• 비교문화연구
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• 제30권
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• pp.53-71
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• 2013

The aim of this study is to compare and analyze the similarities and differences in traditional perspective about women between Algery and Korea. Through this study, we found out following common denominators: sexual discrimination and denigration of women. Under the patriarchal system in Korea and Algery in the past, women were considered to be inferior to men and treated as men's possessions. The noteworthy feature is the perspective of mother. In both countries, the image of woman as a mother is regarded as the source of life and a central axis leading our society. It is very remarkable that we could find a lot of common ground despite that there are a lot of social, cultural and geometrical differences. Therefore, through this study, it is proved that the proverbs tell us the universality among people in the world regardless of culture and region.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.508-517
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• 2001

The purposes of this study are to investigate marital satisfaction according to demographic characteristic, division of household labor, and awareness of gender discrimination, and to explore influences of demographic and other variables on marital satisfaction. Social statistics survey data which collected in 1998 by ministry of statistics were used for secondary analysis of this study. Marital satisfaction was measured by questionnaire which was consisted in 7 items, including satisfaction with general family life, relationship with their own parent and parent-in-law, relationship with brothers and sisters, relationship with their children, and economic living status. These are measured by 5-point Likert scale. Independent variables are age, education, employment status, having their own house or not, No. of children under school age, parents living or not, perception of sexual discrimination, and division of household labor. The findings of this study show that there are significant differences of marital satisfaction by all independents variables, and all independent variables except employment have significant influences on marital satisfaction. People who are younger, received higher education, have their own house, have more children under schoolage and whose parent are living in the world, show higher marital satisfaction. The more husbands participate to household labor, the better marital satisfaction. In case of perception of sexual discrimination, main effect is not significant, but interaction effect with age is significant. Interaction effect between age and education is also significant. 32.52% of the variance in marital satisfaction were accounted for by these variables.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.105-113
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• 1993

누에의 실용품종은 모두 일대교잡종을 이용하고 있어 교잡종제조과정에는 씨고치의 암수감별이 필수적인 작업과정이다. 번데기의 암수감별 수단으로는 번데기의 비중, 번데기 무게, 고치무게 등에 의해 많은 연구가 되어 왔지만 아직 미흡한 점이 많아 본 시험에서는 화상처리장치에 의한 고치모양과 고치무게 등에 의하여 여러가지 조합으로 번데기 암수판별 효과를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 측정된 데이터의 암수간 차의 평균에 있어서는 번데기무게, 견층종, 장경, 단경, 면적, 체적, 전견중, 장폭비율 등은 암이 크지만, 견층비율만은 수가 높게 나타났다. 2. 조사변량 단독에 의한 암수판별효과는 번데기 무게, 전견중, 견층비율, 체적, 면적, 견층중, 단경, 장경 순이었으며, 암수판별정도는 번데기무게가 97%, 전견중 96%로 매우 높게 나타났다. 3. 고치모양에 관계되는 변수만에 의한 암수판별효과는 품종에 따라서는 84%의 암수분리효율을 보였으나 전체평균 78%로 매우 저조하였다. 4. 번데기무게, 견층중, 전견중 및 견충비율에 의한 암수판별효율은 약 99%로 매우 높았으나 누에고치를 절개해야하는 문제가 남아있다. 5. 견종과 고치모양에 의한 시험에서는 전체평균 판별율이 98.7%로 견중에 관계하는 변수에 의한 것 보다는 판별정도가 낮지만, 전견중의 단독변수에 의한 것보다는 2.7%가 향상되었다. 6. 판별함수를 설정하는데에 최소유효샘플링수는 암수 각 15개씩 이상이면 충분한 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.43-56
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore male nurses' experiences of gender discrimination at the workplace using qualitative research methods. Methods: Participants responded to a survey using an online link, and were asked to describe their overall experiences by responding to the question "Please freely describe your experiences of workplace gender discrimination". The qualitative data collected from 118 participants were analyzed using Krippendorff's technique. Data collection was caried out from June 11, 2019, to August 3, 2020. Results: Eleven themes and 24 subthemes were extracted from a total of 277 meaningful statements. Male nurses' experiences of workplace gender discrimination, reasons of gender discrimination, and improvement strategies were presented through the key themes. Conclusion: Male nurses experienced workplace gender discrimination from patients, colleagues, and institutions. Furthermore, strategies to improve gender stereotypes and to emphasize the strengths of male nurses are necessary in order to increase the number of male nurses in the female-dominant nursing field and to reduce job turnover. These strategies will help expand the social role of nurses as professionals and improve the work environment and benefits for all nurses.

• 아동학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.279-297
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• 2005

The purpose of this preliminary study was to test the validity and reliability Sexual Development Assessment Scale for Adolescents. Subjects were 579 middle school and 504 high school students in Seoul and Gyeonggido. Statistical analyses were by factor analyses, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, $x^2$ value and Cramer's V. Construct validity was composed with 10 factors on sexual Development Assessment Scale for middle school students and 12 factors for high school students. Reliability of each subscale was high and the item discrimination, $x^2$ value and Cramer's V were also meaningful.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.191-204
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• 2001

The purposes of this study are to find the general trends of patriarchal characteristics at workplace and to investigate the differences according to related variables. The concept of patriarchal characteristics at workplace is defined in terms of three aspects of work, human relation, and sexual harassment. The data were obtained through 880 employed women living in Chonbuk-Province. The major findings were as follows : 1) As to the aspects of work and human relation, it was found that employed women very highly experienced the inequality such as sexual division of labor, sex-discrimination, sexual segregation, and women degradation. 2) Over the 90% of respondents reported that they had experienced the victimization of sexual harassment at workplace at least once. 3) The work-related variables(the type of occupation, the size of workplace, the length of employed women's continuance service, the ratio of employed women at workplace) in the degree of patriarchal characteristics were more important then demographic variables(age, education, marriage status)

• 사회복지연구
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.399-425
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• 2009

본 연구는 장애인에 의해 지각된 차별을 개념화하고, 이에 근거하여 현행 한국의 장애인 차별금지법의 차별 개념을 평가하며, 주관적으로 지각된 장애차별의 법적 판단 가능성에 대해 논의한다. 포괄적 개념으로, 장애인이 낙인, 장애 억압, 편견, 고정관념 등에 근거하여 어떤 차별이든지 감지한다면, 이는 지각된 차별이다. 현행 한국의 장애인차별금지법에 있는 차별범주는 비교적 좁은 것으로 평가되었다. 특히 간접차별은 사회규범이나 가치관 제도에 대하여 장애인의 권리를 구제하고 시정조치 할 수 있는 개념임에도 사문항으로 남을 수 있는 현실에 처해있다. 사회적 장애에 대한 시선이나 호의적 차별 등은 현재의 장애인차별금지법의 차별범주에 포함되지 않으며, 장애인 가족이 경험하는 차별 또한 법의 그물망 밖에 있다. 지각된 장애 차별의 관점에서 현행 장애인에 대한 차별범주를 장애에 대한 차별로 넓히고, 간접차별의 개념을 폭넓게 적용하여 사회 규범이나 제도, 가치관 등을 연구하고 검토해야 할 것이다. 지각된 차별을 법적으로 판단하기 위해서는 합리적 장애인의 개념을 도입할 필요가 있다. 전 사회적으로 합의된 장애 억압적 이데올로기를 직시하고 사회를 재구조화하기 위한 노력을 계속 해야 할 것이다. 특히 사법관들에 대한 장애인권 교육이 필요하다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.125-144
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• 2023

최근 ChatGPT 등 거대언어모델(Large Language Models)의 활용은 대화형상거래, 모바일금융 서비스 등 다양한 분야에서 사용이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 주로 기존 문서를 학습하여 만들어진 거대언어모델은 문서에 내재된 인간의 다양한 편향까지도 학습할 수 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 거대언어모델에 편향과 차별의 양상에 대한 비교연구는 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 거대언어모델안에 9가지 차별(Age, Disability status, Gender identity, Nationality, Physical appearance, Race ethnicity, Religion, Socio-economic status, Sexual orientation)의 존재유무 또는 그 정도를 점검하고 발전 방안을 제안하는 것이다. 이를 위해 차별 양상을 특정하기 위한 도구인 BBQ (Bias Benchmark for QA)를 활용하여 ChatGPT, GPT-3, Bing Chat 등 세가지 거대언어모델을 대상으로 비교하였다. 평가 결과 거대언어모델에 적지 않은 차별적 답변이 관찰되었으며, 그 양상은 거대언어모델에 따라 차이가 있었다. 특히 성차별, 인종차별, 경제적 불평등 등 전통적인 인공지능 윤리 이슈가 아닌 노인차별, 장애인차별에서 문제점이 노출되어, 인공지능 윤리의 새로운 관점을 찾을 수 있었다. 비교 결과를 기반으로 추후 거대언어모델의 보완 및 발전 방안에 대해 기술하였다.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.54-58
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• 2013

There has been an increase in the number of female doctors worldwide. Women now represent half of all medical students, with almost the same numbers of men and women becoming physicians. There is a pool of talented women in our midst, and it is our responsibility as leaders to find those individuals and groom them for progress. However, residency training and academic education still resemble the historical model when there were few women in medicine. Gender differences in medical specialty choices can cause a maldistribution of doctors by specialty and geographical area, which could cause significant problems at the national health care system level. Major challenges facing female physicians include gender discrimination and sexual harassment, and work/family conflicts. Women are largely under-represented in academic medicine and experience discrimination in the academic environments. Recent issues about related to the "feminization of medicine" raise important questions forabout how academic medicine deals with gender issues. To better accommodate the needs of female doctors and ensure that they will have successful careers, structural and cultural changes to medical educations are needed.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.137-148
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to prevent and review counter-action for the sexual harassment in campus by revealing current state of sexual harassment in campus relatively weak in sexual discrimination with regard to sexual harassment emerged as social problem serious in our nation. The targets of study were students and assistants in three schools located at $Kwangju\cdot{Chonnam}$ area, a questionnaire made by pre-researcher was applied to student vs. assistant with regard to sexual consciousness and recognition, and current state of sexual harassment, with analysis of material processed through statistical analysis using SPSSWIN 10.0 for verification of $$\chi$^2$ for identification of difference vs. family and student vs. assistant. The result of this research with regard to sexual harassment is under following: Firstly, the recognition of concept of sexual harassment was proved to be aware of be more than half a responders above average, lack of recognition showed significant number requiring establishment of concept of sexual harassment, the responders stated that they could do it alone should be treated in the counseling room in school. Secondly, 28.7% of students and assistants answered that they have suffered from sexual harassment now and. before, even a great number of males have experienced such sexual harassment. In case of female assistants, more than half of them suffered from sexual harassment suggesting us significant level of sexual harassment to female assistants. A depth of sexual harassment to assistants should be investigated in a further way by preparing for and establishing concrete preventive actions and researches, mostly suffered by males; In this respect, a preventive training of sexual harassment should be deemed to be provided to males. Thirdly, as a result of investigation of sex education and preventive action against sexual harassment in college, most of elementary, junior, junior high school hardly provide no or inefficient sexual harassment, and they responded that the campus needs its education. As a way to educate campus with sexual harassment efficiently, a special lecture or regular class might be designed for systematic education or sexual harassment through schools counseling room might be effective emphasizing upon role of the room according to opinions of responders. The college is required to install such offices or centers as can exclusively manage and take charge of sex education program operation, legal system of anti-sexual harassment, or personnel arrangement for such activities in school by reflecting such result into school for appropriate and efficient education of or counseling to sex.