• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1919-1924
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• 2014

Recently, due to the climate change, the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events have been continuously increased in regions of South Korea. As a consequence, safety issues have been raised especially in the hydrologic safety of old dams designed and constructed by the old standards. In general, for improving hydrologic safety of existing dams, two options are considered: 1) raising dam crest; and 2) constructing or expanding an emergency spillway. In this process, the main criteria of alternative selection are overtopping possibility and cost efficiency of each alternative. This approach is easy to implement but it is subject to major limitation for the proper evaluation of alternatives, overlooking downstream flood damages by any controlled flow of water that is intentionally released from dams to eliminate the possibility of overtopping. Therefore, this study suggests a framework for evaluating the dam safety strengthening alternatives in terms of a comprehensive flood control by applying the concept of resilience. The case study shows that the resilience-based evaluation framework which considering downstream flood damages is effective in the selection of dam safety strengthening alternatives.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.20-27
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• 2016

Emergency and evacuation planning is critical to reduce potential loss of life from flooding. In order to develop evacuation plans, emergency managers and decision makers require estimates of probable inundation areas and times of inundation. In this paper, we present an agent-based modeling approach that incorporates in a hydrodynamic model to estimate both of these properties. A case study is conducted modeling the failure of a dam located in Andong, South Korea. We estimate flood travel times for Manning's roughness coefficients and discharge using a coupling of the continuity equation and Manning's equation. Using the output from the hydrodynamic model and the flood travel times, the agent-based model produces flood inundation maps at each time interval. The model estimates that for two-thirds of the Andong region the time of inundation is estimated to be slightly less than three minutes. The results of this study can be used to in the development of emergency and evacuation planning for the region.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.33-44
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• 2002

The water resources information system of a watershed should be set up to understand the water management problems with reflecting basin characteristics for the effective water use. This study is to develop a watershed management system to be operated in water resources and water quality management. In order to promote effective utilization of this system, the various kinds of information data are collected, and this system could be utilized as a valuable tool for maximum uses of them. The information system developed in this study is constructed with GUI(graphic user interface) system using Arc-View and Visual Basic at the circumstances based on the PC. The integrated GIS and Remote Sensing based system is directed to the need for more detailed information on watershed management. The ability to present system clearly provides an indispensable tool for a river basin development and water management plan.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.71-81
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• 2007

One of the most important hydrologic components is evapotranspiration. It is a process by which water is evaporated from moist land surfaces and transpired into atmosphere by plants. There are many methods of estimating evapotranspiration rate and its potential such as the methods of soil-moisture sampling, lysimeter measurements, water balance, energy balance, groundwater fluctuations and evapotranspiration. But it is very difficult to estimate evapotranspiration in terms of regional discrete characteristics of topography and/or vegetation. The evapotranspiration is strongly affected by ground covering vegetation, and the degree of vegetation growth. In order to grasp vegetation condition over a vast study area, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices) calculated from the data obtained from NOAA/AVHRR were utilized. Through multi-regression analysis, we developed a model equation to estimate the evapotranspiration using NDVIs and temperature data.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.35 no.4 s.129
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• pp.411-423
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• 2002

Accurate and real time forecasting of runoff has a high priority in the drainage basins prone to short, high intensity rainfall events causing flash floods. To take into account the resolution of hydrological variables within a drainage basin, use of distributed system models is preferred. The Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM) observations enable detailed information on distribution of land cover and other related factors within a drainage basin and permit the use of distributed system models. This paper describes monitoring technique of rainfall excess by SCS curve number method. The time series maps of rainfall excess were generated for all the storm events to show the spatiotemporal distribution of rainfall excess within study basin. A combination of the time series maps of rainfall excess with a flow routing technique would simulate the flow hydrograph at the drainage basin outlet.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.9-27
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• 2003

In a wafer fabrication factory, the completion time of an order is affected by many factors related to the specifics of the order and the status of the system, so is difficult to predict precisely. The level of influence of each factor on the order completion time may also depend on the production system characteristics, such as the rules for releasing and dispatching. This paper presents a method to identify those factors that significantly impact upon the order completion time under various combinations of scheduling rules. Computer simulations and statistical analyses were used to develop effective due date assignment models for improving the due date related performances. The first step of this research was to select the releasing and dispatching rules from those that were cited so frequently in related wafer fabrication factory researches. Simulation and statistical analyses were combined to identify the critical factors for predicting order completion time under various combinations of scheduling rules. In each combination of scheduling rules, two efficient due date assignment models were established by using the regression method for accurately predicting the order due date. Two due date assignment models, called the significant factor prediction model (SFM) and the key factor prediction model (KFM), are proposed to empirically compare the due date assignment rules widely used in practice. The simulation results indicate that SFM and KFM are superior to the other due date assignment rules. The releasing rule, dispatching rule and due date assignment rule have significant impacts on the due date related performances, with larger improvements coming from due date assignment and dispatching rules than from releasing rules.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.1977-1985
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• 2009

An e-Seal is an active RFID device that was set on the door of a container. e-Seal provides both the state of the seal and the remote control of the device automatically. But it has vulnerabilities like eavesdrop and impersonate because of using RFID system. A secure e-Seal authentication protocol must use PRF for encryption/decryption of reader and e-Seal. The existing PRF uses simple hash function such as MD5 or SHA which is not available for e-Seal. It is required to use strong hash functions. The hash function is a essential technique used for data integrity, message authentication and encryption in the mechanism of information security. Therefore, in this paper, we propose more secure and effective hash function based on polynomial for e-Seal authentication protocol.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.39 no.4 s.165
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• pp.363-372
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• 2006

Many methods have been used to estimate evapotranspiration. However, there is little information about the evapotranspiration from river basins with complicated topographies and variable land use. Remote sensing technique is a probable means to estimate distribution of the evapotranspiration in connection with regional characteristics of vegetation and landuse. The evapotranspiration not only depends on meteorological circumstances but also on the condition of the vegetation. The latter effect can be expressed in terms of NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) obtained by NOAA/AVHRR datasets. In this paper, a simple method to estimate evapotranspiration of the Keum river basin is proposed based on NDVI and temperature data.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.84-94
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• 2009

Moisture Index time series derived from NOAA/AVHRR data have showed to be useful for humid and arid states. The humid/arid states of the Geum river basin are classified by means of the moisture index estimated from the climatic water budget model. Validations showed that the moisture index has excellent ability to detect humid/arid conditions and to measure time of its onset, intensity and duration. In this study, a simple method to classify the moisture index is proposed by statistical distribution condition. Also, the moisture index is compared with the regional actual state to detect drought area.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.757-762
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• 2004

The protective adaptive response to electrophiles and reactive oxygen species is mediated by the induction of phase II detoxifying genes including glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) phosphorylation by protein kinase C (PKC) is a critical event for its nuclear translocation in response to oxidative stress. Previously, we have shown that peroxynitrite plays a role in activation of Nrf2 and Nrf2 binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE) via the pathway of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) and that nitric oxide synthase in hepatocytes is required for GSTA2 induction. In view of the importance of PKC and Pl3-kinase in Nrf2-mediated GST induction, we investigated the role of these kinases in peroxynitrite formation for GSTA2 induction by oxidative stress and determined the relationship between PKC and PI3-kinase. Although PKC activation by phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) did not increase the extents of constitutive and inducible GSTA2 expression, either PKC depletion by PMA or PKC inhibition by staurosporine significantly inhibited GSTA2 induction by tert-butylhydroquinone (t-SHa) a prooxidant chemical. Therefore, the basal PKC activity is req- uisite for GSTA2 induction. 3-Morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), which decomposes and yields peroxynitrite, induced GSTA2, which was not inhibited by PKC depletion, but slightly enhanced by PKC activation, suggesting that PKC promotes peroxynitrite formation for Nrf2-mediated GSTA2 induction. Treatment of cells with S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP), an exogenous NO donor, in combination with t-BHQ may produce peroxynitrite. GSTA2 induction by SNAP ＋ t-BHQ was not decreased by PKC depletion, but rather enhanced by PKC activation, showing that the activity of PKC might be required for peroxynitrite formation. LY294002 a P13-kinase inhibitor blocked GSTA2 induction by t-BHQ, which was reversed by PMA-induced PKC activation. These results provide evidence that PKC may playa role in formation of peroxynitrite that activates Nrf2 for GSTA2 induction and that PKC may serve an activator for GSTA2 induction downstream of PI3-kinase.