• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 2015

Objectives : Acne vulgaris is a common skin disorder prevalent among adolescence into adulthood, and its consequences can be detrimental especially for women. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Yukul-tang Gamibang (YG) on female acne vulgaris. Methods : We treated 2 cases of female acne patients diagnosed as ‘Stagnation Pattern’ with herbal medication and external treatments. Herbal medication was orally administered 2 times a day and external treatments were applied once a week on average during the whole treatment period. Results : Photographs were taken at the start of each session, and the pictures of before and after the treatment period were compared. The severity of acne vulgaris was evaluated according to the Korean Acne Grading System (KAGS). We observed clinical improvement and decrease in KAGS grades after treatment. Conclusions : After taking YG, acne vulgaris was significantly improved in both patients. The results suggest that YG may be effective in treating acne vulgaris in female patients diagnosed as ‘Stagnation Pattern’.

• CELLMED
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.15.1-15.9
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• 2020

Introduction: Buthūr Labaniyya (Acne vulgaris) is a multifactorial disorder of the pilosebaceous units characterized by non-inflammatory and inflammatory clinical lesions. Several Unani medications have been used for centuries to treat acne. Objectives: Evaluation of safety and efficacy of Tila-i Muhāsā in patients with acne vulgaris Materials and Methods: This clinical study was conducted in patients with acne vulgaris. Patients applied Tila-i Muhāsā or 5% Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) once daily for 6 weeks. Assessment of efficacy was carried out by Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) and Patient Global Assessment (PGA) scores. In addition, overall severity of acne was evaluated on a 5-point Cook's acne grading scale using photographic standards. Assessment of safety was performed through adverse drug reactions, local dermal tolerability, vital signs, and routine laboratory investigations. Results: A total of 60 patients (30 in each group) completed 6 weeks of treatment. The mean percentage reduction in GAGS score at 6 weeks from baseline in Unani group (66.97%) and BPO group (59.09%) was statistically significant (P<0.0001). After 6 weeks of therapy, the mean percentage reduction in PGA score compared to baseline in Unani group (57.44%) and BPO group (50.23%) was statistically significant (P<0.0001). No serious adverse events were reported in both groups; however, mild adverse events occurred more frequently in BPO group (30%) compared to Unani group (10%). Conclusion: Tila-i Muhāsā was found to be effective and safe in the treatment of acne vulgaris. However, further clinical studies with larger sample size and longer duration of therapy need to be conducted.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.273-279
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• 2013

Purpose: In patients with splenic trauma, Computed Tomography (CT) scan is helpful in selecting treatment options and evaluating resolution after NOM (Non-Operative Management). The purpose of this study was to suggest a CT based hemoperitoneum (HP) scoring system that can easily be used by clinicians to evaluate the severity of injury and recovery. Methods: A retrospective review of patients with splenic trauma admitted to our hospital between May 2003 and January 2013 was conducted. Patients diagnosed with isolated spleen injury who had a CT scan on admission were included. 1 or 2 points were given according to location and amount of hematoma in the CT image. Using the existing ultrasonography (US) based HP scoring system, the same method was applied to obtain our CT based HP scoring (CBHS) system, which ranges from 0 to 8 points. The CBHS system can be easily used by clinicians for a quick assessment of splenic injury. Results: Of the 39 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, 6 patients were managed operatively and 33 nonoperatively. There was a significant difference in CBHS between the OM (operative management) group and the NOM group.(p=0.03) CBHS showed correlation with Hb (hemoglobin), Hct (hematocrit), spleen injury grade(AAST), and Hounsfield unit of ROI (Region of interest). (p=0.17, p=0.18, p<0.000, p=0.02, respectively) After successful NOM with stabilized Hb level, the amount of hemoperitoneum was scored in the follow-up CT. CBHS demonstrated correlation with decreased spleen injury grade, decreased Hounsfield unit of ROI (Region of interest) (p=0.039, p=0.049, respectively), and also objectively reflected patient recovery. Conclusion: CBHS can be used as an objective and intuitive tool for clinicians in grading the severity of splenic injury by scoring the amount of hemoperitoneum, and in assessing recovery.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the relationship between appearance and size of bone bruise and severity of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), furthermore, to identify the mechanism of ACL injury by analyzing the footprint of bone bruise. Materials and Methods: Sixty-five subjects who was taken an MRI within 6 weeks after acute ACL injury were studied. All MRI showed ACL injury and associated bone bruises. Bone bruises were analyzed using Costa-Paz classification based on appearance and location and also scored using Kornaat bone bruise grading system based on size and location. The severity of the ACL injury was graded using a 4-point system (ie, grade 0-3) with oblique coronal MRI. Results: There was statistically significant correlation between Costa-Paz classification of bone bruises in lateral femoral condyle and grade of ACL injury. There were more type 2 lesions in partial tear group (grade 1, 2), however, type 3 lesions of Costa-Paz classification in complete tear group (P=0.037). Significant positive correlations were observed between Kornaat total bone bruise score and grade of ACL injury (P=0.014). Most common ACL injury mechanism was pivot shift injury. Other mechanisms were clip valgus injury, phantom foot injury, and hyperextension injury. Conclusion: It is highly suggested that appearance and size of bone bruise is related to severity of ACL injury after acute ACL injury. The foot print of bone bruise provides valuable clues to identify ACL injury mechanism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.6
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• pp.1348-1363
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• 2020

The newly revised 2018 Organ Injury Scale (OIS) has a similar format to the previous American Association for Surgery and Trauma (AAST) Emergency General Surgery Grading System, dividing the criteria for grading solid organ damage into three groups; imaging, operation, and pathology. The most significant alteration in the OIS system 2018 revision is the incorporation of multidetector CT (MDCT) findings of vascular injury including pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula. Similar to the previous OIS, the highest of the three criteria is assigned the final grade. In addition, if multiple grade I or II injuries are present, one grade is advanced for multiple injuries up to grade III. This pictorial essay demonstrates the MDCT findings of solid organ injury grades based on the 2018 OIS system.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2011

Objective : Leukoaraiosis (LA) has been suggested to be related to the poor outcome or the occurrence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) after acute ischemic stroke. We retrospectively investigated the influences of LA on long-term outcome and the occurrence of sICH after thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods : In this study, we recruited 164 patients with AIS and magnetic resonance image (MRI)-detected thrombolysis. The presence and extent of LA were assessed using the Fazekas grading system. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was used to assess the baseline measure of neurologic severity, and the modified Rankin Scale score assessment was used up to 1 year after thrombolysis. Results : Of 164 subjects, 56 (34.2%) showed LA on MRI. Compared to the 108 patients without LA, the patients with LA were of much older age (p<0.01), had a higher prevalence of hypertension (p<0.01), and had a much poorer outcome at 90 days (p=0.05) and 1 yr (p=0.01) after thrombolysis. There were no significant differences in sICH between patients with and without LA on MRI. In univariate analysis for the occurrence of poor outcome at 90 days after thrombolysis, the size of ischemic lesion on diffusion weighted images (DWI), [odds ratio (OR), 1.03; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.01-1.04; p<0.01], recanalization (OR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01-0.10; p<0.01), sICH (OR, 12.2; 95% CI, 1.54-95.8), neurologic severity (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09-1.25; p<0.01), blood glucose level (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.02; p=0.03), and the presence of LA on MRI (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.04-3.01; p=0.04) were statistically significant. In multivariate analysis, neurologic severity (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.04-1.24; p<0.01), recanalization (OR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01-0.11; p<0.01), lesion size on DWI (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03; p=0.02), serum glucose level (OR, 1.01; 95% CI; 1.01-1.02; p=0.03), and the presence of LA on MRI (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.22-8.48; p<0.01) showed statistically significant differences. These trends persisted up to 1 yr after thrombolysis. Conclusion : In this study, we demonstrated that the presence of LA on MRI might be related to poor outcome after use of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in AIS.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.65-82
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study is 1) to explore the general tendency of the herbs or herbal formula for acne treatment in clinical practice 2) and to provide a basis for explaining the principles of acne treatment in Korean Medicine in order to make patients understand more easily based on pharmacological mechanism by analyzing the herbs or herbal formula using for acne treatment in clinical practice. Methods : In the domestic databases (Oriental medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System-OASIS, Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal-KTKP, National Discovery for Science Leader-NDSL, Research Information Sharing Service-RISS), we selected among the papers published using search terms related to "acne". Reports related to sasang constitutional medicine were excluded and a total of 23 papers were finally selected. Results : 29 prescriptions were retrieved from 23 papers. Chungan-tang (淸顔湯) notified formulas ranked first by Cheongsangbangpung- tang (淸上防風湯), Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang (黃連解毒湯), Dangguijakyaksan (當歸芍藥散) and Bipachungpe-eum (枇杷淸肺飮). Commonly used herbs are Forsythiae Fructus (連翹), Scutellariae Radix (黃芩), Gardeniae Fructus (梔子), Ligustici Rhizoma (川芎), and Angelicae Gigantis Radix (當歸). In most patients with inflammatory lesions or excessive flushing, exterior-releasing medicinal (解表藥) and heat-clearing medicinal (淸熱藥) were mainly prescribed for acne treatment, while in patients with acne accompanied hyperkeratinization, Excess sebum secretion, Dysmenorrhea or indigestion, qi-tonifying medicinal (補氣藥) or blood-tonifying medicinal (補血藥) were mainly used. KAGS (Korean Acne Grading System) was the most commonly used method for acne severity assessment. Conclusions : These findings suggest that the herbs or herbal formula for acne treatment in Korean Medicine is prescribed differently according to the cause and symptoms of acne in a unique way for control the whole body balance. Also, our findings could provide a basis for explaining the principles of acne treatment in Korean Medicine in order to make patients understand more easily based on pharmacological mechanism in clinical practice.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.31-41
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to establish the basis of the assessment tools that can be used for the diagnosis and assessment of skin diseases by reviewing the present status of the assessment tools used in domestic and overseas traditional medicine papers for the past five years. Methods : This study is based on analysis of papers on clinical trials about atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, urticaria published from 1st July 2013 to 30th June 2018. The papers were searched from Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System(OASIS), Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal(KTKP), Pubmed, MEDLINE. Results : 40 articles on atopic dermatitis, 34 articles on psoriasis, 26 articles on acne and 10 articles on urticaria were selected. Among them, 38 articles(90%), 20 articles(85%), 22 articles(85%) and 5 articles(50%) used assessment tools in order. Conclusions : SCoring Atopic Dermatitis(SCORAD), objective SCORing of Atopic Dermatitis index(OSI), Eczema Area and Severity Index(EASI) were used in studies on atopic dermatitis. In the case of psoriasis, The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index(PASI) was used in most papers. In the study on acne, most of Korean papers used Korean Acne Grading System(KAGS), but in the overseas papers, various assessment tools were used. In the case of urticaria, the rate of use of the assessment tool was the lowest, but the assessment tool used was unified by Urticaria Activity Score(UAS). Since skin diseases can cause stress and a decrease in quality of life, the quality of life should be taken into account when evaluating treatment effects.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.70 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2011

Social welfare services for respiratory-disabled persons in Korea are offered based on the respiratory impairment grade, which is determined by 3 clinical parameters; dyspnea, forced expiratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$), and arterial oxygen tension. This grading system has several limitations in the objective assessment of respiratory impairment. We reviewed several guidelines for the evaluation of respiratory impairment and relevant articles. Then, we discussed a new grading system with respiratory physicians. Both researchers and respiratory physicians agreed that pulmonary function tests are essential in assessing the severity of respiratory impairment, forced vital capacity (FVC), $FEV_1$ and single breath diffusing capacity ($DL_{co}$) are the primarily recommended tests. In addition, we agreed that arterial blood gas analysis should be reserved for selected patients. In conclusion, we propose a new respiratory impairment grading system utilizing a combination FVC, $FEV_1$ and $DL_{co}$ scores, with more social discussion included.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.189-197
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was performed in order to investigate the effectiveness of electromyography and the Heart Rate Variability(HRV) test as prognosis factors, and to clarify correlation between Electromyography and the Heart Rate Variability test. Methods : 44 Bell's palsy patients who were graded V on the House-Brackmann scale and underwent HRV and EMG testing were retrospectively reviewed based on medical records. Results from both tests were analyzed via simple linear regression, and bivariate correlation analysis was performed to investigate the correlation between results from the two tests. The severity of the facial palsy at onset and at 2 weeks after treatment were evaluated with the H-B grade and Yanagihara grading system, and was converted into improvement scores. Results : Mean axonal loss according to electromyography showed a statistically significant correlation in predicting peripheral facial palsy improvement(p<0.01). HR, SDNN, TP, LF, HF, VLF, and LF/HF ratio on the Heart Rate Variability test showed no significant correlation in predicting peripheral facial palsy improvement. Mean axonal loss determined by electromyography, and HR, SDNN, TP, LF, HF, VLF, and LF/HF ratio recorded with the Heart Rate Variability test was analyzed with the bivariate correlation analysis method. Mean axonal loss and SDNN showed a statistically significant correlation(p<0.01) Conclusions : The Heart Rate Variability test has no statistical significance in predicting peripheral facial palsy improvement. SDNN has a statistically significant correlation with mean axonal loss as determined by electromyography.