• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.67-76
• /
• 2012

The main purpose of this study is to understand the existing and the architectural characteristics of the Secondary Stations of Catholic Church in Jeju. The method of this study is to research all the literature and to visit. The time of establishment of the Secondary Stations of Catholic Church in Jeju was mostly 1950's, and that time was the heyday of the Secondary Stations of Catholic Church that was built in Korean. Catholicism was spread throughout Jeju during this time, and in the process, the Secondary Stations of Catholic Church was built. The Secondary Stations of Catholic Church in Jeju are sited mostly in coastal villages, and especially Catholicism was actively spread throughout the west of Jeju and the a large number Secondary Stations of Catholic Church were built in the west of Jeju. The Secondary Stations of Catholic Church were built between the mid-1950's to the mid-1960's. The plan type is kept as plan shaped of straight shape. When made an enlargement of the interior space and altered, framework of the Secondary Stations of Catholic Church was generally maintained. The head of the side window and the front door have the same design characteristics. When the belfry is located, it is attached to an outer wall of the Secondary Stations of Catholic Church, or is located to the left or the right the front of the Secondary Stations of Catholic Church. The design of belfry found expression in various forms. The buttress are not located in the others but in Young-su Gong-So, and it has not the structural functions but the design functions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.65-75
• /
• 2018

This thesis attempts to investigate and analyse the architectural characteristics of catholic churches in Gangwon province built in the 1950s. Catholic churches built at that time in Korea had many similarities basically since they were supported by UN forces after the Korean War and were established by priests connected to the Missionary Society of St. Columban. The results of study are as follows. In location, Except one catholic church, the catholic churches preferred low and gentle hill. In layout axis, catholic churches at Youngseo area preferred the north-south layout axis, whereas those at Youngdong favor the east-west layout axis. In approach, most of catholic churches around the Youngseo and Youngdong areas preferred entering the front entrance with a bell tower, whereas three of them at Youngdong did entering the front entrance with a bell tower around the rear corner. In floor plan, catholic churches at Youngseo preferred symmetry, whereas those at Youngdong preferred asymmetry. And every floor plan of catholic churches is rectangular type with transepts except one semicircular type. In apse shape, catholic churches in the Youngseo area preferred non-extruded types like a straight wall, whereas those in Youngdong have extruded types. Every catholic churches have no crypt under ground except one at Gangreung. Except one at Sokcho, every catholic church in this study has choir space in half story.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.266-273
• /
• 2016

We have numerically modeled thermal evolution of Ulleung Island after an emplacement of magma chamber. The disk-shape magma chamber is assumed to locate at 2.9 km beneath the island and has a diameter and a thickness of 10 km and 300 (or 600) m, respectively. The geothermal gradients evaluated from the numerical modeling coincide well with the range of the geotherms (${\sim}95^{\circ}C/km$) observed from the well logging. Although there are limitations in the application of the numerical results directly to the interpretation of the observed geotherms, we believe that an existence of a hot magma chamber in molten or in solidified state is the most plausible explanation for the observed geotherms.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.409-417
• /
• 2016

The shale gas is emerging as one of the oil and gas resources which can replace the traditional oil and gas resources. As the shale layer where the shale gas is deposited has low permeability, the hydrofracturing method is required to improve the productivity. This study is designed to conduct the laboratory hydrofracturing test on the samples which are modeled after the drilling hole having the general drilling hole and spiral groove. And compare the initial fracturing pressure and fluid contact between them in order to the result of the hydrofracturing depending on the shape of the drilling hole. In addition, the results were compared with the numerical modeling values from 3DEC and they were also compared with the data from the advance researches. It was found from the study that rather than the contact area of the high pressures water, the force concentration depending on the form of guide hole was more effective in the hydrofracturing.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.375-383
• /
• 2016

High-speed trains have been developed widely in many countries in order to transport a large quantity of people and commodities rapidly. When a high speed train enters a tunnel, aerodynamic resistance is generated suddenly. This resistance causes micro pressure wave and discomfort to passengers. Therefore, it is essential to incorporate a pressure relief system in a tunnel and streamlined shape of a train in order to reduce aerodynamic resistance caused by a high-speed train. Additionally, the cross-sectional area of a tunnel should be carefully determined to reduce discomfort of passengers. A pressure relief duct and a vertical shaft are representative measures in a tunnel. This study represents the effect of pressure relief ducts in order to alleviate pressure changes within a time period in a tunnel. One-dimensional network numerical simulations were carried out in order to estimate the effect of pressure relief systems.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.142-155
• /
• 2018

The ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ mine has irregularly developed stratum around the ore body. The purpose of this study is to array irregular stratum thickness systematically for effective roof bolting and to implement a supporting system corresponding to it. The number of 81 cases combined with stratum thicknesses was limited to 9 cases by robust design. For each case, the load height which can act as a roof load was determined by the characteristics of stratum and RMR. The load range due to the load height is calculated assuming block shaped and arch shape. The support load of the roof bolt was considered as the average load of the two methods. Numerical analysis results of the support design showed that the cable bolt was more effective for the roof supporting fully grouted than the anchoring type. As a result of the construction, it was possible to control the roof, but all of the roof was gradually sinking downward due to the deformation of the side wall of the mine tunnel.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.247-257
• /
• 2018

High-speed trains have been developed widely in many countries in order to transport large quantity of people and commodities rapidly. When a high speed train enters a tunnel, aerodynamic resistance is generated suddenly. The resistance caused from air pressure induces micro pressure wave and discomfort to passengers in a train. Therefore, a pressure relief system should be installed in a tunnel to reduce the resistance acting against the running train in a tunnel. Additionally, the shape of a grain should be streamlined in order to reduce aerodynamic resistance caused by a high-speed train. The cross-section of a tunnel also should be carefully designed to reduce discomfort of passengers. This study represents the effect of pressure relief ducts installed between two running tunnels. The pressure relief duct was integrated with a cross-passage in order to save cost and construction time. One-dimensional network numerical simulations were carried out in order to estimate the effect of pressure relief systems.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.20 no.7
• /
• pp.2205-2212
• /
• 1996

In order to move the body of a walking robot translationally, and step over the obstacles, the walking robot must have at least 3 degrees of freedom for each leg. Therefore each leg of the general walking robots can be composed of 3-link system with 3 revolute joints. In this paper, the colsed form of inverse kinimatic solutions is shown for this general 3R linkage. Moreover, in order to have efficient walking volume in rough terrain, the workspace of each log is obtained considering the twist angles and the offsets in D-H parameters. When we design a walking robot, the information of the walking volume is needed for planning desired trajectories of the feet effectively. Appropriate knowledge of the walking volume can also be used to maximize linear or angular velocity of minimize power of stress. However, since it is impossible to obrain the information of walking volume in 3-D space directly from the kinematic equations, the walking volume can be searched through the edge detection algorithm using the triangle tracer with closed from inverse kinematic solutions. In this study, we present the closed form inverse kinematic solutions for 3R linkage model, and the walking volume of 6 legged walking robot which is modeled after the darking bettle, Eleodes obscura sulcipennis, through the method of edge detection for an arbitrary 2 dimensional shape using triangle tracer.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.35 no.7
• /
• pp.735-742
• /
• 2011

A catalytic burner that utilizes the thermal energy from fossil fuels without the emission of nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$) has been developed. For this purpose, the newly developed burner has two features: firstly, it is in the shape of a flat mat so as to maximize its heating surface, and secondly, it adopts premixed combustion so that it can be used in a closed space. In the present study, the burner was used in a radiation-type industrial dryer. This dryer yields thermal energy in the form of thermal radiation in the infrared regime, which has been proved to be effective for drying organic substances under low-moisture conditions. Analysis of the experimental data has proved that the thermal efficiency of the dryer is better correlated to the moisture than to the dry rate

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.10 no.1 s.26
• /
• pp.22-30
• /
• 2005

We implement an interactive 3D audio broadcasting terminal which synthesizes an audio scene according to the request of a user. Audio scene structure is described by the MPEG-4 AudioBIFS specifications. The user updates scene attributes and the terminal synthesizes the corresponding sound images in the 3D space. The terminal supports the MPEG-4 Audio top nodes and some visual nodes. Instead of using sensor nodes and route elements, we predefine node type-specific user interfaces to support BIFS commands for field replacement. We employ sound spatialization, directivity/shape modeling, and reverberation effects for 3D audio rendering and realistic feedback to user inputs. We also introduce a virtual concert program as an application scenario of the interactive broadcasting terminal.