• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.197-201
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• 1993

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of hatch and sex on the body weight and shank length of growing pheasant. Least squares means of body weight at the age of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 wks were 17.9, 96.0, 296.4, 563.4, 709.0 and 757.4 g for female, and 18.3, 104.4, 349.1, 728.5, 1001.4 and 1101.6 g for male, respectively. The hatch effect on body weight was significant at the age of 4, 8, 12 and 16 wks (P＜0.05), but the effects on shank length were significant at the age of birth and 8 wks only. There was no significant hatch effect on both the body weight and shank length at the age of 20 wks(P＞0.05). Least squares mean differences between female and male were significant(P＜0.01) over all wks of age except at hatch.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.490-499
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of taste components in the boiled beef brisket soup stock and shank soup stock by varying pretreatment, boiling temperature and time. Free amino acids and nucleotides color and sensory evaluation in each samples were analyzed. The results were obtained as follows : 1. The amount of free amino acids in the brisket soup stock pretreated by soaking and blanching showed a tendency to increase in proportion to boiling time. The amount of glutamic acid in the brisket soup stock was much in order of soaking > blanching > roasting pretreatment. While the amount of glutamic acid in the boiled soup stock samples pretreated by soaking and blanching was much more at low temperature than at high temperature, the glutamic acid contents in the boiled soup stock pretreated by roasting were large at high temperature. The amount of glutamic acid in pretreated by soaked soup stock showed the highest and recorded 8.73 mg% at 6 hour-low temperature-boiling. 2. The amount of free amino acids in the shank soup stock did not show any regular tendency and had few changes in quantity by the methods of pretreatment. Each amount of glutamic acid in the shank soup stock pretreated by soaking and blanching was the highest, when boiled for 3 hours at high temperature. The samples pretreated by roasting showed the highest record 2.49 mg%, when boiled for 6 hours at high temperature, but could not recognize any regular tendency in the case of boiling at low temperature. 3. The amount of nucleotides in the brisket soup stock generally showed increase in proportion to boiling time. The amount of 5'-IMP extracted from the brisket soup stock was much in order of blanching > soaking > roaking pretreatment, but few differences between blanching and soaking soup stock samples. The amount of 5'-IMP extracted from soup stock samples pretreated by soaking and blanching was high at low-boiling and by roasting at high-boiling. Each amount of 5'-IMP extracted from soup stocks pretreated by soaking(BSL) and blanching(BBL) was the highest at 6 hour-low-boiling(37.06 mg%), and 5 hours(38.37 mg%) respectively. The amount of 5'in the soup stock pretreated by roasting(BRH) showed the highest records at 6 hour-high-boiling(10.85 mg%). 4. The amount of 5'-IMP extracted from the shank soup stock preteated by soaking and blanching showed a tendency to decrease after 3 hours boiling irrelative of boiling temperature. The amount of 5'in the shank soup stock was much in order of soaking > blanching > roasting pretreatment and showed high at the boiling of high temperature. In the sample pretreated by roasting it showed the highst records when boiled for 6 hours at high temperature(1.55 mg%). 5. The L Value of the brisket soup stock pretreared by roasting at high temperature(BRH) was the lowest and the b value of it was the highest of all the brisket samples boiled for 6 hours. No differences were found in the Value of L, a, and b in shank soup stock by the methods of pretreatment and boiling temperature. 6. The sensory scores in color and flavor of the brisket soup stock showd that BRH was higher than the other samples, and the preference in taste and overall was the highest in BSH while it was the lowest in BRH. The preference in the all sensory characteristics of SSH was higher than any other shank soup stock, but did not show any significant difference statistically.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.222-226
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• 2000

In disease surveys from 1986 ti 1998, disease incidence of tobacco black shank was gradually increased in burley tobacco from 1996. To study the causes of the disease occurrence, one hundred and fourteen isolates of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae (Ppn) were collected from burley tobacco-growing areas in the southern part of Korea during 1996-1997, and tested in vitro for meatlaxyl sensitivity which was determined by measuring the mycelial growth on corn meal agar (CMA) amended with metalaxyl. Of the tested isolates, 78.1% showed sensitive to metalaxyl, having $\textrm{ED}_{50}$ values less than 1.0 $\mu\textrm{g}/$\textrm{ml}, while 1.7% was resistant weth $\textrm{ED}_{50}$ greater than 100 $\mu\textrm{g}/$\textrm{ml}. Ppn isolates from three provinces, Chungnam, Chonbuk and Chonnam showed similar distributions of metalaxyl sensitivity. Metalaxyl-resistant isolates were not significantly different from metalaxyl-sensitive ones in mycelial growth rate, chlamydospore formation capacity and size of the spore, and pathogenicity on tobacco plant (cv. Burley 21). These results suggest that the metalaxyl-resistant Ppn in burley tobacco may be one of the major factors to cause the higher occurrence of the tobacco black shank in the burley tobacco-growing area.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.94-97
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• 2020

Purpose: Fatigue breakage of cortical screws sometimes occurs after syndesmosis fixation, regardless of the period of screw retention. This study compared the fatigue strength of a novel screw design to conventional cortical screws in the fixed state of syndesmosis. Materials and Methods: Twelve sawbone models were tested mechanically to determine the fatigue strength of three screw designs. The first group was composed of cortical screws, while the second and third groups were newly-designed screws. The second group was composed of screws with a 2.4-mm diameter thread-free portion of the mid-shank while the third group had a 2.0-mm diameter thread-free mid-shank. A 400 N load was applied repetitively to a fibula model and the number of cycles until screw failure was recorded. Four screws from each group were tested, giving a total of 12 fatigue tests. Results: The average cycles until screw failure for groups 1, 2, and 3 were 8,134, 63,186, and 2,581, respectively. The second group showed the highest fatigue strength (p=0.018). The other two screw designs showed similar fatigue strength (p=0.401). Conclusion: New screw designs with a thread-free portion in the mid-shank could reduce the occurrence of fatigue breakage after syndesmosis fixation.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.261-278
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• 1998

The paper represented the lower extremity muscle model as four rigid-body segments: trunk, shank, and foot. We transformed their tibial data into our shank data by rotating their tibial X and Y axes by 5.483 degrees, so the revised coordinate data used to translating the origin of their tibial reference frame to our shank reference frame. According to weight of subject, physiological cross-setional area(PCSA) of each lower extremity muscle was calculated by scaling those data by Brand. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the variations of the recruitment patterns of the lower extremity muscles, and to analyze the changes of the role assigned to each muscle during the seated foot operation. For exertion levels, the transition point of type F motor unit of each muscle is inferred by analyzing the electromyogram at the seated postures. Also, for predetermined seated foot operations exertion levels, the recruitment pattern and the changes of the role assigned are identified in the continuous exertion, by analyzing the electromyogram changes due to the accumulated muscle fatigue. This study can be used to design and to assess the pedals and foot-related equipments design.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.142-147
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• 2014

Finite element analysis along with DOE scheme has been performed to obtain robust design of connecting rod assembly. An analysis was conducted with five loading steps. Fatigue analysis was done using commercial software FEMFAT and fatigue safety factors at the interested regions such as shank area of small end and big end were calculated. 27 design cases using 3 factors with 3 levels are constructed by design of experiment. Each case is simulated to find the most influential factors. Response for this study, maximum Von-Mises stress, has been used to determine main factors of connecting rod assembly. Among the 3 factors, compression load affected the response greatly. However, bolt assembly load and width of shank flat area showed a little influence to the response. Interaction effects among factors considered did not occur. Connecting rod assembly considered in this study showed its sensitivity to the noise factor such as compression load rather than design factor such as width of flat shank area.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.53-60
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• 2007

The hole for the insertion of the pin in the shank is exist at ball joint connection of the space frame. It brings about the brittle fracture caused by stress concentration. Consequently it cannot expect the deformation performance or energy absorption performance from ball joint connection. In this study we developed a new connection details which will increase the plastic deformation performance at ball joint connection and can absorb the error in construction, which expect the plastic deformation performance at the reduced shank without brittle fracture at the screw of bolt and pin. Also it's capacity is verified by the performance in numerical analysis and test. We confirmed bolt's plastic deformantion performance through controled shank and pin's area.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.224-228
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• 2003

Five commercial chemicals, Dimethomorph, Foseyl-Al, Oxadixyl + Mancozeb, Propamocarb hydrochloride, and Metalaxyl, were tested for control of tobacco black shank (Phytophthora nicotianae) and/or delaying buildup of the resistant population to Metalaxyl which has been used for control of the disease in Korean tobacco farms. Propamocarb hydrochloride seemed to have a cross-resistance to the Metalaxyl resistant isolates showing similar response with Metalaxyl in vitro. Meanwhile, Dimethomorph+Mancozeb and Oxadixyl+Mancozeb were selected to be the promising chemicals which are able to be alternative to Metalaxyl for the black shank control in accordance with in vitro and in field trial.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 1992

KB 101 is a bacterial wilt(Pseudomonas solanaceamm E.F. Smith) and black shank (Phytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan Var. nicotianae Waterhouse) resistant cultivar of burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) KB 101 was developed by the Korea Ginseng&Tobacco Research Institute, and released in 1987. KB 101 was developed from a single plant selection in the F2 generation derived from the double cross, [(Burley 21X Burley 37) X (Burley 64X Ky 16)]. Burley 37 and Burley 64 were the source of resistance to bacterial wilt and black shank. Yield trials were conducted in the Fs through F6 generations at the four Exp. Stn. of Korea Ginseng &Tobacco Research Institute as JB 7705-1. On-farm yield trials were conducted in the F7 through F9 generations at the 45 locations of burley tobacco growing area from 1984 to 1986 as KB 101. KB 101 has an erect growth habit similar to that of Burley 21: plant size is larger and has more leaves than those of Burley 21. It is late maturing cultivar that flowers approximately 3 days later than Burley 21. The physical characteristics and chemical composition of KB 101 were similar to those of Burley 21.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.58-67
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• 2003

In this study, the formation mechanism of discontinuities in the laser fusion zone of diamond saw blade was investigated. $CO_2$ laser weldings were conducted along the butt between Fe base sintered tip and carbon steel shank with sets of variable welding parameters. The effect of heat input on irregular humps, outer cavity, inner cavity and bond strengh was evaluated. The optimum heat input to have a proper humps was in the range of 10.4~$17.6kJm_{-1}$. With increasing heat input, both outer and inner cavities were reduced. The outer cavity was caused by insufficient refill of keyhole, while inner cavity was caused by trapping of bubble in molten metal. The bubble came from sintered tip and intensive vaporization at bottom tip of the keyhole. A gas formation and low melting point element vaporization were not occurred during welding. We could not find any relationship between bond strength and amount of discontinuities. Because the fracture were occurred in not only sintered tip but also carbon steel shank due to hardness distributions.