• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.323-337
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• 2006

In this paper, the hysteretic behaviors of channel and C-section cold-formed steel members (CFSMs) under cyclic axial loading were simulated with the finite element method. Geometric and material nonlinearities, Bauschinger effect, strain hardening and strength improvement at corner zones were taken into account. Extensive numerical results indicated that, as the width-to-thickness ratio increases, local buckling occurs prematurely. As a result, the hysteretic behavior of the CFSMs degrades and their energy dissipation capability decreases. Due to the presence of lips, the hysteretic behavior of a C-section steel member is superior to that of its corresponding channel section. The intermediate stiffeners in a C-section steel member postpone the occurrence of local buckling and change its shapes, which can greatly improve its hysteretic behavior and energy dissipation capability. Therefore, the CFSMs with a large width-to-thickness ratio can be improved by adding lips and intermediate stiffeners, and can be used more extensively in residential buildings located in seismic areas.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2004년도 SMICS 2004 International Symposium on Maritime and Communication Sciences
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• pp.38-42
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• 2004

A pilot-scale experiment for the treatment of red tide in the enclosure was done in sea area of Shandong Province, P. R. China on Aug. 25, 2002. With the method of strong dielectric barrier discharge in microgap, $O_2$in air and $H_2O$ in seawater are ionized and dissociated into large numbers of OHㆍradicals, and then dissolved into a part of seawater to form OHㆍsolution of high concentration. With OH' concentration of 0.68mg/L, the kill efficiencies of 29 kinds of red tide organisms such as Chaetoceros lorenzianus and so on reached 99.89%, in which the kill efficiencies of bacterium and vibrio were 100%, and that of Gonyaulax cysts and Prei. Cysts were up to 100%. At the same time, the content of chlorophyll-a was decreased into the lowest limit of test. DO saturation of seawater was greatly increased to 100% because the residual OHㆍradical was decomposed into $H_2O$ and $O_2$after 20 minutes, Therefore the treatment of red tide using OHㆍradicals is a kind of advanced oxidation technology, which realizes zero pollution, zero emission and zero residual in the process of the production of OHㆍradicals and the treatment of red tide.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.139-151
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• 2014

Mudstone is a very common rock that, when in contact with water, can exhibit considerable volume change and breakdown. This behavior of mudstone is frequently encountered in geotechnical engineering and has a considerable influence on infrastructure stability. This is particularly important in the present work, which focuses on mitigating the harmful properties of mudstone. The samples studied are of Permian Age mudstone from Shandong Province, China. Modification tests using organic silicone additive material were carried out. The mechanisms of physical properties modification of mudstone were comparatively studied using corresponding test methods, and the modification mechanism of organic silicone additive material acting on mudstone was analyzed. The following conclusions were drawn. The surface texture and characters of mudstone changed dramatically, surface character turns from hydrophilic to hydrophobic after organic silicone additive material modification. The changes in the surface character indicate a reduction in the water sensitivity of mudstone. After modification, the shape of porosity and fracture of mudstone changed unremarkable, and the total and free expansion ratios decreased obviously, whereas the strength increased markedly.

• Acta Via Serica
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.125-154
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• 2023

Historically, commerce was a significant factor in the proliferation and development of Buddhism, which is especially manifest in the cult of the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara. Iconographic and textual evidence testifies that maritime trade on the Indian Ocean played a fundamental role in the formation of Avalokiteśvara worship. The sea was also a major conduit through which elements of the Avalokiteśvara faith were transmitted from India through China to Korea and Japan, the easternmost ends of the Silk Road. These elements include Avalokiteśvara's role as a maritime savior, oceanic symbolism, and the concept of the bodhisattva's worldly abode, Potalaka. Cultic sites dedicated to maritime safety were established at important transport hubs in East Asia. Due to China's strategic location on the Silk Road, as well as its cultural influence, the most important cultic sites were founded in China, first on the Shandong Peninsula, then in the southern Jiangnan region, in present-day Zhejiang Province. Especially notable is the role that Korean seafarers played in this process by assisting monks in search of the Dharma, establishing temples, and transmitting religious beliefs across the ocean. The present study focuses on the role that maritime figures played in the cultural exchanges between Korea, China, and Japan examined through Avalokiteśvara faith. By this, it aims to demonstrate how Korean seafarers inherited and continued the traditional relationship between commerce and Buddhism, while extending the Maritime Silk Road to the "East Asian Mediterranean."

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.61-91
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• 2005

It is well recognized that the availability of prompt, effective and economical means of dispute resolution is an important element in the orderly growth and encouragement of international trade and investment. Increasingly, ADR(Alternative Dispute Resolution) including arbitration and mediation, instead of litigation in national courts, has become the preferred means of resolving private international commercial disputes. Under the situation, efforts for settlement of trade and investment disputes by ADR have been made between Korea and China through trade and investment agreements and arbitration agreement. Judging from the importance of economic exchange between Korea and Qingdao including Shandong Province, The Korean Commercial Arbitration Board(KCAB) and The Qingdao Arbitration Commission(QAC) should strengthen mutual cooperation to develop efficient methods of resolving commercial disputes arising between the two countries and to assist parties in solving those disputes through conclusion of arbitral agreement. Recently, efforts for conclusion of a Korea-China-Japan Free Trade Agreement(FTA) received strong support at Korea-Japan and Korea-China Summit Meeting held on June and July, 2003 respectively. If the conclusion of FTA among the three countries would be realized, it would promote regional trade and investment, contributing to economic growth in the Northeast Asian region. Under the circumstances, the key arbitral institutions including KCAB and QAC should consider to take the initiative in setting up tentatively called ${\ulcorner}$Joint Arbitration Center for Northeast Asia${\lrcorner}$ for which the CAMCA of NAFTA will be the good example.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2009

월파형 파력발전장치는 월류된 파랑으로 인하여 발생한 수두차를 이용하여 터빈을 구동하는 일종의 파랑에너지 변환장치로써 파랑에너지를 전기 에너지로 변환하는 장치이다. 본 연구는 상용 CFD코드 인 Fluent를 사용하여 수치 조파수조를 구현하여 월파형 파력발전장치의 해석에 도입을 하여 입사파 조건과 형상에 대한 계산을 수행하였다. 최적의 월류성능을 나타내는 구조물 사면형상을 도출하기 위하여 직선형과 포물선형을 채택하여 비교분석을 수행한 결과 포물선형 사면경사를 갖는 구조물이 더 우수한 월류성능을 보인다는 것을 확인 하였다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.329-347
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 급변하는 해운항만 환경의 변화 속에서 군산항의 활성화 방안을 마련함으로써 우리나라 8대 항만으로서 위상을 화보하고 항만개발을 통한 전북도의 지역경제 활성화를 꾀하는데 있다. 연구방법으로는 서베이 방법에 의한 문헌조사 및 O/D조사에 의한 물동량 조사방법이 채택되었다. 본 연구의 결론을 소개하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 항만물류시스템에서 상시 준설체제의 확립과 금강하구둑내 준설, 그리고 해상운송과 복합운송주선업체에 대한 인센티브 도입과 아울러 육상운송업체에 대해서도 인센티브 제도를 확대하여 적용할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 기존 전북권 발생 화물 및 인접 권역화물의 적극적 유치 등을 통한 물동량 증대가 요구된다. 셋째, 신규항로 개발과 연안운송네트워크의 강화가 요구된다. 넷째, 중국 산동성 및 강소성 일부 항만과 국제적 SCM 체제의 구축이 시급하다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2010

진동수주형 파력발전장치에서 공기실 내의 수면 변화와 덕트 내 유량의 왕복유동은 시스템의 작동 성능을 결정짓는 매우 중요한 요소이다. 공기실 내의 수면 변화를 고찰하기 위하여 상용 CFD 코드인 Fluent 6.2를 이용하여 구현한 수치조파수조를 사용하였다. 수치조파수조의 지배방정식은 연속방정식과 Reynolds 평균 N-S 방정식이고 자유수면은 Two-phase VOF 기법을 이용하여 추적하였다. 공기실 내의 수면 변화와 공기실 윗부분에 설치된 덕트 내의 왕복유량을 계산하여 고찰하였고, 계산의 정확도를 검증하기 위하여 실험결과와 비교 분석을 수행하였다. 또한 동일한 입사파 조건에서 공기실 - 덕트 시스템의 노즐 비율이 시스템이 미치는 영향을 고찰하여 분석을 하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.336-342
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• 2009

Avian embryos at high altitude are independent of maternal protection against hypoxia, which is contrary to mammals. It is well known that chronic hypoxic exposure at key points can significantly impact on avian development. Tibetan Chicken, a Chinese indigenous breed, living in Tibetan areas with an altitude of 2.2 to 4.1 thousand meters, has an adaptive mechanism to hypoxia. In the present study, fertilized eggs of Tibetan Chicken were incubated under 13% and 21% oxygen concentration. Two lowland chicken breeds, Shouguang Chicken, an indigenous chicken breed in Shandong Province of China, and Dwarf Recessive White Chicken, an imported breed in Beijing, were used as control groups. The embryo mass and some organs such as brain, heart, liver, stomach and eye weight in the three species were measured at Hamburger-Hamilton stage 39, 41, 43 and 45 under hypoxic and normal conditions. The results showed that in hypoxia Tibetan Chicken significantly differed from the two lowland chicken breeds in embryo mass at Hamburger-Hamilton stage 41, 43 and 45 (p<0.01). In particular, Dwarf Recessive White Chicken and Shouguang Chicken showed retarded growth in hypoxic incubation (p<0.01), whereas Tibetan Chicken showed no significant difference between hypoxic and normal conditions (p>0.05). In addition, heart and the other organs showed different susceptibility to hypoxia at the studied stages. In conclusion, chronic hypoxia induced a change in the embryo development of the three different species and Tibetan Chicken showed adaptation to hypoxia. Of note, the embryo developmental physiology of Tibetan Chicken in response to hypoxia will shed light on the process of physiological acclimation or evolutionary adaptation as well as the study of clinical disease.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2012

진동수주형 파력발전장치는 가장 널리 사용되는 파력에너지 변환장치이다. 시스템의 작동성능은 1차 변환장치인 공기실 성능과 2차 변환장치인 터빈의 성능에 지배적인 영향을 받는다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 터빈의 영향을 시스템에 적용하기 위하여 오리피스 모델을 채택하여 성능을 검증하였고 공기실 성능예측을 위하여 VOF 기반의 수치조파수조가 사용되었다. 터빈의 영향을 고려했을 때, 공기실 내부에서 일어나는 공기와 물의 복잡한 상호작용을 수치적인 방법을 이용하여 예측하였다. 입사파 조건 및 다양한 공기실 형상이 시스템 성능에 미치는 영향에 대하여 고찰하였고, 터빈의 영향을 고려한 공기실 내의 수면, 압력, 유량의 변화를 실험적 및 수치적으로 고찰하여 비교분석을 수행하였다.