• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.113-120
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• 1999

본 연구의 목적은 남자 중학생과 아버지 사이의 관계에 미치는 요소들을 탐색하고자 한 것이다. 본 연구의 가설은 아버지에 대한 지각, 애착, 아버지의 나이와 음주력, 학력 등이 남자 중학생의 자기존중감, 기분, 성역할, 학업성취, 학교생활의 만족에 영향을 미친다는 것이다. 이를 위하여 우울감과 자기존중감, 아버지에 대한 태도 등에 관련된 자기보고형 설문지를 이용하였다. 수원시내 일 중학교를 통하여 대상군을 선정하였으며 196명에게 조사를 시행하였다. 남자청소년과 아버지의 관계에서 자기존중감, 성역할, 애착은 부자관계에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고 아버지의 학력, 음주력, 나이는 부자관계에서 유의미한 것으로 나타나지 않았다. 또한 아버지의 과보호는 남자중학생에게 부정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 여러 가지 제한점을 갖고 있다. 첫 번째로 표본집단이 아닌 소수의 일 집단이라는 점과 둘째로 선행연구가 부재하여 충분한 문헌비교와 고찰이 되지 않았다는 점이며 셋째로 원인분석이 아니라 상관분석이라는 점이다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.379-393
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to estimate the effect of related factors such as cultural values and individual characteristics to consumer attitude, and furthermore to estimate the effect of consumer attitude and related factors such as price perception and individual characteristics to consumption behavior(expenditure) of food away from home. To do this, the data was collected from college students and a 2 step approach by using LIMDEP program was applied to estimate the structural equation model. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Consumer attitude toward food away from home was found to be significantly influenced by some cultural values such as health, sensibility, socially responsible consumption and religion, and individual characteristics such as sex and pocket money. If they perceived more positively about the value of health, sensibility and religion, they would be likely to have more positive attitude, while they perceived more negatively about the value of socially responsible consumption, they would be likely to have more negative attitude. In addition, if they were females and had much more pocket money, they would be more likely to have more positive attitude. 2) Expenditure of food away from home was found to be significantly influenced by age and pocket money, while consumer attitude did not have a significant impact on expenditure of food away from home at the second stage in the structural equation model. It might imply that consumption behavior of food away from home for college students would be more constrained by individual characteristics such as sex and economic capital.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.260-265
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• 2005

Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) has been widely used for postoperative pain control in medical surgery parts. Conventional intramuscular analgesia (IMA) is also effective in postoperative pain control, but it has some disadvantages that depend on patients' perception of pain and the anxiety that they endure caused by the delay of the injection time. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy and postoperative outcomes of intravenous PCA compared to IMA injections in 36 patients (BSSRO). Three factors were compared: amount of pain in PCA and IMA group ; amount of pain according to the sex in PCA and IMA group and the amount of pain according to the analgesia use. Results of this study did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in any of these, using a p value of 0.05. The results of this study were as follows. : 1. There was no statistically significant difference in VAS pain score between IMA group and PCA group. 2. There was no statistically significant difference according to the sex. 3. There was no statistically significant difference according to the amount of PCA. The history of PCA is about 30 years and many literatures have reported about its effects, complications, methods, advantages and disadvantages. So, this study has some limitations of small sample size to conclude the effects of PCA. But when the decision about the method for postoperative pain control has to be made, it should be made based on patient or physician preference and cost factors rather than on the trend.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.181-197
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to compare financial status of home-based family business with that of ensile family business, and to analyze the factors effected on financial status of both business groups. The sample consisted of 295 home-based family business and 418 ensile family business among self-employed household of 1998 Korea Household Panel Data, and analyzed into Frequencies, Percentile, t-test, $\chi$$^2$-test and Regression. The findings were as follows: First, in case of financial status of household, there was no significant difference between home-based family business and ensile family business. Second, in case of financial status of business, total sales amount and net profit of home-based family business were lower than those of onsite family business, however net profit to total sales ratio of home-based family business was higher than those of onsite family business. Third, the factors contributing to total expenditure to total income ratio of home-based family business were business owner's present economic perception, future economic expectancy and residence, while business owner's age, the number of children and of tamer, and residence were significant variables contributing to same ratio of onsite family business. The factors contributing to total asset to total debt ratio of home-based family business was only business owner's future economic expectancy, however factors affected on the counterpart were business owler's future economic expectancy and job type of family business. Fourth, the variables of sex, age, educational level of family business owner, job type and family type of family business were associated with net profit to total sales ratio of home-based family business, and sex, educational level of family business owner, job type of family business, and the number of employees were related to same ratio of the counterpart. In addition, educational level of family business owner, job type and residence were related with total sales to the number of employees ratio of home-based family business, and educational level of family business owner and job tape of family business were related to same ratio of ensile family business.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.73-93
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• 2021

본 연구는 신체적 매력과 호감 지각이 한국인의 세대(청년과 중년) × 평가자 성별(남과 여) × 타겟 성별(남과 여)에 따라 어떻게 다르게 나타나는지 알아보고자 했다. 또한, 평가자들이 같은 타겟을 평가할 때 평가자가 동성이 만든 타겟을 이성이 만든 타겟보다 더 신체적 매력과 호감을 높게 평가하는지도 알아보았다. 이를 위해 120명의 대학생을 참여시켜 3D 프로그램을 사용하여 이상적인 외모와 신체를 가진 타겟을 만들었다. 그다음, 또 다른 240명(청년 남녀 각 60명, 중년 남녀 각 60명)이 타겟의 신체적 매력, 호감도를 평가하였다. 분석 결과, 신체적 매력과 호감도는 정적 상관이 있었지만, 집단 간 차이의 패턴은 달랐다. 즉, 신체적 매력은 타겟의 성별과 평가자 성별에서 성차가 나타났지만 세대 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 호감도의 경우 타겟의 성별에 따른 차이와 세대 차이가 나타났지만, 평가자의 성차는 나타나지 않았다. 마지막으로 평가자들의 성별에 따라 같은 타겟에 대한 호감 지각에 차이가 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 신체적 매력에 대한 진화론적 관점과 사회문화적 관점에서 논의하였다.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: In masking level difference (MLD), the masked detection threshold for a signal is determined as a function of the relative interaural differences between the signal and the masker. Study 1 analyzed the results of school-aged children with good school performance in the MLD test, and study 2 compared their results with those of a group of children with poor academic performance. Subjects and Methods: Study 1 was conducted with 47 school-aged children with good academic performance (GI) and study 2 was carried out with 32 school-aged children with poor academic performance (GII). The inclusion criteria adopted for both studies were hearing thresholds within normal limits in basic audiological evaluation. Study 1 also considered normal performance in the central auditory processing test battery and absence of auditory complaints and/or of attention, language or speech issues. The MLD test was administered with a pure pulsatile tone of 500 Hz, in a binaural mode and intensity of 50 dBSL, using a CD player and audiometer. Results: In study 1, no significant correlation was observed, considering the influence of the variables age and sex in relation to the results obtained in homophase (SoNo), antiphase (SπNo) and MLD threshold conditions. The final mean MLD threshold was 13.66 dB. In study 2, the variables did not influence the test performance either. There was a significant difference between test results in SπNo conditions of the two groups, while no differences were found both in SoNo conditions and the final result of MLD. Conclusions: In study 1, the cut-off criterion of school-aged children in the MLD test was 9.3 dB. The variables (sex and age) did not interfere with the MLD results. In study 2, school performance did not differ in the MLD results. GII group showed inferior results than GI group, only in SπNo condition.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: In masking level difference (MLD), the masked detection threshold for a signal is determined as a function of the relative interaural differences between the signal and the masker. Study 1 analyzed the results of school-aged children with good school performance in the MLD test, and study 2 compared their results with those of a group of children with poor academic performance. Subjects and Methods: Study 1 was conducted with 47 school-aged children with good academic performance (GI) and study 2 was carried out with 32 school-aged children with poor academic performance (GII). The inclusion criteria adopted for both studies were hearing thresholds within normal limits in basic audiological evaluation. Study 1 also considered normal performance in the central auditory processing test battery and absence of auditory complaints and/or of attention, language or speech issues. The MLD test was administered with a pure pulsatile tone of 500 Hz, in a binaural mode and intensity of 50 dBSL, using a CD player and audiometer. Results: In study 1, no significant correlation was observed, considering the influence of the variables age and sex in relation to the results obtained in homophase (SoNo), antiphase (SπNo) and MLD threshold conditions. The final mean MLD threshold was 13.66 dB. In study 2, the variables did not influence the test performance either. There was a significant difference between test results in SπNo conditions of the two groups, while no differences were found both in SoNo conditions and the final result of MLD. Conclusions: In study 1, the cut-off criterion of school-aged children in the MLD test was 9.3 dB. The variables (sex and age) did not interfere with the MLD results. In study 2, school performance did not differ in the MLD results. GII group showed inferior results than GI group, only in SπNo condition.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.240-249
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• 2022

Background: Widespread pain partially depends upon sensitization of central pain mechanisms. However, mechanisms controlling pain distribution are not completely known. The present study sought to assess skin temperature variations in the area of experimentally-induced pain and potential sex differences. Methods: Pressure-pain thresholds (PPTs) were measured on the right infraspinatus muscle. At the end of Day 0, all participants performed an eccentric exercise of the shoulder external rotators to induce muscle soreness 24 hours after. On Day 1, participants indicated on a body chart the area of pain induced by 60 seconds of suprathreshold pressure stimulation (STPS; PPT + 20%) on the right infraspinatus muscle. Skin temperature variations in the area of referred pain were recorded with an infrared thermography camera, immediately before and after the STPS. Results: Twenty healthy, pain-free individuals (10 females) participated. On Day 0, the pre-STPS temperature was higher than the post-STPS temperature on the arm (P = 0.001) and forearm (P = 0.003). On Day 1, the pre-STPS temperature was higher than the post-STPS temperature on the shoulder (P = 0.015), arm (P = 0.001), and forearm (P = 0.010). On Day 0, the temperature decrease after STPS in females was greater than in males on the forearm (P = 0.039). On Day 1, a greater temperature decrease was found amongst females compared with males at the shoulder (P = 0.018), arm (P = 0.046), and forearm (P = 0.005). Conclusions: These findings indicate that sympathetic vasomotor responses contribute to expand pressure-induced referred pain, especially among females.

• 한국심리학회지:법
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.323-341
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• 2021

본 연구는 우리나라 성인 522명을 대상으로 지적장애인 성범죄 하급심 판결문에서 인용된 감경 사유에 대한 동의 여부 및 법정 형량의 적절성에 대한 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였다. 전체 응답자의 약 80%은 현행 지적장애인 성범죄 법정 형량을 적절하다고 판단하는 것으로 나타났다. 다만, 동의하지 않는 경우 현재보다 더 엄벌이 필요하다고 인식하였다. 거의 대부분의 응답자는 피고인의 '연령', '건강 상태', '사회경제적 수준', '성장배경 및 가정환경'과 같은 일신상의 이유 또는 범행이 '음주', '성적 충동', '우발적'으로 발생했다는 점을 감경 사유로 사용하는데 있어 동의하지 않았다. 반대로 '자수', '미수', '피고인의 지적장애', '진지한 반성' 등을 감경 사유로 사용하는데 있어서 동의 비율은 상대적으로 높았으나, 여전히 응답자의 절반 이상은 동의하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 성별과 학력에 따른 감경사유 인식의 차이는 존재하지 않았다. 반면 응답자의 연령이 낮을수록 감경에 대해 더 엄격한 태도를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구는 국민들의 의견이 반영된 양형기준의 필요성을 제안하였다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.171-182
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• 2024

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate health college students' awareness and knowledge of the dementia policy and their attitudes toward dementia. Methods : In this study, 294 questionnaires were collected from 301 college students in the Department of Health of K College in Busan from November 7 to 29, 2022. The questionnaire consisted of 59 items, including 9 items on general characteristics, 10 on awareness of the dementia policy, 15 on attitudes toward dementia, and 25 on knowledge about dementia. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t test, and one-way analysis of variance with SPSS version 25. A post-analysis was performed using the Scheffe test. Dementia policy awareness, knowledge of dementia, and attitude toward dementia were analyzed with the Pearson correlation coefficient by factor. Results : The health students' dementia policy awareness and knowledge of dementia were high, and their attitudes toward dementia were positive. High knowledge of dementia was influenced by sex, interest in dementia, presence of dementia information, and related volunteer work experience. Positive attitudes toward dementia were related to sex, department, and mode of receiving dementia information. High dementia policy perceptions were associated with interest in dementia and the presence or absence of information on dementia. Positive correlations were found between dementia policy perception and knowledge and attitude toward dementia. Conclusion : According to our study, interest in dementia is increasing owing to the recent dementia safety system. As a result, the dementia policy awareness and knowledge of dementia among college students pursuing health studies were high, and their attitude toward dementia was positive. From these results, we can infer that systematic and continuous education on dementia should be conducted in universities.