• 농촌계획
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.97-110
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• 2009

The objective of this research was to develop a rural settlement demand model to analyze the determinants of settlement demand of urban residents. The point aimed at from model development was deriving stated preference of potential consumers towards rural settlement through setting a hypothetical market, and using settlement subsidy as a surrogate variable for price in the demand model. The adequate demand model deducted from hypothetical market data was derived from the basis of Hanemann's utility difference theory. In the rural settlement demand model, willingness to accept was expressed by a function of settlement subsidy. Data utilized in the analysis was collected from surveys of households nationwide. According to inferred results of the demand model, settlement subsidy had a significant influence on increasing demand for rural settlement. A significant common element was found among variables affecting demand increase through demand curve shift. The majority group of those with high rural settlement demand sought agricultural activity as their main motive, due to harsh urban environments aggravated by unstable job market conditions. Subsequently, restriction of income opportunities in rural areas does not produce an entrance barrier for potential rural settlers. Moreover, this argument could be supported by the common trend of those with high rural settlement demand generally tending to have low incomes. Due to such characteristics of concerned groups of rural settlement demand, they tended to react susceptibly to the subsidy provided by the government and local autonomous entities.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2021

Peatland is distributed in China widely, and organic matters in soil frequently induce problems in the construction and maintenance of highway engineering due to the high permeability and compressibility. In this paper, a selected site of Dali-Lijiang expressway was surveyed in China. A numerical model was built to predict the settlement of the foundation of the selected section employing the soft soil creep (SSC) model in PLAXIS 8.2. The model was subsequently verified by the result of field observance. Consequently, the parameters of 17 types of soils from different regions in China with organic contents varying from 1.1-74.9% were assigned to the numerical model to study the settlement characteristics. The calculated results showed that the duration of primary consolidation and proportion of primary settlement in the total settlement decreased with increasing organic content. Two empirical equations, for total consolidation settlement and secondary settlement, were proposed using multiple linear regression based on the calculated results from the numerical models. The analysis results of the significances of certain soil parameters demonstrated that the natural compression index, secondary compression index, cohesion and friction angle have significant linear relevance with both the total settlement and secondary settlement, while the initial coefficient of permeability exerts significant influence on the secondary settlement only.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.127-138
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• 1998

신선한 쓰레기 매립지에서는 쓰레기에 포함되어 있는 유기물의 분해로 인하여 장기간에 걸쳐 상당한 양의 침하가 유발되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 여러 신선한 쓰레기 매립지들의 침하자료에 대하여 기존에 제안된 몇몇 침하모델들을 적용하였으며. 얻어진 침하예측곡선과 장기침하량을 분석함으로써 분해로 의한 침하양상이 장기침하량 예측에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 사용된 모델과는 상관없이 선정된 모델변수 값들이 분해효과를 포함하지 않는 한 장기침하를 적절히 평가할 수 없었다. 몇몇 예측방법 가운데 Gibson & Lo 모델과 쌍곡선 모델은 쓰레기 매립지의 장기침하 거동특성을 비교적 타당성 있게 예측한 반면에 power creep law는 상당히 과다예측하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.65-76
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• 1997

난지도 쓰레기 매립지 뿐만 아니라 대도시 주변 매립지의 사후활용 방안에 대한 관심이 점차로 고조되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 난지도 쓰레기 매립지에서 2년여간 계측된 침하자료를 분석하여 침하양상을 규명하고자 하였다. 침하분석결과 난지도 쓰레기 매립지의 침하양상은 미국내 24개 매립지에 대해 분석된 침하경향과 유사함을 알 수 있었다. 계측된 침하자료에 대한 해석을 근거로 할 경우, Bjarngard와 Edgers의 침하모델이 난지도 매립지의 장기침하량 예측에 적합한 것으로 사료된다. 10년 후 장기침하량을 예측할 때 Bjarngard와 Edgers의 침하모델은 Power Creep Model과 상당한 예측의 차이를 보였다. 난지도 쓰레기 매립지 침하양상에 대한 분석이 이루어지지 않은 상황에서 단지 기존의 침하모델만을 사용하는 것은 장기침하량 예측시 상당한 오류를 범할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.61-70
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• 1990

In rural settlement planning, its spatial development framework should be constructed on the basis of the hierachial settlement system. However, up to now, there does not exist widely - accepted model on rural settlement hierachy. In this study the basic planning principles and directions on the modelling of the settlement hireachy in rural areas have been consolidated through theoretical study and situational analysis on planning environments. And also, a new yardstick on the grading of the middle - level centers between villages and rural towns has been tried to find out. The research resulted that the existance of periodical rural market might be used as a simple and innovative yardstick on the hierachial ordering of rural settlement system. Based on the above results, an alternative 4 - step model of rural settlement hierachy was proposed ; Rural Town(county hall sitted) -Market Center(having standard periodical market) - Village Center(having no market) - Village. Finally, because the conclusion has been made by very limited case studies and several previous works, there should need continuous studies and checks in future for full reasoning of the proposed model.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2005

매립장의 침하메카니즘은 매우 복잡하여 전통적인 토질역학적 방법으로만 해결하는 것은 적절한 방법으로 판단되지 않는다. 매립장은 다량의 유기물질이나 유기질토로 이루어졌기에 분해에 의한 침하방법도 고려하여야한다. 매립장의 유기물질 분해는 혐기성상태에서 분해가 이루어지는데 분해시 발생 가스는 이산화탄소($CO_2$)와 메탄($CH_4$)등의 성분으로 이루어진다. 매립장에서의 유기물질의 분해는 침하와 관계를 가지며 분해는 가스를 생성하므로 발생가스량에 따른 침하예측모델을 제안할 수 있었다. 또한 매립장의 조기안정화 방법으로 사용하는 침출수 재순환법을 적용하여 침출수를 재순환 한 매립조와 재순환을 하지 않은 매립조를 제작하여 가스발생과 침하특성을 비교 분석하였다. 제안한 가스모델을 침출수가 재순환하지 않은 매립조와 재순환한 매립조에 적용할 때는 각각 보정계수 1.4, 1.7이 필요하며 재순환 매립조의 침하촉진효과는 22% 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2024

The new metro crossing the existing metro will cause the settlement or floating of the existing structures, which will have safety problems for the operation of the existing metro and the construction of the new metro. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor and predict the settlement of the existing metro caused by the construction of the new metro in real time. Considering the complexity and uncertainty of metro settlement, a Gaussian Prior Bayesian Emulator (GPBE) probability prediction model based on Bayesian optimization (BO) is proposed, that is, BO-GPBE. Firstly, the settlement monitoring data are analyzed to get the influence of the new metro on the settlement of the existing metro. Then, five different acquisition functions, that is, expected improvement (EI), expected improvement per second (EIPS), expected improvement per second plus (EIPSP), lower confidence bound (LCB), probability of improvement (PI) are selected to construct BO model, and then BO-GPBE model is established. Finally, three years settlement monitoring data were collected by structural health monitoring (SHM) system installed on Nanjing Metro Line 10 are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of BO-GPBE for forecasting the settlement.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.411-424
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• 2023

Reasonable estimates of tunnel lining dislocations in the operation stage, especially under longitudinal differential settlement, are important for the design of waterproof gaskets. In this paper, a modified shell-joint model is proposed to calculate shield tunnel dislocations under longitudinal differential settlement, with the ability to consider the nonlinear shear stiffness of the joint. In the case of shell elements in the model, an elastoplastic damage constitutive model was adopted to describe the nonlinear stress-strain relationship of concrete. After verifying its applicability and correctness against a full-scale tunnel test and a joint shear test, the proposed model was used to analyze the dislocation behaviors of a shield tunnel in Shanghai Metro Line 2 under longitudinal differential settlement. Based on the results, when the tunnel structure is solely subjected to water-earth load, circumferential and longitudinal joint dislocations are all less than 0.1 mm. When the tunnel suffers longitudinal differential settlement and the curvature radius of the differential settlement is less than 300 m, although maximum longitudinal joint dislocation is still less than 0.1 mm, the maximum circumferential joint dislocation is approximately 10.3 mm, which leads to leakage and damage of the tunnel structure. However, with concavo-convex tenons applied to circumferential joints, the maximum dislocation value reduces to 4.5 mm.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2012

In this study, the settlement data of 32 center cored rockfill dams (total 39 monitored data) were collected and analyzed to develop the method to predict the crest settlement of a CCRD after impounding by using the internal settlement data occurred during construction. An artificial neural network (ANN) modeling was used in developing the method, which was considered to be a more reliable approach since in the ANN model dam height, core width, and core type were all considered as input variables in deriving the crest settlement, whereas in conventional methods, such as Clements's method, only dam height is used as a variable. The ANN analysis results showed a good agreement with the measured data, compared to those by the conventional methods using regression analysis. In addition, a simple procedure to use the ANN model for engineers in practice was provided by proposing the equations used for given input values.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2005

In this study, it was proposed that an equation for predicting consolidation settlement on soft clay ground, which separate total settlement into primary and secondary consolidation settlement equation. The consolidation settlements by the proposed equation and by the measured settlements from laboratory model test were compared and verified for its application. It was appeared that the proposed equation from the laboratory model test approach to be more realistic comparing to !the result of Terzaghi's equation. From the above application, it was concluded that the final settlement prediction by. the Hyperbolic, Asaoka methods is needed to the initial settlement but the proposed equation could be much applicable in the lacking condition of measured data of the initial period.