• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.157-168
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to explore the rural women's labor by measuring labor value economically. To achieve the purpose, this study applied four methods : replacement cost method individual function, replacement cost method generalist, opportunity cost method and shadow wage method. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Time used for agricultural work and household work by with women were 5.3 hours and 3.8 hours each. 2) According to the methods used, the amounts of valuing rural women's labor were varied and ranged from 23,000 won to 43,000 won per day. This study might help recognize the degree of rural women's labor contribution to the household income of farm households and improve the socio-economic status of rural women through showing the productivity of the rural women's labor.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.85-108
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• 2023

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify the role of digital shadow work(DSW) in the psychological mechanism that controls using and purchasing digital device accessories. More specifically, it is to reveal how the digital device user's perception of DSW is formed and how the formed DSW affects purchase and what results it will bring. Design/methodology/approach Ground theory method(GTM), one of qualitative appoaches, is adopted as research methodology. By interviewing total twenty five users, the data are analyzed by open coding amd axis coding. Two core codes are selected by selective coding and interpreted by DSW theory. Findings We find concern for potential DSW and generation of new DSW. Concern for potential DSW lead to the purchase of accessorie which would be supposed to reduce potential DSW. During purchasing accessories, quest type DSW, which provices flow experience and expertise, could be genterated. This means that there would be dynamics of DSW in the purchase process of digital device accessories.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.421-446
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• 2024

Through Information and Communication Technology (ICT), the growth of music streaming platforms has revolutionized music consumption. "Digital Shadow Work" (DSW) refers to unpaid labor in digital spaces, with some prior research on its aspects. However, a comprehensive understanding is hindered by limitations in existing studies such as a lack of universality and dynamic exploration. To address these gaps and enable a comprehensive investigation into the role of DSW within highly versatile digital applications such as digital streaming platforms, this study employs a grounded theory methodology, a qualitative approach well-suited for exploring the intricacies of DSW among users of Chinese music streaming applications over a two-month period, involving longitudinal interviews with nine participants. The study findings elucidate the dynamic nature of DSW perceptions, which fluctuate across different stages of use and change in intensity over time. This study uncovers mixed attitudes towards DSW tasks, and observes a waning enthusiasm for social features over time, prompting some users to consider switching platforms. This study highlights the importance of thoughtful and user-centric feature development to enhance user satisfaction and the understanding of DSW, providing practical design and enhancement implications for music streaming applications.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.603-623
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• 2023

While prior work has conducted individuals' password security behavior, there is a relatively neglect to examine individuals' affect and feelings of password fatigue in password change context. Therefore, this study explicated individuals' affective response to the feelings of password fatigue by drawing on several theoretical lens. Survey data collected from 267 users were used to test the model using partial least square analysis. This study found that feelings of password fatigue positively affected the negative password fatigue-induced affect, and also both the feelings of password fatigue and the negative password fatigue-induced affect were negatively related to attitude toward changing passwords, which in turn, leads to the intention to change passwords. Furthermore, this study found that shadow work recognition negatively moderated the relationship between attitude and behavioral intention. This study could offer a new theoretical perspective to understand an individual's security behavior and provide empirical evidences for practitioners in charge of IT security in organizations.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.321-330
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• 2009

This study investigated the effects of teaching-learning lesson plan using cognitive acceleration instructional strategies applied to the unit, 'The Light and Shadow' in elementary school. Two classes of the second grade elementary students (N=63) in Chungcheongbukdo districts were assigned to control and treatment groups each, and were taught about 'The Light and Shadow' for 8 class hours. For the treatment group, teaching-learning lesson plan using cognitive acceleration instructional strategies developed by this research was applied. The traditional instruction by textbook and teacher's guides was used for the control group. All students were tested with the test for concept of the shadow and the test for academic achievement about the unit. As the result of the post-test, the scores of the treatment group were higher than those of the control group. However, it was not statistically meaningful difference. The scores of the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group in the delayed-post-test for concept of the shadow. No significant interaction was observed with respect to the students' gender, instruction and pre-level for the concept of the shadow. Data analysis indicated that the scores of the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group in the post-test and delayed- post-test for the concept of the shadow in the area of object permanence. Our research work shows the effectiveness of the teaching-learning lesson using cognitive acceleration instructional strategies for the development for concept of the shadow for elementary school students, and suggests the necessity for this kind of teaching-learning program in the fields.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 1999.08a
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• pp.403-411
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• 1999

The steel plate for shadow mask is used in a Cathode-ray tube of TV monitor and is the strictest product in surface quality because hundreds thousand of holes are perforated in a plane of 25 ${\times}$25 inches. To mass-produce this product, a reversible cold rolling mill for silicon steel was used and the rolling technology and the activity for quality improvement are described in this work. Because the steel plate is a mild steel, which is very sensitive to strip-breakage even in a low tension, we reset the minimum tension values matching to the operating conditions. The roll mark due to the multi-segmented araangement of shape controlling roll was prevented by hardening the intermediate shape controlling roll and by changing the existing working-roll into a HSS (Hig Speed Steel) roll. The scratch caused by the speed difference between a idle roll and a strip was prevented by increasing the roll roughness. With these activities, the steel plate for shadow mask can be stable. The continuous improvement of quality is, however, required for the customer satisfaction both of domestic and overseas market.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 2022

Purpose The purpose of this study is to analize a psychological and behavioral mechanism for using profile picture management in digital service such as social network service. Profile picture management falls under metadata management and is performed only by those who want it. This means that it, is one of the typical makeup-type digital shadow works (DSWs) which have not been studied yet. Design/methodology/approach This study adopts ground theory method(GTM) as research methodology. GTM, which is one of qualitative methodologies, is for developing theories while most survey based methodologies, which are well adopted in much research for information systems, are for validation of theories. By interviewing ten users, the data are collected and analyzed by open coding, axis coding with paradigm model, and selective coding. Findings In result, 39 codes are found and classified into 29 sub classes and 15 classes. These 15 classes are organized by paradigm model which derives core code of profile picture management as 'voluntary management tasks to experience small pleasures with intermittent attention'. Finally, based on the paradigm model and the core code, the story line, which can explain profile picture management, is suggested.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.12B no.4 s.100
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• pp.395-402
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• 2005

Object extraction is needed to track objects in color traffic image sequence. To extract objects, we use background differencing method based on MOG(Mixture of Gaussians). In extracted objects, shadows may be included. Due to shadows, we may not find exact location of objects and sometimes we find adjacent objects are glued together. Many methods have been proposed to remove shadows. Conventional methods usually assume that color and texture information are preserved under the shadow. Thus these methods do not work well if these assumptions do not hold. In this paper, we propose a new robust shadow removal method which works well in those situations. First we extract shadow pixel candidates by analysing color information and compute the ratio of shadow pixel candidates over the total number of Pixels. W the ratio is reasonable, we remove shadow candidate Pixels and if not, we use data in history array containing Previous removal records. We applied the method to real color traffic image sequences and obtained good results.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1-23
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• 2023

Tablet PCs are gaining increasing popularity in today's context, offering convenience in store operations. However, some customers may have complaints. From the perspective of shadow labor, customers may perceive using tablet PCs as additional tasks, implying that tasks have been transferred from service staff to customers themselves. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the causes of customers' perception of shadow labor when using tablet PCs (perceived difficulty of use and perceived compulsion to use) and how these perceptions can influence their intention to reuse tablet PC ordering services. Additionally, the study examines whether customers' perception of shadow labor is influenced by digital literacy and information overload and investigates the positive impact of benefits arising from using tablet PCs on their perception of shadow labor. This research conducted an online survey through the Chinese survey specialist website "Wenjuanxing," targeting customers who use tablet PCs to place orders in restaurants. After collecting a total of 376 valid data points, demographic characteristics, frequency analysis, reliability analysis, validity analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were conducted using SPSS 24.0. The empirical results from the 376 respondents reveal that digital literacy and information overload affect the perception of shadow labor and also influence the intention to reuse tablet PC ordering services. Furthermore, benefits showed significant moderating effects on these relationships.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.2126-2133
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• 2014

We present a scalable object tracking framework, which is capable of removing shadows and tracking the people. The framework consists of background subtraction, fuzzy based shadow removal and boundary tracking algorithm. This work proposes a general-purpose method that combines statistical assumptions with the object-level knowledge of moving objects, apparent objects, and shadows acquired in the processing of the previous frames. Pixels belonging to moving objects and shadows are processed differently in order to supply an object-based selective update. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is able to track the object boundaries under significant shadows with noise and background clutter.