• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.1010-1022
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• 2017

Hybrid histidine kinase is part of a two-component system that is required for various stress responses and pathogenesis of pathogenic fungi. The Tco1 gene in human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans encodes a hybrid histidine kinase and is important for pathogenesis. In this study, we identified a Tco1 homolog, UmTco1, in the maize pathogen Ustilago maydis by bioinformatics analysis. To explore the role of UmTco1 in the survival of U. maydis under environmental stresses and its pathogenesis, ${\Delta}umtco1$ mutants were constructed by allelic exchange. The growth of ${\Delta}umtco1$ mutants was significantly impaired when they were cultured under hyperosmotic stress. The ${\Delta}umtco1$ mutants exhibited increased resistance to antifungal agent fludioxonil. In particular, the ${\Delta}umtco1$ mutants were unable to produce cytokinesis or conjugation tubes, and to develop fuzzy filaments, resulting in impaired mating between compatible strains. The expression levels of Prf1, Pra1, and Mfa1, which are involved in the pheromone pathway, were significantly decreased in the ${\Delta}umtco1$ mutants. In inoculation tests to the host plant, the ${\Delta}umtco1$ mutants showed significantly reduced ability in the production of anthocyanin pigments and tumor development on maize leaves. Overall, the combined results indicated that UmTco1 plays important roles in the survival under hyperosmotic stress, and contributes to cytokinesis, sexual development, and virulence of U. maydis by regulating the expression of the genes involved in the pheromone pathway.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.287-296
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• 2019

Avian sex determination system involves the male ZZ and female ZW chromosomes. However, very few studies are reported the expression, functional role and importance of genes on the W chromosome because of its small and highly heterochromatic genomic regions. Recent studies demonstrated that the W chromosome may have critical roles in physiology, sex determination and subsequent sexual differentiation in chickens. Therefore, gene annotation, including describing the expression and function of genes in the chicken W chromosome, is needed. In this study, we have searched the W chromosome of chickens and selected a total of 36 genes to evaluated their specific expression in the testis and ovary at various developmental stages such as embryonic day 6 (E6), hatch and adult. Interestingly, out of 36 genes in chicken W chromosome, we have found seven female-specific expression at E6.5 day, indicating that they are functionally related to female chicken gonadal differentiation. In addition, we have identified the stage specific gene expression from the sex specific genes. Furthermore, we analyzed the relative location of genes in the chicken W chromosome. Collectively, these results will contribute molecular insights into the sexual determination, differentiation and female development based on the W chromosome.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.760-775
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• 2014

In the era of 2.0 web, blog has become the media that men can express themselves with fashion more actively and independently, as paying much attention to their personal appearance and cultivating an upscale lifestyle. They often create their fashion images in the virtual space where enables a free and creative operations of self-expression. The study aims to identify the types of men's ego-images represented on the personal fashion blogs based on the framework of analysis from the previous research (Suh, 2014), to build the base data for analyzing men's fashion style in $21^{st}$21st century that reflects changes in men's sexual images, and to verify the framework as comparing with the previous case study about the women blogs (Suh, 2014). The case studies conducted 5 men's personal blogs such as bryanboy, iamgala, little fashionisto, katelovesme, and stylentonic. The study results almost same types of women's ego-images as following. The imaginary ego-image is classified as narcissism, regression, identification, and virtuality, the social ego-image as symbolism of roles and others'desire, the real ego as primary instinct, practical reality, object a, jouissance and sexual perversion. The personal style of men shown on the fashion blogs appears as a significant factor to analyze male customers in the growing men's beauty and fashion market.

• 한국기록관리학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2020

이 글은 전쟁과여성인권박물관의 아카이브 관리 사례를 소개하는 글이다. 전쟁과여성인권 박물관은 NGO단체가 운영하는 일본군'위안부' 문제를 다루는 소규모 박물관이다. 외형상으로는 박물관으로 등록, 운영하고 있지만, 실제 모기관의 업무기록물과 수집자료를 이관받아 관리하므로 아카이브 관리 기능이 박물관 업무의 큰 비중을 차지하고 있다. 이 글의 본문에서는 박물관에서 아키비스트 역할과 소장 기록물의 특징을 소개한다. 일반적인박물관과 기록물관리기관과의 차이점과 특수성을 소장 기록의 유형을 통해 살펴 보았다. 아울러 아카이브 관리를 위한 박물관으로서의 이점을 설명하며 기록물관리기관이 문화기관으로 나아가기 위한 시스템을 제안한다. 한편 최근 맞이한 조직의 위기상황과 위기대응을 위한 기록관리의 현실적인 문제점과 기록관리에 미친 영향 소개하며 앞으로의 기록관리의 비젼과 계획을 들어 본다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2000

수정에 의한 배 발생은 정자가 난자 내로 침입하여 정자와 난자의 반수체 핵질이 융합되고 이어 유사분열로 이어지는 과정에서 시작된다. 하지만 수정 및 초기 배 발생 동안 자웅 핵질과 난 세포질 구성 요소 상호간의 작용기전에 관해서는 명확히 알려져 있지 않은 부분이 많다. 수정보조기법인 세포질 내 정자 직접 주입법의 개발은 남성불임치료에 혁신적인 기술로 자리잡고 있을 뿐만 아니라 포유동물의 수정과정을 이해하는데 많은 도움을 주고 있다. 핵치환에 의한 복제동물 생산기법도 분화된 핵이 난 세포질 내에서 재 분화 (reprogramming)하여 발생하는 유일한 과정으로 세포질 구성요소들의 상호작용과 발생 조절 기능을 이해하는데 도움을 준다. 최근 몇 년간 돼지 난자 세포질에 정자 및 원형정자 직접주입, 세포질 이식, 세포질 융합 및 핵치환 한 후 난자의 발생과정을 간접 면역형광 분석법과 주사 전자현미경으로 조사하였다. 이러한 연구를 통해 체외수정, 세포질 이식 및 정자직접 주입법 등과 같은 임상치료기술 과 핵치환에 의한 복제동물생산 기법의 개선에 필요한 기초자료를 얻을 수 있었고, 포유동물 난자의 후생적 발생과정 (epigenesis)에 관해 공부할 수 있었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1161-1174
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• 2011

An approach method of the semiotics theory is analyzing fashion: the look is that a sign represents one character and the image is interpreted as the destination of the changes. The fashion image interpretation by semiotics is possible because the fashion phenomenon by society has been accumulated in their abbreviation code. It is not possible to produce contradictions of the human imagination coined solution. The myth relieved to people, allowanced a meaning in the world and explained it have been unable to explain and protect us. Today's role of the world myth becomes the star's future. Public resting star's fashion image analysis promote that we understand the inherent desire. Madonna probably is one of the world's most famous women. To Create Madonna's own mythology staged image in various attire reveals symbolism. In this study, Madonna's fashion images, the myth 8 analysis of semiotics represent publicity. Madonna's album jacket 8 analysis of the myth. The fit and the relationship between the star and myths closely is obvious. The Madonna fashion image investigate that so forth implied myth into duality of feminine, upset of gender roles, upset of sexual roles, object of worship. In addition to the creation of these myths are based on sensuality heterosexual fashion images, body-conscious look, lingerie look, Androgynous Look, Dominatrix Look in the fashion style of the images, fashion items made to body suit, bra top, black panties, black boots, long gloves, pink, red, gold, satin, and leather; the addition, there are exaggerated props and accessories. These use such as the human body building wave blond hair. This study through Madonna's fashion image, semiotics analysis is acquainted with suitable means of myth.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2009

출산과 수유 과정에서의 잘 알려진 기능 때문에, 옥시토신(oxytocin, OT)은 '여성 뇌하수체후엽 호르몬(female nerohypophyseal hormone)'으로 알려져 왔다. 그러나 최신 연구들에 따르면 OT가 중추신경계와 말초조직 수준에서 수컷 생식을 조절하는 국부적인 기능을 가짐이 알려졌다. 일부 실험용 설치류에서, OT는 사회적인 자극들에 반응하여 뇌의 특정 지역으로 분비되는데, 이 뇌 OT와 그 수용체(OTR)를 매개로한 작용들은 수컷의 다양한 행동, 특히 교미 관련 행동의 조절에 깊이 관여한다. 최근에 개발된 OT와 OTR knockout 생쥐 모델들의 사회적, 성적 행도으이 분자 조절 기작들에 대한 중요한 실마리들을 제공하다. OT는 또한 설치류의 정소, 부정소, 전립선에서도 합성되며, 이들 조직에서도 OTR이 발현됨이 보고되어왔다. OT는 말초적으로 testosterone(T)을 dihydrotestosterone(DHT)로 전환시키는 5alpha-reductase의 활성조절을 통해 정소의 스테로이드호르몬 합성과 분비에 관여한다. 안드로겐 전환을 유도하는 OT 작용들이 부정소와 전립선에서도 발견되는데, 이는 OT가 이들 안드로겐 의존적인 생식도관의 기능들, 예를 들어 평활근 수축 유도와 같은 기능을 조절함을 시사한다. 이러한 맥락에서, 수컷의 뇌와 생싯기간 중추신경계와 생식기관에서의 OT의 기능들에 대한 향후 연구들은 복잡한 사회적, 성적 행동에 대한 이해 증진과 심리적 혹은 남성과학적 이상에 대한 치료법 개발에 대한 기반을 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.23-46
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• 2017

본 연구는 종로구에 위치한 커피빈이 어떻게 '게이빈'으로 불리며 게이들의 모임 장소라는 성적인 이미지가 생겼는지를 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 Michel de Certeau의 모델을 이용하여 이성애 중심공간(heteronormative space)에서의 게잉(게이 행위-행동-수행)의 활발한 역동성을 연구했다. 인터뷰를 통해 수집한 데이터를 활용하여 특정한 공간을 두고 경쟁하는 게이와 이성애자들 사이의 협상전술(negotiation)과 대응기제(coping mechanisms)를 분석했다. 이를 통해 특정한 공간에서 성적 정체성이 상이한 주체들 사이에 공간을 차지하기 위한 비폭력적 경쟁이 지속되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이는 게이들이 이성애 중심 공간을 어떻게 조화롭게 '게이화'할 수 있는지를 보여주고 있다. 게이빈이 자연스럽게 '게이화'될 수 있었던 배경에는 성찰적 코스모폴리타니즘으로 인해 공간적 위치와 전술이 성적 공간의 평화적인 상호 양보(compromise)를 이끌어 냈다는 것이 중요하다. 특히, 게이빈은 비정상행위(deviant behavior)에 관대한 역사를 가진 두 공간인 인사동과 탑골공원 사이에 위치하여, 다양성과 '타자'에 대한 수용이라는 코스모폴리탄의 이상의 혜택을 누려왔다. 즉 외국인을 환영하는 공간(인사동)과 비정상적 행위에 관대한 공간(탑골공원) 사이에서 게이의 수행성은 존재할 수 있었던 것이다. 그러나, 이성애 중심 공간에서 게잉이 조화롭게 유지된 것은 외부 공간의 관대한 역사에 기인한 것뿐만 아니라 내부에서의 정체성 조절 전술 덕분이 기도 했다. 이성애 중심 공간에서의 질서 유지(policing)는 게이 커뮤니티를 기반으로 게이들에 의해 자체적으로 이루어졌다.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.15-15
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• 2014

Fusarium graminearum (teleomorph Gibberella zeae) is an important plant pathogen that causes head blight of major cereal crops such as wheat, barley, and rice, as well as causing ear and stalk rot on maize worldwide. Plant diseases caused by this fungus lead to severe yield losses and accumulation of harmful mycotoxins in infected cereals [1]. Fungi utilize spore production as a mean to rapidly avoid unfavorable environmental conditions and to amplify their population. Spores are produced sexually and asexually and their production is precisely controlled. Upstream developmental activators consist of fluffy genes have been known to orchestrate early induction of condiogenesis in a model filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying conidiogenesis in F. graminearum, we characterized functions of the F. graminearum fluffy gene homologs [2]. We found that FlbD is conserved regulatory function for conidiogenesis in both A. nidulans and F. graminearum among five fluffy gene homologs. flbD deletion abolished conidia and perithecia production, suggesting that FlbD have global roles in hyphal differentiation processes in F. graminearum. We further identified and functionally characterized the ortholog of AbaA, which is involved in differentiation from vegetative hyphae to conidia and known to be absent in F. graminearum [3]. Deletion of abaA did not affect vegetative growth, sexual development, or virulence, but conidium production was completely abolished and thin hyphae grew from abnormally shaped phialides in abaA deletion mutants. Overexpression of abaA resulted in pleiotropic defects such as impaired sexual and asexual development, retarded conidium germination, and reduced trichothecene production. AbaA localized to the nuclei of phialides and terminal cells of mature conidia. Successful interspecies complementation using A. nidulans AbaA and the conserved AbaA-WetA pathway demonstrated that the molecular mechanisms responsible for AbaA activity are conserved in F. graminearum as they are in A. nidulans. F. graminearum ortholog of Aspergillus nidulans wetA has been shown to be involved in conidiogenesis and conidium maturation [4]. Deletion of F. graminearum wetA did not alter mycelial growth, sexual development, or virulence, but the wetA deletion mutants produced longer conidia with fewer septa, and the conidia were sensitive to acute stresses, such as oxidative stress and heat stress. Furthermore, the survival rate of aged conidia from the F. graminearum wetA deletion mutants was reduced. The wetA deletion resulted in vigorous generation of single-celled conidia through autophagy-dependent microcycle conidiation, indicating that WetA functions to maintain conidia dormancy by suppressing microcycle conidiation in F. graminearum. In A. nidulans, FlbB physically interacts with FlbD and FlbE, and the resulting FlbB/FlbE and FlbB/FlbD complexes induce the expression of flbD and brlA, respectively. BrlA is an activator of the AbaA-WetA pathway. AbaA and WetA are required for phialide formation and conidia maturation, respectively [5]. In F. graminearum, the AbaA-WetA pathway is similar to that of A. nidulans, except a brlA ortholog does not exist. Amongst the fluffy genes, only fgflbD has a conserved role for regulation of the AbaA-WetA pathway.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.473-488
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• 2012

This study examines the origin of dolls as well as how the role and types of various dolls have changed in a comparison of the functions of dolls before and after $20^{th}$ century. In addition, this study analyzes symbolic characteristics appearing in doll costumes. First, doll costumes (used in child play) represent sexual roles and various role models that are taught to children. Second, they reflect the fashion trends of that time and appear in the most beautiful forms that pursue the ideals of the time where doll costumes symbolize the latest fashion of the time. Third, the culture of doll costumes symbolizes cultural identity that show native customs, art, culture, and ethnic characteristics. Lastly, a mania society for dolls and collector groups are formed that share individual sensitivity. Members of those groups have feelings of solidarity and homogeneity through doll costumes that they have decorated and expressed themselves that show the reinforcement of a group by doll costumes.