• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.267-276
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• 2001

특발성 발작성 심방세동 환자에서 P파 간격 분산은 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가해 있었으며, 동율동으로 전환 후 약물로 예방 치료를 받은 경우 12개월 후 추적 검사했을 때 최대 P파 간격과 P파 간격분산이 통계적으로 의미있게 감소한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 아마도 발작성 특발성 심방세동 환자에서 정상인보다 심방내의 전기적 불안정성과 불균질성의 증가에 기인한다고 보여지며, 약물 치료를 했을 때 이러한 전기적 불안정성이 감소한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 P파 간격분산은 향후 발작성 심방세동 환자의 선별 검사로서, 또한 치료 후 재발을 예측할 수 았는 예후 인자로서 유용하게 사용될 수 있으리라는 예측을 해보며, 이를 규명하기 위해 추후 더 많은 표본들에 대한 전향적인 시도가 이루어져야 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1977년도 제11차 학술대회연제 순서 및 초록
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• pp.9.1-10
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• 1977

문명의 발달로 나날히 복잡해지는 사회 환경속에서 우리는 생명을 위협하는 수 많은 사고를 당하게 되며, 이럭 경우에 상기도를 유지하기 위한 기관절재술을 많이 시행하게 되는데, 때로는 기관협착등 이에 따른 여러가지 합병증을 유발하게 되는 경우가 있으며, 임상가들에게도 곤란한 문제를 갖어다 주고있다. 그러나 이러한 합병증은 수술방법의 개선과 항생제의 출현등으로 그 빈도가 많이 감소되기는 하였으나, 1969년 Lindholm은 술후성 기관협착증의 빈도를 1.5%내지 10%라고 했으며, 1969년 Donnelly, Mulder와 Rubush, 그리고 1971년 Andrew와 Pearson 등은 이들 원인의 대부분이 cuff 가 있는 기관삽입관이나, 기관케뉼(tracheal canula)의 부적합한 사용이나, 또는 감염에 의한 압박괴사(pressure necrosis)로 형성된다고 하였고, 협착부위로서 1972년 Bryce는 절개공(stoma)주위가 가장 많으며, 응급기관절개술시에 의사의 부정요법(mal-practice)도 원인이 될 수 있다고도 주의한 바 있다. 기관협착증의 치료로서 협착이 경미한 경우에는 일차적으로 세심한 관찰을 실시하면서 실리콘관(silicon tube)이나 스텐트(stent)를 사용하거나, 비강을 통한 삽관법(naso tracheal intubation)으로 기계적인 확장을 시도하며 (Schmiegelow, 1929, Montgomery, 1965), 육아조직이 형성되었을 경우에는 기관경검사하에서 이를 제거한 후에 steroid를 병용하는 편이 좋은데(Birck, 1970) 그밖에도 기관개찰술(Fenestration method, 백·홍 1974)이나 재수술(Revision)을 하기도 한다. 이러한 방법으로서도 치료가 불가능한 경우에는 그 협착 부분을 절제한 후에 단단문합술(End-to-End Anasto-mosis)을 시행하는 수도 있다. 저자들은 1967년 10월부터 1977년 3월까지 10연년간 세브란스병원에서 기관절개술을 받았던 1514례를 대상으로 일련의 조사를 실시하여 이들 중에서 기관협착증을 유발한 23례를 치료하였으며, 여기서 몇가지 지견을 얻었기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 1998

Various difficulties and inconveniences arise from having a mentally handicapped child in a family and these place many demands on mothers. There are few studies in Korea on these demands nor on what mothers go through with their mentally handicapped daughters' menarche and puberty. The purpose of the study was to examine the experiences of mothers of mentally handicapped daughters, as it relates to their daughters' menarche and the beginning of puberty. With indepth interviews, both in person and by telephone and participant observation the study used a qualitative research methodology to attempt to understand the experiences of these mothers. The data were gathered from October 1995 to April 1996. The subjects for the research included nine mothers of mentally handicapped daughters whose ages ranged from 12 to 18 and who attended one of three special schools located in either Inchon or Seoul. The data were recorded and analyzed : meaningful statements were grouped according to subjects raised by the mothers. Content Analysis was also applied to identify similar content and confirm common experiences. and to highlight concepts and categorized them. The results of this study are as follows. Five categories were identified : mothers' emotional responses to their mentally handicapped daughters' menarche and menstration were of severe despair accompanied by anxiety, guilt, fear, anguish, shame and pity because the mothers were afraid their daughters would not be able to use appropriate hygienic measures during menstration and the mothers felt heavily burdened in having to look them. The mothers also had negative feelings about their daughters' physical development. The experience of mothers related to their daughters' possibilities for marriage and pregnancy were of powerlessness, distress, withdrawal, fear. pity and desperation and they were afraid that their daughters might be violated sexually. The mothers rejected the possibility of marriage and pregnancy for their daughters and instead planned very restricting futures for them. The mothers used various coping methods to bring meaning to their lives. Because the negative emotional responses of the mothers. nurses need to work to empower mothers to overcome these negative responses. Sex education can also play an important role especially for the daughters especially through the use of visual aids. Further, nurses should understand the tearing difficulties of mentally handicapped daughters, what mothers need and also what they experience with their mentally handicapped daughters. In conclusion, nurses should understand the negative experiences of the mothers in relation to their mentally handicapped daughters' menarche, help the mothers cope with the negative. emotions through real life education and counselling. In addition, there is a need for nursing interventions and an administrative system which will minimize the prejudices of society towards handicapped people.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.303-325
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• 2004

본 연구는 사법부의 보호처분을 받은 전국의 217명 가정폭력 가해남성들을 대상으로 행위자의 유형을 구분하고 각 유형별 특성을 살펴보았다. 유형화 과정에서 본 연구는 특히 Holtzworth-Munroe와 Stuart가 제안한 세 하위유형이 타당한지 확인하였다. 군집분석을 사용해서 밝혀진 결과에 따르면, Holtzworth-Munroe와 Stuart의 세 유형분류는 타당성이 있으며 그에 따라 한국 행위자들에 대한 적용 가능성도 어느 정도 확인되었다. 첫 번째 유형은 신체 및 심리적 폭력 수준이 가장 낮고, 아동기 학대경험이 적으며, 알코올에 덜 의존하는 생활패턴을 보인다. 성격기질 측면에서도 특징이 없는 편이며, 모든 MCMI 변인들에서 가장 낮은 점수를 기록하고 있다. 유형1은 아내에게만 폭력을 행사하며, 비교적 양호한 성평등적 태도를 갖고 있고 부부관계 만족도가 높다. 두 번째 유형은 중간 수준의 폭력성을 보이며 이러한 폭력은 아내에게만 행해지고 있었다. 유형2는 가장 높은 수준의 의존성, 경계선성, 회피성, 수동공격성을 기록하고 있다. 알코올 의존도는 유형1과 비슷하나 질투심, 자존감, 태도 변인들은 유형3과 근사한 수치를 보인다. 이들은 특히 주장기술이 부족하고, 부부관계에서의 불만족을 표출하고 있었다. 세 번째 유형은 신체적, 심리적 폭력의 정도가 가장 높고 아내에 대해서뿐만 아니라 일반적인 상황에서도 폭력을 행사한다. 이들은 가장 높은 반사회성과 공격성을 나타내고 있다. 아동기 학대경험이 가장 많고, 알코올 남용이 심하며, 통제력이 낮다. 또한 여성의 성역할에 대해 보수적이면서 폭력 사용에 대한 허용도가 매우 높았다. 이러한 결과들을 기초로 행위자 유형별로 상담 효과를 높이기 위한 개입방안들이 제시되었다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.329-343
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• 2000

This study was conducted to measure the degree of Korean Gender Egalitarianism among the students from six different high schools(132 girls, 127 boys) in Sunchon si, Chunnam province from Dec. 7th to Dec. 15th in 1999. The survey on gender egalitarianism was done in relation to the public understanding of the subject matter, parents' hug times, and parent's communication skills. Korean gender egalitari- anism scale was standardized by Korea Woman Developmental Institutes in 1999. The data was analyzed by SAS program. Results were as follows: 1) Generally, girls are more conscious of gender egalitariannism than boys(t=-13.79, p<.001). Above all, the younger the students are, the more they feel equal(F=8.01, p<.01). In sibling cases, two sisters have the highest level of gender egalitarianism while two brothers have the lowest level of gender egalitarianism(F=9.20, p<.001). Students who come from religious families are more inclined to demonstrate gender equality(t= 2.42, p<.05). However, there is no difference in relation to the parents' ages or academic background or harmony within the family. 2) There is no difference that girls and boys generally communicate with their parents. In ages, 17 years old students communicate more than 18, 19 with parents(father F=3.97 p<.05ㆍmother F=5.31, p<.01). That is, the younger students can communicate with their mothers more often than the older ones. In sibling cases, two sisters have more openly communication to parents while two brothers have(F=2.84, p<.05). Students communicate with their parents regardless of parents' academic background. But those from the family in harmony have more open chance to communicate than those who are not in hamony(father F=21.66, p<.001ㆍmother F=13.37, p<.001). They can comm -unicate with their parents better when their fathers hug them than when they didn't get hugs(father t=-4.76, p<.001ㆍ mother t= -2.34, p<.05). They can also communicate with their patents better when their mothers hug them once or more than when they didn't get hugs(father t=-3.78, p<.001ㆍmother t=-5.64, p<.001). 3) There is no difference whether the father hugs or not, but the mother's hug is very important because students whose mothers hug them once or more have significantly more gender egalitarianism than those students whose mothers didn't do(t=-3.98, p<.001). Based upon these results, it is recommended that we reconsider the role of gender in the socialization of high school students and also include gender egalitarianism in sex education. In this context, further study should be done for the improvement of students' communication within the framework of egalitarianism based upon parents' hugs(semi-language). Continued study is especially important in regards to the mother's hug and its enhancement of the students' gender egalitarianism.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.109-116
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• 1976

Reorganization of myun health care service is one of the main issues in health care delivery in rural Korea. The fundamenta, concept of the role and function of the myun health subcenter is that it is the basic unit of rural health care service and is to provide comprehensive health care service through the integration of curative and preventive services. The aim of this study is to analyze the patterns of curative activities in the myun health subcenter in terms of the most prevalent types of diseases, necessary diagnostic methods and required equipment, types of treatment, necessary drugs and materials, and finally the cost of curative services. The population on which this study was done was the 1596 patients who visited the two myun health subcenters (Sunwon Myun and Naega Myun) in Kang Wha County, the area of the Yonsei University Community Health Teaching Project, during period from May 1, 1975 to June 10, 1976. For the patient's record in the clinic, problem oriented medical records were used. Decisions regarding the disease classification, the diagnostic methods used and selection of the most appropriate and adequate medical treatment were made by a group of three experienced physicians after reviewing the medical records which had been written by public physicians who were treating patients in the study area. The records were reviewed by resident staff members of the Department of Preventive Medicine, of Yonsei University College of Medicine. A brief summary of results of the study is as follow: 1. 29.9% of the patients who visited the clinics were ages between 0-4. No sex difference was observed among patients less than 20 years of age. However, among patients over 20 years old, females predominated. Thus it is evident that the majority of patients were either children or mothers and grandmothers. 2. The distance from the individual villages to the myun health subcenter was one of important factors in determining the ratio of clinic visits. However, other factors such as the activities of the health workers also affected the rates substantially. 3. The most common 25 diseases comprised 90.2% of all the diseases recorded. Acute respiratory infection (25.5%), Skin (12.7%) , diarrheal diseases (6.8%), neuralgia and back pain (4.9%) and. all other injuries (3.9%) were the five most common diseases. 4. Of all the diseases diagnosed and treated, 9.2% required simple laboratory tests for diagnosis, 6.5% required X-ray examination, and altogether 13.6% required either laboratory test or X-ray examination. 5. Treatment and management of 42.0% of the cases could be accomplished with simple, inexpensive drugs, 12.8% required the use of more expensive drugs (mostly antibiotics) and injections were required in 19.7% of the cases. Minor surgery and referral were necessary in 5% of the cases. 6. The cost for diagnosis and treatment was estimated with a standard which was set by general concensus. The average cost of diagnosis was 144 per case and the cost of treatment was 726 per case, The Total average cost per visit was 870.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.105-116
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• 1996

Rendering the brain ischemic would evoke the cerebral ischemic reflex which is characterized by an arterial pressor response, apnea and bradycardia. Since the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is known to play a key role in the maintenance of normal cardiopulmonary activity, during the cerebral ischemic reflex some cardiac related cells should be excited and respiration related cells inhibited. In this context, the responses of RVLM neurons to systemie and focal hypoxia were analyzed in the present study. Twenty-five adult cats of either sex were anesthetized with ${\alpha}-chloralose$ and the single neuronal activities were identified from RVLM area. For the induction of focal hypoxia in the recording site, sodium cyanide was applied iontophoretically and for systemic hypoxia the animal was ventilated with nitrogen gas for a twenty-second period. Cellular activities were analyzed in terms of their discharge pattern and responses to the hypoxia by using post-stimulus time and single-pass time histograms. Of eighteen cardiac related cells recorded from the RVLM area, twelve cells were excited by iontophoresed sodium cyanide and of twenty-five respiration related cells, fourteen cells were excited by iontophoresed sodium cyanide. Remaining cells were either inhibited or unaffected. Eight of fifteen cells tested with iontophoresed sodium lactate were excited and remaining seven cells were inhibited. Systemic hypoxia induced by nitrogen gas inhalation elevated the arterial blood pressure, but excited, inhibited or unaffected the single neuronal activities. Some cells showed initial excitation followed by inhibition during the systemic hypoxia. Bilateral vagotomy resulted in a decrease of arterial pressor response to the systemic hypoxia, and a slight decrease in the rhythmicity related to cardiac and/or respiratory rhythms. The single neuronal responses to either systemic or focal hypoxia were not affected qualitatively by vagotomy. From the above results, it was concluded that the majority of the cardiac- and respiration- related neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla be excited by hypoxia, not through the mediation of peripheral chemoreceptors, and along with the remaining inhibited cells, all these cells be involved in the mediation of cerebral ischemic reflex.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2006

레티놀 결합 단백질(retinol-binding protein, RBP)은 고등 척추동물에서 혈류를 통해 특이적으로 레티놀을 표적세포에 운반해 주는 중요한 역할을 한다. 우리나라의 연안에 서식하고 있으며 산업적으로 중요한 조피볼락(Sebastes schlegeli)을 대상으로 4-nonylphenol(NP)가 RBP mRNA 발현에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 간으로부터 cDNA library를 제작하고 RBP 단편의 염기서열을 분석하였다. 분석된 RBP mRNA 서열로부터 아미노산 서열을 추정하여 다른 종의 RBP 아미노산 서열과 비교한 결과 Sparus aurata와는 80%, 무지개 송어(Oncorhynchus mykiss)와는 72%, 유럽 뱀장어(Anguilla anguilla)와는 78%의 높은 상동성을 보였다. 조피볼락에서 4-NP에 대한 RBP와 VTG mRNAs 발현에 미치는 영향을 northern blot 분석 방법에 의해 조사하였다. 4-NP를 10 mg/kg BW로 주사한 실험구에서는 암수 모두 VTG mRNA 발현에 영향을 주지 않았으나, RBP mRNA 발현은 수컷에서 48시간 후에 감소하였다. 4-NP를 25 mg/kg BW으로 주사한 실험구에서는 24시간 후에 암수 모두 VTG mRNA 발현이 증가하였으며, RBP mRNA 발현은 48시간 후에 암수 모두 감소하였다. 이들 결과로부터 조피볼락에서는 4-NP 등의 에스트로겐 유사물질이 RBP와 VTG 유전자 발현에 상반되는 효과를 유도함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2018

Endocrine disruptors have been concerned in toxicology but now challenged as physiological point especially concerned with exposing dose and period. In this study the low-dose chronic administration of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthaltae (DEHP) during reproductive period was examined to evaluate the possible roles. Adult male and female CD-1 mice were exposed to DEHP with drinking water containing $133{\mu}g/L$ and $1,330{\mu}g/L$ DEHP in water according to OECD 433 guide line and sacrificed just after weaning. The weights of uterus and ovary were decreased by drinking of $1,330{\mu}g/L$ DEHP water. There was not adverse effects on either accumulated mating rate and mating rate depend on estrus stage, pregnancy duration, and sex ration at birth. However, the accumulated rate of successful delivery and litter size were significantly high at $1,330{\mu}g/L$ DEHP water. The number of epididymal sperm was significantly increased by drinking of $1,330{\mu}g/L$ DEHP water. In addition, the number of follicles (primary, secondary, tertiary) were more many than control at $1,330{\mu}g/L$ DEHP water drunk mother. Though further studies are needed to identify what are the mechanism of DEHP in folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis. From this study we firstly report the effect of low-dose chronic administration of DEHP with drinking could change the ovarian follicle population size and spermatogenesis rate. Put together, those finding is different from previous high-dose effects and suggest the physiological role of DEHP in gonads and uterus.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.33-42
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• 1993

In order to obtain the basic information for the optimal settlement planning in the reclaimed area, various existing settlement conditions on reclaimed farming village were analysed through a case study of in-and-round farming villages in Deuk Ryang Reclaimed Area. By comparison study between in-and-around villages, the allocation policy of farming settlement in the samll and medium scale area was proposed. The results obtained in this study were as follows ; 1.The population structure of the inner village(Ansim village) had become worse than the around village during 1976~1981 period from the viewpoint of total and female emigration ratios. Especially, the originally unbalanced sex ratio of Ansim village had worsen to the unacceptable ratio of 1.5 : 1(male : female). Therefore, the structural stability of the population should be carefully improved in the newly reclaimed farming villages by the systematic long-term controlling machanism.2.The farming status of Ansim village was much lower than the around villages viewing of the cultivated acreage and agricultural machinery stock Therefore, the continuous and intensive governmental support different from the existing farming area should be required for the settling of reclaimed farming. 3. The regularity of the village site as a planned village, though pursed in the first phase of village construction, had been severely disturbed inflowing of squatters. Recently, there are increasing vaccant houses in the village, and the level of living amenities and personal mobility of Ansim village are much lower than the around village. So, now, the physical structure of the village should be improved to the level of village reconstruction or new village construction. 4. The cultivated area of Ansim village leans to the south side which would be unfavoured by the farmers of the around villages, while its distributing pattern should be concentric around the village site. This phenomenon disturbs the central fuction of the planned farming village. In this respect, role assignment, relationship and balance of competence in farming activities should be planned between in-and-around villages in the reclaimed area from the initial stage. 5. Putting together the above results in this study, the farming and living conditions of Ansim village threaten its existence as a planned new farming village in the reclaimed area. And, so, the full scale reconstruction of village structure, including moving to the new site, should be designed as soon as possible. Although further many studies should be carried out, it would be sure that the new village planning should be reconsidered in the small and-medium scale reclamation works.