• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2012

Coastal dunes help stabilize the coastal landscape and protect the hinterland through dynamic interaction with sand beaches. Sometimes dune erosion occurs during the tropical cyclones, while dune recovery may naturally follow after the event. As the typhoon Kompasu passed through the Korean Peninsula early-September in 2010, it caused a rise in water in association with the storm, wave run-ups, and heavy rains in coastal areas. As the result, coastal dunes along the west coast of Korea were severely damaged during the storm. However, the degree and extent of erosion and recovery of dunes were found to be related with the condition of beach-dune systems including gradients of foreshore and front slope of the dune, sediment supply, vegetation, wind activity, and human interferences. Some dunes retreated landward more and more after the erosional event, while others recovered its original profile by aeolian transport processes mainly during the winter season. Vegetated dunes with pine trees were less recovered after the erosion than grass-covered dunes. In addition, dunes with artificial defense were more eroded and less recovered than those without hard constructions. According to the observation after the severe storm, it is likely that the sand transport process is critical to the dune recovery. Therefore, the interactions between beach and dune must be properly evaluated from a geomorphological perspective for the effective management of coastal dunes, including natural recovery after the erosion by storm events.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2018

Heavy damages to properties with attendant losses were frequently caused by tornadoes in recent years. This natural hazard is one of the most destructive wind events that must be fully studied and well understood in order to keep the safety of structures and infrastructure facilities. On June 23, 2016, a severe tornado, which is an Enhanced Fujita (EF) 4 storm, occurred in the rim of a coastal city named as Yancheng in China. Numerous low-rise buildings as well as facilities (e.g., transmission towers) were destroyed or damaged. In this paper, damages to structures and infrastructure facilities by the severe tornado are reviewed. The collapses of residential buildings, industrial structures and other infrastructure facilities are described. With an overview of the damages, various possible mechanisms of the collapse are then discussed and utilized to reveal the initiation of the damage to various facilities. It is hoped that this paper can provide a concise but comprehensive reference for the researchers and engineers to help understand the tornado effects on structures and expose the vulnerabilities that need to be improved in current wind-resistant design practices.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 2021

The 2019 coronavirus outbreak poses a threat to scientific, societal, financial, and health resources. The complex pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus centers on the unpredictable clinical progression of the disease, which may evolve abruptly and result in critical and life-threatening clinical complications. Effective clinical laboratory biomarkers that can classify patients according to risk are essential for ensuring timely treatment, and an analysis of recently published studies found cytokine storm and coagulation disorders were leading factors of severe COVID-19 complications. The following inflammatory, biochemical, and hematology biomarkers markers have been identified in COVID-19 patients; neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, c-reactive protein, procalcitonin, urea, liver enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, serum amyloid A, cytokines, d-dimer, fibrinogen, ferritin, troponin, creatinine kinase, and lymphocyte, leukocyte, and platelet counts. These factors are predictors of disease severity and some are involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. CRP is an acute-phase, non-specific serological biomarker of inflammation and infection and is related to disease severities and outcomes. In the present study, CRP levels were found to rise dramatically among COVID-19 patients, and our findings suggest CRP could be utilized clinically to predict COVID-19 prognosis and severity even before disease progression and the manifestation of clinical symptoms.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.63-70
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is development of bridge design guidelines in Kangwondo mountain area. Much damages heve been wrought by Typhoon Rusa(2002), Maemi(2003), Ewinniar(2006) and severe rain storm in July 2006 in Kangwondo mountain area. The partial cause of these much damages are not consider the regional and geomorphologic condition of river in Kangwondo mountain area. Most of the bridge damages were caused by severe wash out the foundation of pier and abutment. As other reasons, dead trees, branches of the trees and floating materials were catched by pier and deck which make difficult or cut off the flow. Design guidelines are presented by analysis the types and reasons of damages of the disaster.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.61-68
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• 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This disease is characterized by a wide spectrum of symptoms, ranging from mild to severe, including fatal outcomes. This study aims to review gustatory and salivary secretion dysfunctions and determine their potential pathogenic mechanisms. Gustatory impairment and salivary dysfunction are prevalent among patients with acute COVID-19 and those recovering from the disease. The mouth serves as a critical entry route for SARS-CoV-2. The cells within the oral epithelium, taste buds, and minor and major salivary glands express key entry factors for SARS-CoV-2, including angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, transmembrane serine protease 2, and furin. The co-occurrence of gustatory and salivary secretion dysfunctions possibly has pathogenetic association with the following factors: the expression of SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry receptors in the taste buds and salivary glands and SARS-CoV-2-induced zinc deficiency, which is crucial for normal taste perception and saliva secretion. Furthermore, the cytokine storm triggered by COVID-19 contributes to secondary damage affecting gustatory and salivary functions.

• Journal of Space Technology and Applications
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.210-219
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• 2024

This study investigates various ionospheric and thermospheric disturbances around the Korean Peninsula during the G5 geomagnetic storm occurred on May 10, 2024. This level of storm was the first of its magnitude in 21 years, resulting in auroras visible even in South Korea and severe space weather worldwide. The Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute has been providing ionospheric information over Korea through total electron content (TEC) measurements from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and monitoring the impact of ionospheric disturbances on GNSS signals by operating five GNSS scintillation stations in Korea and other countries. During this storm period, large amplitudes of TEC variations were observed over South Korea, along with anomalous TEC enhancements accompanied by strong scintillations at night and persistent TEC depletion on the dayside during the storm's recovery phase. Such daytime TEC depletion disturbances are quite rare, typically occurring only a few times throughout the 11-year solar cycle. While the association of persistent TEC depletion during the daytime with neutral composition disturbances was identified through observations, the causes of TEC enhancement and strong scintillation at night remain unclear. We speculate that the uplift of the ionosphere by storm-induced electric fields is responsible for the TEC enhancement and scintillation, but this hypothesis requires validation based on additional observational data.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.616-619
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• 2007

Recently, flood damage has been increased annually by severe rain storm and Typhoon. In this case, it needs to the effective flood management using not only hydrologic data but also numerical map, DEM(Digital Elevation Model), satellite image and so on. At this point in time, therefore, applying mobile GIS technology is expected to increase efficiency about the management of hydraulic structures and can promote LBS(Location Based Service) service for residents. In this study, the flood management technology using mobile GIS is suggested by standing on the basis of a super-highway information network.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.615-625
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• 2006

2006년 7월 15일${\sim}$17일 사이의 집중적인 호우는 강원도 지역에 많은 피해를 주었는데, 특히 강원도 인제, 양양, 평창지역에서의 피해로 수십명의 인명피해와 재산피해를 발생시켰다. 최근 들어 발생되는 집중호우로 인한 피해 중 토석류에 의한 피해가 많은 이유 중에는 지구온난화로 인한 100mm에 가까운 시간당 강우량을 보이고 있어 국내 산악지가 형성된 구간에서는 어느 지역이나 토석류가 발생될 가능성을 가지고 있다고 할 수 있다. 그러므로 본 논문은 2006년 7월에 발생된 강원도 인제, 양양지역을 중심으로 토석류 피해에 대하여 자료를 수집, 분석하였으며 토석류 발생기구 및 유형에 따른 피해정도와 저감방안에 대한 고찰을 실시하였다. 앞으로 빈번해지는 토석류에 대한 관리체계의 확립 및 보완대책과 토목공사시에 반영될 수 있는 방안 등을 모색해야 할 것이다.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.191-206
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• 2010

Windborne debris is a major cause of structural damage during severe windstorms and hurricanes owing to its direct impact on building envelopes as well as to the 'chain reaction' failure mechanism it induces by interacting with wind pressure damage. Estimation of debris risk is an important component in evaluating wind damage risk to residential developments. A debris risk model developed by the authors enables one to analytically aggregate damage threats to a building from different types of debris originating from neighboring buildings. This model is extended herein to a general debris risk analysis methodology that is then incorporated into a vulnerability model accounting for the temporal evolution of the interaction between pressure damage and debris damage during storm passage. The current paper (Part I) introduces the debris risk analysis methodology, establishing the mathematical modeling framework. Stochastic models are proposed to estimate the probability distributions of debris trajectory parameters used in the method. It is shown that model statistics can be estimated from available information from wind-tunnel experiments and post-damage surveys. The incorporation of the methodology into vulnerability modeling is described in Part II.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2013

The safety and stability of 5MW class offshore wind turbine Jack-up platform was investigated through ocean basin experiment. For simulating the environmental condition of yellow sea in the South Korea, diverse waves, winds and currents were performed based on Froude's number. Regular wave and irregular wave based on Froude's number were applied to the wind turbine structure. In experiments, the height and period of regular wave type were scaled down as the 1:50 ratio of real wave condition. Irregular wave type was simulated with TMA(Texel Storm, Marsen and Arsloe)spectrum. The vertical reaction force, resonance period and wave pressure applied to multi-supporters of wind offshore structure were measured experimentally. Finally, the results showed that the capsizing situation of the offshore structure was generated by the severe environmental condition.