• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2013

The use of protein-crosslinking enzyme, transglutaminase, as a biocatalyst in the processing of hair offers a variety of exciting and realistic possibilities which include improving the rigidity of hair fibers. Among the transglutaminases from many different living organisms, the microbial enzyme prepared from Streptomyces mobaraensis, significantly increased the tensile strength of hair by 15.64% compared to a control when it was applied to damaged hair. This indicates that transglutaminase can restore the negative effects of washing hair with shampoo. Also transglutaminase improved the characteristics of hair surface, which could be useful for increase of luster and reduction of friction force of hair surfaces.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.115-122
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• 2011

Ecotoxicological effects of synthetic detergents such as laundry detergent and $Shampoo^{(R)}$ on cocoon productivity, hatchability, number of hatched individuals per cocoon and growth of next generation of Eisenia fetida population were evaluated. Synthetic detergents mixed with earthworm feed increased the cocoon productivity, number of hatched individuals per cocoon and growth of next generation of Eisenia fetida population, but there was no effect on hatchability. From those results, it could be concluded that synthetic detergents that might be present in the sewage sludge would not cause ecotoxicological effect on Eisenia fetida population.

• Korea Journal of Cosmetic Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2019

Caffeine is widely used in cosmetics and hair care products. Although its efficacy in stimulating hair growth has been confirmed in recent studies, its mechanism of action remains unelucidated. The present study aimed to determine the effects of caffeine on hair growth, with a focus on intracellular hair follicle activity. Experiments included in vitro and ex vivo tests, and a clinical study. Caffeine enhanced the cellular activity and potassium channel opening. It also promoted human hair follicle elongation. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the Ki-67 signal was significantly higher in cells treated with caffeine. These efficacies of caffeine were comprehensively demonstrated in clinical results, wherein caffeine-containing shampoo improved hair density after 24 weeks of testing. Collectively, the results of this study demonstrated that caffeine promoted hair growth and inhibited the progression of hair loss by enhancing intracellular activity of hair follicles.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.409-416
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• 2017

The high prevalence of pediculosis capitis, commonly known as head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) infestation, has led to the preparation of a community-based pediculicidal ointment, which is made of common household items and the extract of Tinospora crispa stem. The present study aimed to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and physicochemical characteristics of the T. crispa pediculicidal ointment. The physicochemical properties of the ointment were characterized, and safety was determined using acute dermal irritation test (OECD 404), while the efficacy was assessed using an in vitro pediculicidal assay. Furthermore, the chemical compounds present in T. crispa were identified using liquid-liquid extraction followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometric (UPLC-qTOF/MS) analysis. The community-based ointment formulation was light yellow in color, homogeneous, smooth, with distinct aromatic odor and pH of $6.92{\pm}0.09$. It has spreadability value of $15.04{\pm}0.98g{\cdot}cm/sec$ and has thixotropic behavior. It was also found to be non-irritant, with a primary irritation index value of 0.15. Moreover, it was comparable to the pediculicidal activity of the positive control $Kwell^{(R)}$, a commercially available 1% permethrin shampoo (P>0.05), and was significantly different to the activity of the negative control ointment, a mixture of palm oil and candle wax (P<0.05). These findings suggested that the community-based T. crispa pediculicidal ointment is safe and effective, having acceptable physicochemical characteristics. Its activity can be attributed to the presence of compounds moupinamide and physalin I.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.235-241
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• 2017

This study aimed to help the college students majoring in beauty to have interests and manage the functional areas of scalp and hair by accurately identifying the condition of scalp and hair and realizing the convergence management habit and subjective symptoms for the condition. The study conducted a survey on 160 beauty major college universities in their 20s living in the Jeonnam area by asking the subjects to directly write the answers. The study found that many subjects had combination type of scalps and hair problems of split ends and thin hair, and recognized that their hair was damaged. They answered that frequent dyeing and perm caused the damage and they were using the shampoo for damaged hair to prevent hair damage. Regarding the observable symptoms on scalp and hair, it was identified that self-perception was higher as the interest in scalp was high, which influenced age and sleeping time.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.120-131
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• 2006

Recently, it has been reported that chemical hair coloring can cause allergic reactions, the toxicity issue of chemical hair color was issued. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in the hair coloration technique using non-toxic and bio-compatible hair color gotten from natural resource. In this study, the possibility using fermented Indigo as natural hair coloring agent was investigated. Bleached hair samples were dyed using Indigo, and the effect of dyeing frequency, the physical change after dyeing, color, surface and cross-section characteristics, and tensile property were also studied. In addition, the protection property of cationic detergent finishing on damaged hair samples were also studied. The following conclusions are made; 1. While bleached hair samples with low value showed the negligible effect of repeated dyeing, bleached hair samples with high value showed the good effect of repeated dyeing. 2. Hair sample dyed with Indigo showed a high light-fastness, however, tensile strength and elongation showed very low values (high damage on hair sample). 3. Cationic detergent finishing did not affect on the colorfastness because of decoloration after dyeing, however, it increased the smoothness of hair sample, and therefore, can use as protectant of damaged hair. 4. Hair scale was damaged after dyeing. It seemed that the alkali, potassium carbonate, increased pH of dyeing bath to 11, as a result, the hair was swollen, weaken, and dissolved on the prolonged dyeing time. Dyed hair sample became stiff and fine. 5. The color difference was 4.62 (a high fastness value) in the test of sunlight exposure, shampoo, cationic detergent finishing, and acid perspiration fastness.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.230-241
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to classify frequency of advertisement and types of advertisement by items and to analyze a primary factors were factors were reflected in the costumes by a policy of rule under the Japanese rule. Data was MaIl Shin Bo\`s advertisement connected with costumes from 1910 to 1945 years. The results are as follows : 1. The order of the advertisement\`s frequency was footwear, cosmetics, soap[, headgear, western style clothes, precious metals and so on. 2. The type of the advertisement was a format that transmits informs in all items. Cosmetics, hairdye and shampoo applied positive appeals. 3. In the military government, the advertisement\`s frequency connected with costumes was 37.5% and a shoe store was the first order. A shoes and headgear were high level, because of these were essential imports and were allowded as a proper articles for a western style clothes by a civilized policy. In the political periods of civilization, the advertisement\`s frequency connected with costumes was 54%. This result indicates industrial development of this period. Soap was the first order during 1924∼1933 and cosmetics was the first order during 1934∼1940. High level of the advertisement\`s frequency in these imports were reflected by a cultural policy as a link of an appeasement measure In the political periods of a racial liquidation, the advertisement\`s frequency connected with costumes was 8.5% and the advertisement\`s order by items was cosmetics, a shoe store. The reason was that reflected the phases of the times that was serious by a shortage of goods and an reinforcement of wartime\`s attitudes throughout war.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.242-244
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• 2003

A 3-year-old, male, mongrel dog was presented with pruritus, alopecia to the Veterinary medical Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine of Kyungpook National University. On physical examination, generalized erythema, papules, scales and crusts were observed. The canine scabies infestation was diagnosed by deep skin scraping and Malassezia spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were found on skin cytology. He was treated with selamectin at 6 mg/kg applied to the skin in a single spot every two weeks for one month in order to investigate the effect of selamectin on canine scabies and was treated with amoxicillin trihydrate/clavulanate pattassium, ketoconazole and chlorhexidine shampoo for Malassezia sup. and Staphylococcus spp. simultaneously. When he was rechecked after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the first application of selamectin, scabies werent seen. The dermatological signs including pruritus, papules, scales, and crusts were remarkably resolved at 14 days. The alopecia was almost disappeared and few Malassezia spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were seen after 28 days. The efficacy of selamectin by this protocol is excellent in the dog infestated canine scabies.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.19-27
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• 1984

This study was carried out for the purpose of investigating the degree of importance in nursing activities for the quality of nursing, and was conducted with 72 nurses and 69 patients in Chungnam National University Hospital from January to April, 1984. The results are as follows; 1. The mean importants score in physical care activities of the patients (2.58) is higher than that of the nurses (2.48). There is not significant difference for the mean important score in physical care activities between the patients and nurses (t=0.637, df=139, p＞0.05). 2. The mean important score in psychological aspects of activities of the patients (2.94) is higher than that of the nurses (2.44). There is a significant difference for the mean important score in psychological aspects of activities between the patients and nurses (t=2.338, df= 139, p<0.05). 3. The mean important score in observation, recording and implementing medical care activities of the nurses (2.98) is higher than that of the patients (2.79) There is not significant difference for the mean important score in observation, recording and Implementing medical care activities between the patients and nurses (t=1.329, df=139, p> 0.05) 4. The mean important score in nursing management activities of the nurses (2.63) is higher than that of the patients (2.57). There is not significant difference for the mean important score in nursing management activities between the patients and nurses (t=1.329, df=139, p>0.05). 5. A number of items in nursing activities considered most important by nurses (Mean important score of 3.0 or above) were 12 items. The most importants item was“shift and exchange of information concerning patient”. 6. A number of items in nursing activities considered most important by patients (mean important score of 3.0 or above) were 14 items. The most important item was“Explain about diagnostic test ahead of time”. 7. A number of items in nursing activities considered least important by nurses and patients(Mean important score less than 1.9) were 5 items and 2 items, respectively. The least important item by nurses was“plan some diversion or recreation for patient”, and the least important item by patients was“Give a bed shampoo”.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.285-293
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• 2018

A structure of coacervate affects the adsorption of oil and polymer as a conditioning ingredient. This study aims to elucidate a structural characterization of the coacervate of which is a mixture of alkyl cellulose and guar gum. It is well known that the guar gum supports stiffness to the hair when it is adsorbed on the hair. However, addition of guar gum in the formulation composed of alkyl cellulose tremendously increased flexibility in hair. The stable complex system is induced by an electrostatic force between a head group of anionic surfactant and an quarternary ammonium at the alkyl cellulose, and the affinity of alkyl chain to the oil inside the micelle of surfactant by hydrophobic interactions. Taken together, amount of the coacervate increased oil-delivery upon hair in shampooing and these caused a low bending rigidity and calming on the hair swatch.