• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.777-788
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• 2006

This paper describes a displacement mapping technique which represents protruded shapes on the surface of an object. Previous approaches for image-based displacement mapping can represent only shapes depressed from the polygon surface. The proposed technique can represent shapes protruded from the underlying surface in real-time. Two auxiliary surfaces which are perpendicular to the underlying surface are added along the boundary of the polygon surface, in order to represent the pixels which overflow over the boundary of the polygon surface. The proposed approach can represent accurate silhouette of protruded shape. It can represent not only smooth displacement of protruded shape, but also abrupt displacement such as perpendicular protrusion by means of adding the supplementary texture information to the steep surface of protruded shape. By per-pixel instructions on the programmable GPU this approach can be executed in real-time. It provides an effective solution for the representation of protruded shape such as high-rise buildings on the ground.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.47-54
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• 2013

Real estate development promotes the efficient management of the land and has immense impact on national economy. So, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive policy by accumulating related information. Real estate development map must have the information about a parcel and adjacent parcel to make it possible to analysis in spatial domain, because error will be manifested in analysis using only real estate attribute information. This can be allocate the attribute of public management information about real estate on cadastral information and spatial information for social infrastructure and buildings. Especially, it must maintain the latest information of changes in the shape and the attributes of the buildings. This study suggested a method for developing a real estate development map based on road name address map and a method to maintain the latest information through the connection with related systems.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.242-248
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• 2017

Recently, Population has been concentrated in cities due to rapid economic growth. As a result, urban buildings are becoming more dense, high-rise, and diversified. The shape of these urban buildings increases the risk of fire, accidents and crime. The narrow living space has the characteristic of the unchanged floor. In case of a fire, the living space of the narrow residence is large in the damage because the smoke diffusion rate is fast. The radio wave transmittance and transmission distance of wireless communication used in fire fighting operations vary depending on the type of building materials and buildings. Therefore, this paper analyzes the building materials and structural characteristics of the narrow residential space for efficient fire fighting operations. We have developed a communication environment solution for a narrow residential space for the optimal fire fighting operation through the measurement of the radio wave transmittance and the transmission distance of the wireless communication.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.17-25
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• 2013

It is important to eliminate thermal bridge for achieving passive and environmental-friendly buildings. Structural members may frequently act as thermal bridges that become a conduit of energy. it is emphasized that thermal bridge breaker (TBB) system is necessary for blocking thermal bridge of the structural members. This TBB system has to maintain a performance to tensile and compressive stress which arises in member section in order to being realized structurally. Thus, it is composed with anchorage devices which obtain continuity with structural members inside building and rebar of cantilever balcony, and compression joint which resist compression stress occurring to TBB. Applying method of TBB's compression joint is designed to have high strength with comparatively small element section which can cover external load. This study carried out finite elements method based on compression experiment. Throughout the FEM analysis, this study provides information on finding optimal shape for compression joint of TBB which can suitably apply to current building balcony of Korea.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.3-7
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• 2005

Recently, vehicle simulators are widely used to evaluate driver s responses and driver assistance systems. It needs much effort to construct the virtual driving environment for a vehicle simulator. In this study, it is described how to make effectively the roads and the driving environment for a vehicle simulator. GIS (Geographic Information System) is used to construct the roads and the environment effectively. Because the GIS is the integrated system of geographical data, it contains useful data to make virtual driving environment. First, boundaries and centerlines of roads are extracted from the GIS. From boundaries, the road width is calculated. Using centerlines, mesh models of roads are constructed. The final graphic model of roads is constructed by mapping road images to those mesh models considering the number of lanes and the kind of surface. Data of buildings from the GIS are extracted. Each shape and height of building is determined considering the kind of building to construct the final graphic model of buildings. Then, the graphic model of roadside trees is constructed to decide their locations. Finally, the driving environment for driving simulator is constructed by converting the three graphic models with the graphic format of Direct-X and by joining the three graphic models.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.744-746
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• 2003

A 3D modeling of urban area can be composed the terrain modeling that can express specific and shape of the terrain and the object modeling such as buildings, trees and facilities which are found in urban areas. Especially in a 3D modeling of building, it is very important to make a unit model by simplifying 3D structure and to take a texture mapping, which can help visualize surface information. In this study, the texture mapping technique, based on library for 3D urban modeling, was used for building modeling. This technique applies the texture map in the form of library which is constructed as building types, and then take mapping to the 3D building frame. For effectively apply, this technique, we classified buildings automatically using LiDAR data and made 3D frame using LiDAR and digital map. To express the realistic building texture, we made the texture library using real building photograph.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.843-857
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• 2015

System identification is regarded as the most basic technique for structural health monitoring to evaluate structural integrity. Although many system identification techniques extracting mode information (e.g., mode frequency and mode shape) have been proposed so far, it is also desired to identify physical parameters (e.g., stiffness and damping). As for high-rise buildings subjected to long-period ground motions, system identification for evaluating only the shear stiffness based on a shear model does not seem to be an appropriate solution to the system identification problem due to the influence of overall bending response. In this paper, a system identification algorithm using a shear-bending model developed in the previous paper is revised to identify both shear and bending stiffnesses. In this algorithm, an ARX (Auto-Regressive eXogenous) model corresponding to the transfer function for interstory accelerations is applied for identifying physical parameters. For the experimental verification of the proposed system identification framework, vibration tests for a 3-story steel mini-structure are conducted. The test structure is specifically designed to measure horizontal accelerations including both shear and bending responses. In order to obtain reliable results, system identification theories for two different inputs are investigated; (a) base input motion by a modal shaker, (b) unknown forced input on the top floor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.223-233
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• 2021

Systematic and continuous monitoring and management of the energy consumption of buildings are important for estimating building energy efficiency, and ultimately aim to cope with climate change and establish effective policies for environment, and energy supply and demand policies. Globally, buildings consume 36% of total energy and account for 39% of carbon dioxide emissions. The purpose of this study is to generate three-dimensional thermo-spatial building models with photogrammetric technique using drone TIR (Thermal Infrared) images to measure the temperature emitted from a building, that is essential for the building energy rating system. The aerial triangulation was performed with both optical and TIR images taken from the sensor mounted on the drone, and the accuracy of the models was analyzed. In addition, the thermo-spatial models of temperature distribution of the buildings in three-dimension were visualized. Although shape of the objects 3D building modeling is relatively inaccurate as the spatial and radiometric resolution of the TIR images are lower than that of optical images, TIR imagery could be used effectively to measure the thermal energy of the buildings based on spatial information. This paper could be meaningful to present extension of photogrammetry to various application. The energy consumption could be quantitatively estimated using the temperature emitted from the individual buildings that eventually would be uses as essential information for building energy efficiency rating system.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.470-473
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• 2005

This paper proposes a reconstruction method for the shape and color information of 3-dimensional buildings. The proposed method is range scanning by laser range finder and image coordinates' color information mapping to laser coordinate by a fixed CCD camera on laser range finder. And we make a 'Far-View' using high-resolution satellite image. The 'Far-View' is created that the height of building using DEM after contours of building extraction. The user select a region of 'Far View' and then, appear detailed 3D-reconstruction of building The outcomes apply to city plan, 3D-environment game and movie background etc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.91-108
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• 2022

In most cases, optical images have been used as training data of DL (Deep Learning) models for object detection, recognition, identification, classification, semantic segmentation, and instance segmentation. However, properties of 3D objects in the real-world could not be fully explored with 2D images. One of the major sources of the 3D geospatial information is DSM (Digital Surface Model). In this matter, characteristic information derived from DSM would be effective to analyze 3D terrain features. Especially, man-made objects such as buildings having geometrically unique shape could be described by geometric elements that are obtained from 3D geospatial data. The background and motivation of this paper were drawn from concept of the intrinsic image that is involved in high-level visual information processing. This paper aims to extract buildings after classifying terrain features by training DL model with DSM-derived information including slope, aspect, and SRI (Shaded Relief Image). The experiments were carried out using DSM and label dataset provided by ISPRS (International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing) for CNN-based SegNet model. In particular, experiments focus on combining multi-source information to improve training performance and synergistic effect of the DL model. The results demonstrate that buildings were effectively classified and extracted by the proposed approach.