools they employ, and the conceived pottery. Potters themselves find it difficult to articulate the knowledge. In case stated, it cannot be easily understood without the experience and knowledge on the field. From the preparation of raw material to the complete products, the techniques and traditional knowledge involved in the process of manufacturing pottery are closely connected, employing numerous categories and levels. Such an aspect can be referred to as a 'techniques chain'. Here the techniques mean not only the scientific techniques but also, in addition to the skills, the knowledge of various techniques and levels including habitual, unconscious behaviors of potters.

• World Technopolis Review
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.2-14
• /
• 2018

Nowadays, we are standing in front of the $4^{th}$ Industrial Revolution that is featured by a great range of new and advanced technologies that influences all the domains of economies and industries. The great question that this revolution raises is how it can lead to a future that reflects the peoples' common objectives and values on how these advanced technologies can affect the life and transform the economic, social, cultural, and human environment. It is commonly agreed that to be adapted to these changes and needs and shape a society with competitive economies with highly-skilled individuals, we need to encourage innovation, entrepreneurship, new knowledge generation and exchange and true and effective collaboration and communication. In this complex scene, education seems to have a central and critical role on finding new ways of developing expertise and innovation within the existing knowledge procedures, with more and better cooperation between the key players. This paper argues the concepts, opportunities and challenges that are related to the learning ecosystem towards the needs raised by the $4^{th}$ Industrial Revolution. The education is discussed as catalyst but also as carrier of innovation and innovation practices and the basis of a relevant framework is presented that takes into account all the aspects, domains and key players of educational world and interacting domains. Having introduced the ideas of innovation, collaboration and technology advancement in this environment, this paper also presents a real case of practice, focusing on how more than 5.000 schools around Europe succeeded the last four (4) years to implement innovation activities in a collaborative way and under a unique but also flexible pedagogical innovation framework.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
• /
• v.18 no.3 s.28
• /
• pp.45-58
• /
• 2005

The Purpose of this study is to help children practice environmentally friendliness by promoting Personalized Environment. Therefore, implemented the project 'Environment' that included natural and social environment in the area that had high potential energy for environmental education, it was explored how the project affects the personalized environment of students. The project 'Environment' was implemented, usually focused on field trips. 35 study subjects were selected from 2 classes in D elementary school in D city The study was conducted from march 2004 to November 2004. Research material was collected from participant observation, in-depth interview, products from teaching-learning process, diary, and video record Ethnographic research was used. Study data were analyzed 3 times. 1st analysis was needed to collect data related to students' senses of and interests in environment, and to shape the framework related to the theme. End analysis was used to categorize the main factors such as knowledge understanding, function, value attitude, action, which all affect the personalized environment of students. In 3rd analysis, it was examined what affected the personalized environment of children and the related factors were logically, objectively inferred and analyzed. The results of the study were as follows: First, the project 'Environment' developed children's knowledge and understanding about environment. Second, the children formed proper values and attitudes towards environment. Third, the children came to develop their learning abilities on environment. Fourth, the children came to have environmentally friendliness in everyday lives. Consequently, the project 'Environment' helped children to have Personalized Environment.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2002.07b
• /
• pp.802-805
• /
• 2002

In the three-dimensional domain image expressed with two-dimensional slice images, such as fMRI images and multi-slice CT images, we propose the three-dimensional domain automatic segmentation for the purpose of extracting region. In this paper, we segmented each domain from the fMRI images of the head of people and monkey. We used the neural network "Pulse-Coupled Neural Network" which is one of the models of visual cortex of the brain based on the knowledge from neurophysiology as the technique. By using this technique, we can segment the region without any learning. Then, we reported the result of division of each domain and extraction to the fMRI slice images of human's head using "three-dimensional Pulse-Coupled Neural Network" which is arranged and created the neuron in the shape of a three-dimensional lattice.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.140-151
• /
• 2011

This study is to search the problems of schoolyard teaching material developed by pre-service earth science teachers and the critical factors affecting material making. The 258 schoolyard teaching materials was collected from 54 pre-service earth science teachers (male: 18, female: 36) major in Earth Science Education in Jeonju, Korea. The schoolyard teaching materials was greatly influenced by making process type of it and the prior knowledge of pre-service earth science teachers. As schoolyard preference exploratory type rely on their prior knowledge to develop the schoolyard teaching materials, they made use of the limited concepts like fault in material making. But the concept preference exploratory type made use of concepts not accessible to majority of pre-service earth science teachers because they selected a concept from the earth science textbook first of all. The pre-service earth science teachers having wrong prior knowledge selected inappropriate resources, as well as fell into the error of concept connecting. The pre-service earth science teachers having right prior knowledge partly considered only shape of resources, but had a disregard for formation process of it in material making. Accordingly, we need to reflect richly Geological Field Trip and Solid Earth Science to curriculum for earth science teacher education. And we have to educate pre-service earth science teachers to create holistic concept on the geological subject matter knowledge, field based teaching and learning strategy, material making process.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
• /
• v.33 no.12
• /
• pp.894-906
• /
• 2006

There are many difficulties to develop a mobile contents due to many constraints on mobile environments. It is difficult to make a good mobile contents with only visual reduction of existing contents on wire Internet. Therefore, it is essential to devise the data representation and to develop the authoring tool to meet the needs of the mobile contents market. We suggest the compact mobile contents to learn Chinese characters and developed its authoring tool. The animation which our system produces is realistic as if someone writes letters with pen or brush. Moreover, our authoring tool makes a user generate a Chinese character animation easily and rapidly although she or he has not many knowledge in computer graphics, mobile programming or Chinese characters. The method to generate the stroke animation is following: We take basic character shape information represented with several contours from TTF(TrueType Font) and get the information for the stroke segmentation and stroke ordering from simple user input. And then, we decompose whole character shape into some strokes by using polygonal approximation technique. Next, the stroke animation for each stroke is automatically generated by the scan line algorithm ordered by the stroke direction. Finally, the ordered scan lines are compressed into some integers by reducing coordinate redundancy As a result, the stroke animation of our system is even smaller than GIF animation. Our method can be extended to rendering and animation of Hangul or general 2D shape based on vector graphics. We have the plan to find the method to automate the stroke segmentation and ordering without user input.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
• /
• 2003.09a
• /
• pp.664-667
• /
• 2003

We propose a frizzy traffic controller of Sugeno's fuzzy model so as to model the nonlinear characteristics of controlling the traffic light. It uses a degree of the traffic congestion of the preceding roads as an input so that it can cope with traffic congestion appropriately, which causes the loss of fuel and our discomfort. In order to construct fuzzy traffic controller of Sugeno's fuzzy model we first model the control process of the traffic light by using Mamdani's fuzzy model, which has the uniform membership functions of the same size and shape. Next we make Mamdani's fuzzy model with the non-uniform membership functions so that it can exactly reflect the knowledge of experts and operators. Lastly, we construct the fuzzy traffic controller of Sugeno's fuzzy model by learning from the input/output data, which is retrieved from Mamdani's fuzzy model with the non-uniform membership functions. We compared and analyzed the service level of the traffic light controllers by using the delay time. As a result of comparison, the fuzzy traffic controller of Sugeno's fuzzy model shows the best service level of them.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.580-591
• /
• 2001

This paper proposes a fuzzy-sliding mode control which is designed by a self tuning fuzzy inference method based on a genetic algorithm. Using the method, the number of inference rules and the shape of the membership functions of the proposed fuzzy-sliding mode control are optimized without the aid of an expert in robotics. The fuzzy outputs of the consequent part are updated by the gradient descent method. It is further guaranteed that the selected solution becomes the global optimal solution by optimizing Akaikes information criterion expressing the quality of the inference rules. In order to evaluate the learning performance of the proposed fuzzy-sliding mode control based on a genetic algorithm, a trajectory tracking simulation of the polishing robot is carried out. Simulation results show that the optimal fuzzy inference rules are automatically selected by the genetic algorithm and the trajectory control result is similar to the result of the fuzzy-sliding mode control which is selected through trial error by an expert. Therefore, a designer who does not have expert knowledge of robot systems can design the fuzzy-sliding mode controller using the proposed self tuning fuzzy inference method based on the genetic algorithm.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.440-448
• /
• 2006

Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is an unsupervised learning neural network and it is used for preserving the structural relationships in the data without prior knowledge. SOM has been applied in the study of complex problems such as vector quantization, combinatorial optimization, and pattern recognition. This paper proposes a new usage of SOM as a tool for schema transformation hoping to achieve more efficient genetic process. Every offspring is transformed into an isomorphic neural network with more desirable shape for genetic search. This helps genes with strong epistasis to stay close together in the chromosome. Experimental results showed considerable improvement over previous results.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.1-31
• /
• 1998

This paper summarizes the research results on the structural characteristics of the Korean innovation system. The Korean NIS has functioned well in the foreign technology imitation stage. However, there are many drawbacks to advancing to the stage of technological innovation. Weak infrastructure and linkages among technological institutions are detrimental factors that affect technological innovation. The immobility of professional manpower is a serious bottleneck to knowledge diffusion. Especially, the inactivity of university research prevents universities from being able to play a relevant role in the national innovation system. The drawbacks of the Korean innovation system are mainly associated with the public sector and social culture. Weak linkages among organizations are due to the lack of trust among people and organizations, and absence of demand-oriented management in public institutes. Weaknesses in technological infrastructure, university research and the social and cultural environment are tile result of the lack of government will. However, the private sector was evaluated as being relatively active in innovation. Particularly, Chaebols deployed aggressive strategies to acquire their own technological capabilities. The findings of this study suggest that to strengthen the Korean innovation system, the government continues to be important, as in the past, in order to shape social institutions and a culture that is learning friendly, diffusion friendly and, consequently, innovation friendly.